Tanach
Bamidbar 1 במדבר א׳
Part of: BamidbarBamidbar, Aliyah 1Bamidbar, Aliyah 2Petuchah, Numbers 1:22Petuchah, Numbers 1:24Petuchah, Numbers 1:26Petuchah, Numbers 1:28Petuchah, Numbers 1:30Petuchah, Numbers 1:32Petuchah, Numbers 1:34Petuchah, Numbers 1:36Petuchah, Numbers 1:38Petuchah, Numbers 1:40Petuchah, Numbers 1:42Petuchah, Numbers 1:44Petuchah, Numbers 1:48Setumah, Numbers 1:20
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית לְצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹֽר׃
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the Sinai desert, in the Tent of Meeting, on the first [day] of the second month, in the second year of their exodus from the land of Egypt, saying:
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the Sinai desert, in the Tent of Meeting, on the first [day] of the second month, in the second year of their exodus from the land of Egypt, saying:
Rashi
שְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ כׇּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת כׇּל־זָכָר לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם׃
Take a head count of the entire congregation of Bnei Yisroel according to their families to the house of their fathers counting the names of all males individually.
Take a head count of the entire congregation of Bnei Yisroel according to their families to the house of their fathers counting the names of all males individually.
Rashi
למשפחתם. לֵידַע מִנְיַן כָּל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט:
According to their families. To know the number of each tribe
לבית אבתם. מִי שֶׁאָבִיו מִשֵּׁבֶט אֶחָד וְאִמּוֹ מִשֵּׁבֶט אַחֵר יָקוּם עַל שֵׁבֶט אָבִיו (עי' בבא בתרא ק"ט):
To the house of their fathers: Someone whose father is from one tribe and his mother from another tribe shall be maintained in his father’s tribe.
לגלגלתם. עַ"יְ שְׁקָלִים — בֶּקַע לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת:
Individually Through the shekolim a half-shekel per head.
מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כׇּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל תִּפְקְדוּ אֹתָם לְצִבְאֹתָם אַתָּה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃
From twenty years old and above, all those eligible for the army of Israel, you shall count them according to their divisions, you and Aharon.
From twenty years old and above, all those eligible for the army of Israel, you shall count them according to their divisions, you and Aharon.
Rashi
כל יצא צבא. מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין יוֹצֵא בַּצָּבָא פָּחוּת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים:
All those eligible for the army. This teaches us that no one is eligible for the army below the age of twenty.
וְאִתְּכֶם יִהְיוּ אִישׁ אִישׁ לַמַּטֶּה אִישׁ רֹאשׁ לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָיו הֽוּא׃
Along with you, there shall be one man for each tribe, each man shall be the head of his fathers’ house.
Along with you, there shall be one man for each tribe, each man shall be the head of his fathers’ house.
Rashi
ואתכם יהיו. כְּשֶׁתִּפְקְדוּ אוֹתָם יִהְיוּ עִמָּכֶם נְשִׂיא כָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט:
Along with you, there shall be. When you count them, there shall be with you the leader of each tribe.
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר יַֽעַמְדוּ אִתְּכֶם לִרְאוּבֵן אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃
These are the names of the men who shall stand along with you. For [the tribe of] Reuven, Elitzur the son of Shdeiur.
These are the names of the men who shall stand along with you. For [the tribe of] Reuven, Elitzur the son of Shdeiur.
לְשִׁמְעוֹן שְׁלֻמִיאֵל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי׃
For [the tribe of] Shimon, Shlumiel the son of Tzurishadai.
For [the tribe of] Shimon, Shlumiel the son of Tzurishadai.
לִֽיהוּדָה נַחְשׁוֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃
For [the tribe of] Yehudah, Nachshon the son of Aminadav.
For [the tribe of] Yehudah, Nachshon the son of Aminadav.
לְיִשָּׂשכָר נְתַנְאֵל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃
For [the tribe of] Yissachar, Nesanel the son of Tzu’ar.
For [the tribe of] Yissachar, Nesanel the son of Tzu’ar.
לִזְבוּלֻן אֱלִיאָב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃
For [the tribe of] Zevulun, Eliav the son of Cheilon.
For [the tribe of] Zevulun, Eliav the son of Cheilon.
לִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לְאֶפְרַיִם אֱלִישָׁמָע בֶּן־עַמִּיהוּד לִמְנַשֶּׁה גַּמְלִיאֵל בֶּן־פְּדָהצֽוּר׃
For the sons of Yoseif, for [the tribe of] Ephraim, Elishamah the son of Amihud. For [the tribe of] Menasheh, Gamliel the son of Pedahtzur.
For the sons of Yoseif, for [the tribe of] Ephraim, Elishamah the son of Amihud. For [the tribe of] Menasheh, Gamliel the son of Pedahtzur.
לְבִנְיָמִן אֲבִידָן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי׃
For [the tribe of] Binyamin, Avidan the son of Gid’oni.
For [the tribe of] Binyamin, Avidan the son of Gid’oni.
לְדָן אֲחִיעֶזֶר בֶּן־עַמִּֽישַׁדָּֽי׃
For [the tribe of] Don, Achiezer the son of Amishadai.
For [the tribe of] Don, Achiezer the son of Amishadai.
לְאָשֵׁר פַּגְעִיאֵל בֶּן־עׇכְרָֽן׃
For [the tribe of] Asher, Pagi’el the son of Ochran.
For [the tribe of] Asher, Pagi’el the son of Ochran.
לְגָד אֶלְיָסָף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃
For [the tribe of] Gad, Elyasaf the son of De’uel.
For [the tribe of] Gad, Elyasaf the son of De’uel.
לְנַפְתָּלִי אֲחִירַע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃
For [the tribe of] Naftali, Achira the son of Einan.
For [the tribe of] Naftali, Achira the son of Einan.
אֵלֶּה (קריאי) [קְרוּאֵי] הָעֵדָה נְשִׂיאֵי מַטּוֹת אֲבוֹתָם רָאשֵׁי אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵֽם׃
These are the ones called from the congregation, the leaders of their fathers’ tribes; they are the heads of the thousands of Yisroel.
These are the ones called from the congregation, the leaders of their fathers’ tribes; they are the heads of the thousands of Yisroel.
Rashi
אלה קרואי העדה. הַנִּקְרָאִים לְכָל דְּבַר חֲשִׁיבוּת שֶׁבָּעֵדָה:
These are the ones called from the congregation. The ones who were invited to everything of importance in the congregation.
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן אֵת הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר נִקְּבוּ בְּשֵׁמֹֽת*(בספרי ספרד ואשכנז בְּשֵׁמֽוֹת)׃
Moshe and Aharon took these men who were designated by name.
Moshe and Aharon took these men who were designated by name.
Rashi
האנשים האלה. אֶת שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִים הַלָּלוּ:
These men. Those twelve leaders [mentioned above, 5–15].
אשר נקבו. לוֹ כָּאן בשמות:
Who were designated: To him (Moshe) here by [their] names.
וְאֵת כׇּל־הָעֵדָה הִקְהִילוּ בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי וַיִּתְיַֽלְדוּ עַל־מִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם׃
They gathered together the entire congregation on the first [day] of the second month and they were registered by family ancestry according to the house of their fathers. according to the number of names each man of twenty years and above; individually.
They gathered together the entire congregation on the first [day] of the second month and they were registered by family ancestry according to the house of their fathers. according to the number of names each man of twenty years and above; individually.
Rashi
ויתילדו על משפחתם. הֵבִיאוּ סִפְרֵי יִחוּסֵיהֶם וְעֵדֵי חֶזְקַת לֵדָתָם, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לְהִתְיַחֵס עַל הַשֵּׁבֶט (עי' ילקוט תרפ"ד):
And they were registered by family ancestry. They brought their genealogical documents and witnesses who verified the status of their birth, this applied to each individual, to establish their kinship with the tribe.
כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וַֽיִּפְקְדֵם בְּמִדְבַּר סִינָֽי׃ {ס}
Just as Adonoy commanded Moshe. He counted them in the Sinai desert.
Just as Adonoy commanded Moshe. He counted them in the Sinai desert.
וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן בְּכֹר יִשְׂרָאֵל תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם כׇּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
These were the sons of Reuven, Yisroel’s firstborn, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers. according to the number of individual names every male of twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
These were the sons of Reuven, Yisroel’s firstborn, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers. according to the number of individual names every male of twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה רְאוּבֵן שִׁשָּׁה וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Reuven, is forty-six thousand five hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Reuven, is forty-six thousand five hundred.
לִבְנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם פְּקֻדָיו בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם כׇּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Shimon, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, his numbers according to the number of individual names every male of twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Shimon, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, his numbers according to the number of individual names every male of twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה שִׁמְעוֹן תִּשְׁעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Shimon, is fifty-nine thousand three hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Shimon, is fifty-nine thousand three hundred.
לִבְנֵי גָד תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Gad, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers in a counting of names. From twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Gad, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers in a counting of names. From twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה גָד חֲמִשָּׁה וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Gad, is forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Gad, is forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.
לִבְנֵי יְהוּדָה תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Yehudah, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names. From twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Yehudah, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names. From twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָה אַרְבָּעָה וְשִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Yehudah, is seventy-four thousand six hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Yehudah, is seventy-four thousand six hundred.
לִבְנֵי יִשָּׂשכָר תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Yissachar, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names. From twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Yissachar, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names. From twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה יִשָּׂשכָר אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Yissachar is fifty-four thousand four hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Yissachar is fifty-four thousand four hundred.
לִבְנֵי זְבוּלֻן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Zevulun, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Zevulun, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה זְבוּלֻן שִׁבְעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Zevulun, is fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Zevulun, is fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
לִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לִבְנֵי אֶפְרַיִם תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Yoseif; For the sons of Ephraim their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Yoseif; For the sons of Ephraim their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה אֶפְרָיִם אַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Ephraim is forty thousand five hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Ephraim is forty thousand five hundred.
לִבְנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Menashe, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Menashe, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה מְנַשֶּׁה שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Menashe is thirty-two thousand two hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Menashe is thirty-two thousand two hundred.
לִבְנֵי בִנְיָמִן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Binyamin, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Binyamin, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה בִנְיָמִן חֲמִשָּׁה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers for the tribe of Binyamin, is thirty-five thousand four hundred.
Their numbers for the tribe of Binyamin, is thirty-five thousand four hundred.
לִבְנֵי דָן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Don, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Don, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה דָן שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Don, is sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Don, is sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
לִבְנֵי אָשֵׁר תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
For the sons of Asher, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
For the sons of Asher, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה אָשֵׁר אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Asher is forty-one thousand five hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Asher is forty-one thousand five hundred.
בְּנֵי נַפְתָּלִי תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָֽא׃
The sons of Naftali, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
The sons of Naftali, their births according to their families according to the house of their fathers, in a counting of names from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army.
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה נַפְתָּלִי שְׁלֹשָׁה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאֽוֹת׃ {פ}
Their numbers, for the tribe of Naftali is fifty-three thousand four hundred.
Their numbers, for the tribe of Naftali is fifty-three thousand four hundred.
אֵלֶּה הַפְּקֻדִים אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּנְשִׂיאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר אִישׁ אִישׁ־אֶחָד לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָיו הָיֽוּ׃
These are the numbers which were counted [by] Moshe, Aharon and the leaders of Israel, [being] twelve men, each man was the head of his fathers’ house.
These are the numbers which were counted [by] Moshe, Aharon and the leaders of Israel, [being] twelve men, each man was the head of his fathers’ house.
וַיִּֽהְיוּ כׇּל־פְּקוּדֵי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כׇּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
All the numbers of Bnei Yisroel according to the house of their fathers, from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army of Israel,
All the numbers of Bnei Yisroel according to the house of their fathers, from twenty years and above, all who go forth into the army of Israel,
וַיִּֽהְיוּ כׇּל־הַפְּקֻדִים שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃
All their numbers were six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
All their numbers were six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
וְהַלְוִיִּם לְמַטֵּה אֲבֹתָם לֹא הׇתְפָּקְדוּ בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ {פ}
The Levites, according to the tribe of their fathers were not counted among them.
The Levites, according to the tribe of their fathers were not counted among them.
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;
אַךְ אֶת־מַטֵּה לֵוִי לֹא תִפְקֹד וְאֶת־רֹאשָׁם לֹא תִשָּׂא בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
However, the tribe of Levi you shall not count and you shall not take their head count among Bnei Yisroel.
However, the tribe of Levi you shall not count and you shall not take their head count among Bnei Yisroel.
Rashi
אך את מטה לוי לא תפקד. כְּדַאי הוּא לִגְיוֹן שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ לִהְיוֹת נִמְנֶה לְבַדּוֹ (תנחומא); דָּ"אַ, צָפָה הַקָּבָּ"ה שֶׁעֲתִידָה לַעֲמֹד גְּזֵרָה עַל כָּל הַנִּמְנִין מִבֶּן עֶשְֹרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה שֶׁיָּמוּתוּ בַמִּדְבָּר, אָמַר אַל יִהְיוּ אֵלּוּ בִכְלָל, לְפִי שֶׁהֵם שֶׁלִּי, שֶׁלֹּא טָעוּ בָעֵגֶל (שם; בבא בתרא קכ"א):
However, the tribe of Levi you shall not count. The King’s legion is worthy of being counted separately. Another interpretation; the Holy One, blessed is He, foresaw that a decree would arise against all those who were counted from the age of twenty and above to die in the desert. He [therefore] said, “Let these [Levites] not be included, for they are mine, since they did not sin with the [golden] calf.”
וְאַתָּה הַפְקֵד אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם עַל־מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֻת וְעַל כׇּל־כֵּלָיו וְעַל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ הֵמָּה יִשְׂאוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֶת־כׇּל־כֵּלָיו וְהֵם יְשָׁרְתֻהוּ וְסָבִיב לַמִּשְׁכָּן יַחֲנֽוּ׃
You shall appoint the Levites to oversee the Mishkon of Testimony and over all of its utensils and over all that belongs to it. They shall carry the Mishkon and all its utensils, and they shall administer it, and they shall camp around the Mishkon.
You shall appoint the Levites to oversee the Mishkon of Testimony and over all of its utensils and over all that belongs to it. They shall carry the Mishkon and all its utensils, and they shall administer it, and they shall camp around the Mishkon.
Rashi
ואתה הפקד את הלוים. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "מַנִּי", לְשׁוֹן מִנּוּי שְׂרָרָה עַל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְמֻנֶּה עָלָיו, כְּמוֹ "וְיַפְקֵד הַמֶּלֶךְ פְּקִידִים" (אסתר ב'):
You shall appoint the Levites. As Targum [Onkelos] translates, “appoint.” The word denotes appointment to authority over the subject of one’s appointment, as, “and let the king appoint officials.” (Esther 2)
וּבִנְסֹעַ הַמִּשְׁכָּן יוֹרִידוּ אֹתוֹ הַלְוִיִּם וּבַחֲנֹת הַמִּשְׁכָּן יָקִימוּ אֹתוֹ הַלְוִיִּם וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָֽת׃
When the Mishkon is to be moved the Levites shall take it down, and when the Mishkon is to rest [in one place] the Levites shall erect it, and the stranger who approaches, shall die.
When the Mishkon is to be moved the Levites shall take it down, and when the Mishkon is to rest [in one place] the Levites shall erect it, and the stranger who approaches, shall die.
Rashi
יורידו אתו. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "יְפָרְקוּן", כְּשֶׁבָּאִין לִסַּע בַּמִּדְבָּר מִמַּסָּע לְמַסָּע הָיוּ מְפָרְקִין אוֹתוֹ מֵהֲקָמָתוֹ, וְנוֹשְׂאִין אוֹתוֹ עַד מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכֹּן שָׁם הֶעָנָן, וְיַחֲנוּ שָׁם וּמְקִימִין אוֹתוֹ:
[They] shall take it down. As Targum (Onkelos) translates, “they shall dismantle.” When they were going to depart in the desert from journey to journey they would dismantle it (the Mishkon) from its upright position and carry it to the place where the cloud came to rest. They camped there and set it up.
והזר הקרב. לַעֲבוֹדָתָם זוֹ:
And the stranger who approaches: To [perform] this service of theirs.
יומת. בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם:
Shall die: By the hand of heaven.
וְחָנוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ עַֽל־מַחֲנֵהוּ וְאִישׁ עַל־דִּגְלוֹ לְצִבְאֹתָֽם׃
Bnei Yisroel shall camp, each man at his own camp and each man at his own banner, according to their divisions.
Bnei Yisroel shall camp, each man at his own camp and each man at his own banner, according to their divisions.
Rashi
ואישׁ על דגלו. כְּמוֹ שֶׁהַדְּגָלִים סְדוּרִים בְּסֵפֶר זֶה – שְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁבָטִים לְכָל דֶּגֶל:
And each man at his own banner. According to the way that the banners are arranged in this book (i.e., Bamidbar, 2:3–31), three tribes to each banner.
וְהַלְוִיִּם יַחֲנוּ סָבִיב לְמִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֻת וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶה קֶצֶף עַל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְשָׁמְרוּ הַלְוִיִּם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֽוּת׃
The Levites shall camp around the Mishkon of the Testimony, so that there will not be anger upon the congregation of Bnei Yisroel, and the Levites shall be careful to preserve the Mishkon of Testimony.
The Levites shall camp around the Mishkon of the Testimony, so that there will not be anger upon the congregation of Bnei Yisroel, and the Levites shall be careful to preserve the Mishkon of Testimony.
Rashi
ולא יהיה קצף. אִם תַּעֲשׂוּ כְּמִצְוֹתַי לֹא יִהְיֶה קֶצֶף, וְאִם לָאו, שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ זָרִים בַּעֲבוֹדָתָם זוֹ, יִהְיֶה קֶצֶף, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמָּצִינוּ בְמַעֲשֵׂה קֹרַח (במדבר י"ז), כִּי יָצָא הַקֶּצֶף וְגוֹ':
So that there will not be anger. If you fulfill My commandments there will not be anger, but if not — if strangers will enter into this service of theirs — there will be anger, as we find in the episode of Korach, “. . . for the anger had emerged . . .” [17:11]
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה כֵּן עָשֽׂוּ׃ {פ}
Bnei Yisroel did according to all that Adonoy commanded Moshe; they did it [exactly].
Bnei Yisroel did according to all that Adonoy commanded Moshe; they did it [exactly].
וידבר. במדבר סיני באחד לחדש וגו'. מִתּוֹךְ חִבָּתָן לְפָנָיו מוֹנֶה אוֹתָם כָּל שָׁעָה — כְּשֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם מְנָאָן, וּכְשֶׁנָּפְלוּ בָּעֵגֶל מְנָאָן לֵידַע מִנְיַן הַנּוֹתָרִים, כְּשֶׁבָּא לְהַשְׁרוֹת שְׁכִינָתוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם מְנָאָם, בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּבְאֶחָד בְּאִיָּר מְנָאָם:
In the Sinai desert . . . on the first [day] of the [second] month, etc. Because they (the Israelites) are precious before Him (Hashem), He counts them all the time; when they went out of Egypt He counted them [Shemos, 12:37], and when they fell because of [the sin of] the golden calf He counted them to know the number of those who remained, when He came to cause His Presence to rest upon them He counted them. On the first day of Nisan the Mishkon was set up, and on the first day of Iyar He counted them.