Tanach
Bereshit 34 בראשית ל״ד
Part of: VayishlachVayishlach, Aliyah 5Setumah, Genesis 34:1
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַתֵּצֵא דִינָה בַּת־לֵאָה אֲשֶׁר יָלְדָה לְיַעֲקֹב לִרְאוֹת בִּבְנוֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Deenah went out, the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Yaakov, to see [visit] the local girls.
Deenah went out, the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Yaakov, to see [visit] the local girls.
Rashi
וַיַּרְא אֹתָהּ שְׁכֶם בֶּן־חֲמוֹר הַֽחִוִּי נְשִׂיא הָאָרֶץ וַיִּקַּח אֹתָהּ וַיִּשְׁכַּב אֹתָהּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃
She was seen by Shechem, son of Chamor, the Chivite, who was the prince of the land. He took her, was with her, and mistreated her.
She was seen by Shechem, son of Chamor, the Chivite, who was the prince of the land. He took her, was with her, and mistreated her.
Rashi
וישכב אתה. כְּדַרְכָּהּ:
ויענה. שֶׁלֹּא כְדַרְכָּהּ (בראשית רבה):
וַתִּדְבַּק נַפְשׁוֹ בְּדִינָה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ וַיְדַבֵּר עַל־לֵב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃
He became deeply attached to Deenah, the daughter of Yaakov, and he loved the girl. He spoke to the girl’s heart.
He became deeply attached to Deenah, the daughter of Yaakov, and he loved the girl. He spoke to the girl’s heart.
Rashi
על לב הנערה. דְּבָרִים הַמִּתְיַשְּׁבִים עַל הַלֵּב; רְאִי, אָבִיךְ בְּחֶלְקַת שָׂדֶה קְטַנָּה כַּמָּה מָמוֹן בִּזְבֵּז, אֲנִי אַשִּׂיאֵךְ וְתִקְנֶה הָעִיר וְכָל שְׂדוֹתֶיהָ:
וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁכֶם אֶל־חֲמוֹר אָבִיו לֵאמֹר קַֽח־לִי אֶת־הַיַּלְדָּה הַזֹּאת לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
Shechem spoke to his father Chamor, saying, Take this young girl for me as a wife.
Shechem spoke to his father Chamor, saying, Take this young girl for me as a wife.
וְיַעֲקֹב שָׁמַע כִּי טִמֵּא אֶת־דִּינָה בִתּוֹ וּבָנָיו הָיוּ אֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶה וְהֶחֱרִשׁ יַעֲקֹב עַד־בֹּאָֽם׃
Yaakov heard that he had defiled his daughter, Deenah, [while] his sons were with the livestock in the fields. Yaakov remained silent until they returned.
Yaakov heard that he had defiled his daughter, Deenah, [while] his sons were with the livestock in the fields. Yaakov remained silent until they returned.
וַיֵּצֵא חֲמוֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶם אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹב לְדַבֵּר אִתּֽוֹ׃
Chamor, father of Shechem, went out to Yaakov to speak with him.
Chamor, father of Shechem, went out to Yaakov to speak with him.
וּבְנֵי יַעֲקֹב בָּאוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה כְּשׇׁמְעָם וַיִּֽתְעַצְּבוּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים וַיִּחַר לָהֶם מְאֹד כִּֽי־נְבָלָה עָשָׂה בְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִשְׁכַּב אֶת־בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹב וְכֵן לֹא יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃
The sons of Yaakov returned from the field when they heard [what had happened]. The men grieved and were very angry, for he [Shechem] had committed an outrage against Yisrael to lie with a daughter of Yaakov. Such a thing should not be done.
The sons of Yaakov returned from the field when they heard [what had happened]. The men grieved and were very angry, for he [Shechem] had committed an outrage against Yisrael to lie with a daughter of Yaakov. Such a thing should not be done.
Rashi
וכן לא יעשה. לְעַנּוֹת אֶת הַבְּתוּלוֹת, שֶׁהָאֻמּוֹת גָּדְרוּ עַצְמָן מִן הָעֲרָיוֹת עַל יְדֵי הַמַּבּוּל (בראשית רבה):
וַיְדַבֵּר חֲמוֹר אִתָּם לֵאמֹר שְׁכֶם בְּנִי חָֽשְׁקָה נַפְשׁוֹ בְּבִתְּכֶם תְּנוּ נָא אֹתָהּ לוֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
Chamor spoke with them saying, My son, Shechem, desires your daughter. Please grant her to him for a wife.
Chamor spoke with them saying, My son, Shechem, desires your daughter. Please grant her to him for a wife.
Rashi
חשקה. חָפְצָה:
וְהִֽתְחַתְּנוּ אֹתָנוּ בְּנֹֽתֵיכֶם תִּתְּנוּ־לָנוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵינוּ תִּקְחוּ לָכֶֽם׃
Intermarry with us. Give us your daughters, and take our daughters for yourselves.
Intermarry with us. Give us your daughters, and take our daughters for yourselves.
וְאִתָּנוּ תֵּשֵׁבוּ וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם שְׁבוּ וּסְחָרוּהָ וְהֵֽאָחֲזוּ בָּֽהּ׃
You will [then] live with us and the land will be open to you. Live and trade in it and possess it.
You will [then] live with us and the land will be open to you. Live and trade in it and possess it.
וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁכֶם אֶל־אָבִיהָ וְאֶל־אַחֶיהָ אֶמְצָא־חֵן בְּעֵינֵיכֶם וַאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי אֶתֵּֽן׃
Shechem said to her father and her brothers, Let me find favor in your eyes and what ever you say [ask of me], I will give.
Shechem said to her father and her brothers, Let me find favor in your eyes and what ever you say [ask of me], I will give.
הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן וְאֶתְּנָה כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָי וּתְנוּ־לִי אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
Increase greatly the amount I must pay for the bridal dowry and gifts. I will give whatever you say, but give me the girl for a wife.
Increase greatly the amount I must pay for the bridal dowry and gifts. I will give whatever you say, but give me the girl for a wife.
Rashi
מהר. כְּתֻבָּה:
וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹב אֶת־שְׁכֶם וְאֶת־חֲמוֹר אָבִיו בְּמִרְמָה וַיְדַבֵּרוּ אֲשֶׁר טִמֵּא אֵת דִּינָה אֲחֹתָֽם׃
The sons of Yaakov answered Shechem, and his father Chamor, with guile, when they spoke; because he had defiled their sister, Deenah.
The sons of Yaakov answered Shechem, and his father Chamor, with guile, when they spoke; because he had defiled their sister, Deenah.
Rashi
במרמה. בְּחָכְמָה:
אשר טמא. הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה רְמִיָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי טִמֵּא אֶת דִּינָה אֲחֹתָם (בראשית רבה):
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֲלֵיהֶם לֹא נוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה לָתֵת אֶת־אֲחֹתֵנוּ לְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ עׇרְלָה כִּֽי־חֶרְפָּה הִוא לָֽנוּ׃
They said to them, We cannot do such a thing—to give our sister [in marriage] to an uncircumcised man, for that is a disgrace to us.
They said to them, We cannot do such a thing—to give our sister [in marriage] to an uncircumcised man, for that is a disgrace to us.
Rashi
חרפה הוא. שֶׁמֶץ פְּסוּל הוּא אֶצְלֵנוּ; הַבָּא לְחָרֵף חֲבֵרוֹ הוּא אוֹמֵר לוֹ עָרֵל אַתָּה אוֹ בֶּן עָרֵל. חֶרְפָּה בְּכָל מָקוֹם גִּדּוּף:
אַךְ־בְּזֹאת נֵאוֹת לָכֶם אִם תִּהְיוּ כָמֹנוּ לְהִמֹּל לָכֶם כׇּל־זָכָֽר׃
This is the only way we will consent to you: if you will be like us, circumcising all your males.
This is the only way we will consent to you: if you will be like us, circumcising all your males.
Rashi
נאות לכם. נִתְרַצֶּה לָכֶם, לְשׁוֹן וַיֵּאֹתוּ (מלכים ב י"ב):
להמול. לִהְיוֹת נִמּוֹל. אֵינוֹ לְשׁוֹן לִפְעֹל אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן לְהִפָּעֵל:
וְנָתַנּוּ אֶת־בְּנֹתֵינוּ לָכֶם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵיכֶם נִֽקַּֽח־לָנוּ וְיָשַׁבְנוּ אִתְּכֶם וְהָיִינוּ לְעַם אֶחָֽד׃
[Then] we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters for ourselves. We will live together with you, and we will become one people.
[Then] we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters for ourselves. We will live together with you, and we will become one people.
Rashi
ונתנו. נוּ"ן שְׁנִיָּה מֻדְגֶּשֶׁת לְפִי שֶׁהִיא מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בִּמְקוֹם שְׁתֵּי נוּנִי"ן, וְנָתַנְנוּ:
ואת בנתיכם נקח לנו. אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בַּתְּנַאי שֶׁאָמַר חֲמוֹר לְיַעֲקֹב וּבִתְשׁוּבַת בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב לַחֲמוֹר, שֶׁתָּלוּ הַחֲשִׁיבוּת בִּבְנֵי יַעֲקֹב לִקַּח בְּנוֹת שְׁכֶם אֶת שֶׁיִּבְחֲרוּ לָהֶם, וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶם יִתְּנוּ לָהֶם לְפִי דַעְתָּם, דִּכְתִיב וְנָתַנּוּ אֶת בְּנֹתֵינוּ – לְפִי דַעְתֵּנוּ, וְאֶת בְּנֹתֵיכֶם נִקַּח לָנוּ – כְּכָל אֲשֶׁר נַחְפֹּץ; וּכְשֶׁדִּבְּרוּ חֲמוֹר וּשְׁכֶם בְּנוֹ אֶל יוֹשְׁבֵי עִירָם הָפְכוּ הַדְּבָרִים, אֶת בְּנֹתָם נִקַּח לָנוּ לְנָשִׁים וְאֶת בְּנֹתֵינוּ נִתֵּן לָהֶם, כְּדֵי לְרַצּוֹתָם שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ לְהִמּוֹל:
וְאִם־לֹא תִשְׁמְעוּ אֵלֵינוּ לְהִמּוֹל וְלָקַחְנוּ אֶת־בִּתֵּנוּ וְהָלָֽכְנוּ׃
But if you do not listen to us to be circumcised, we will take our daughter and go.
But if you do not listen to us to be circumcised, we will take our daughter and go.
וַיִּֽיטְבוּ דִבְרֵיהֶם בְּעֵינֵי חֲמוֹר וּבְעֵינֵי שְׁכֶם בֶּן־חֲמֽוֹר׃
Their words were agreeable in the eyes of Chamor, and in the eyes of Shechem, the son of Chamor.
Their words were agreeable in the eyes of Chamor, and in the eyes of Shechem, the son of Chamor.
וְלֹֽא־אֵחַר הַנַּעַר לַעֲשׂוֹת הַדָּבָר כִּי חָפֵץ בְּבַֽת־יַעֲקֹב וְהוּא נִכְבָּד מִכֹּל בֵּית אָבִֽיו׃
The young man did not delay doing the thing, because he desired the daughter of Yaakov. He was the most honored person in his father’s house.
The young man did not delay doing the thing, because he desired the daughter of Yaakov. He was the most honored person in his father’s house.
וַיָּבֹא חֲמוֹר וּשְׁכֶם בְּנוֹ אֶל־שַׁעַר עִירָם וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁי עִירָם לֵאמֹֽר׃
Chamor and his son, Shechem came to the gate of their city, and they spoke to the men of their city saying,
Chamor and his son, Shechem came to the gate of their city, and they spoke to the men of their city saying,
הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה שְֽׁלֵמִים הֵם אִתָּנוּ וְיֵשְׁבוּ בָאָרֶץ וְיִסְחֲרוּ אֹתָהּ וְהָאָרֶץ הִנֵּה רַֽחֲבַת־יָדַיִם לִפְנֵיהֶם אֶת־בְּנֹתָם נִקַּֽח־לָנוּ לְנָשִׁים וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵינוּ נִתֵּן לָהֶֽם׃
These men are completely at peace with us. Let them live in the land and trade in it. The land has ample room to be open to them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give them our daughters.
These men are completely at peace with us. Let them live in the land and trade in it. The land has ample room to be open to them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give them our daughters.
Rashi
שלמים. בְּשָׁלוֹם וּבְלֵב שָׁלֵם:
והארץ הנה רחבת ידים. כְּאָדָם שֶׁיָּדוֹ רְחָבָה וּוַתְרָנִית; כְּלוֹמַר, אַל תַּפְסִידוּ כְּלוּם – פְּרַקְמַטְיָא הַרְבֵּה בָּאָה לְכָאן וְאֵין לָהּ קוֹנִים:
אַךְ־בְּזֹאת יֵאֹתוּ לָנוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים לָשֶׁבֶת אִתָּנוּ לִהְיוֹת לְעַם אֶחָד בְּהִמּוֹל לָנוּ כׇּל־זָכָר כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵם נִמֹּלִֽים׃
But only on these terms will the men consent to live with us, to become one people: every male among us must be circumcised, just as they are circumcised.
But only on these terms will the men consent to live with us, to become one people: every male among us must be circumcised, just as they are circumcised.
Rashi
בהמול. בִּהְיוֹת נִמּוֹל:
מִקְנֵהֶם וְקִנְיָנָם וְכׇל־בְּהֶמְתָּם הֲלוֹא לָנוּ הֵם אַךְ נֵאוֹתָה לָהֶם וְיֵשְׁבוּ אִתָּֽנוּ׃
Their livestock, their possessions and all their cattle, will it not be ours? Only let us consent to them, and they will live with us.
Their livestock, their possessions and all their cattle, will it not be ours? Only let us consent to them, and they will live with us.
Rashi
אך נאותה להם. לְדָבָר זֶה, וְעַל יְדֵי כֵן יֵשְׁבוּ אִתָּנוּ:
וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶל־חֲמוֹר וְאֶל־שְׁכֶם בְּנוֹ כׇּל־יֹצְאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ וַיִּמֹּלוּ כׇּל־זָכָר כׇּל־יֹצְאֵי שַׁעַר עִירֽוֹ׃
They listened to Chamor, and to his son, Shechem—all those who passed through the gate of his city. Every male was circumcised—all who passed through the gate of his city.
They listened to Chamor, and to his son, Shechem—all those who passed through the gate of his city. Every male was circumcised—all who passed through the gate of his city.
וַיְהִי בַיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בִּֽהְיוֹתָם כֹּֽאֲבִים וַיִּקְחוּ שְׁנֵֽי־בְנֵי־יַעֲקֹב שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי אֲחֵי דִינָה אִישׁ חַרְבּוֹ וַיָּבֹאוּ עַל־הָעִיר בֶּטַח וַיַּֽהַרְגוּ כׇּל־זָכָֽר׃
On the third day when they were in pain, two of Yaakov’s sons, Shimon and Leivi, brothers of Deenah, each took his sword. They approached the city with confidence, and killed every male.
On the third day when they were in pain, two of Yaakov’s sons, Shimon and Leivi, brothers of Deenah, each took his sword. They approached the city with confidence, and killed every male.
Rashi
שני בני יעקב. בָּנָיו הָיוּ, וְאַעַ"פִּ כֵן נָהֲגוּ עַצְמָן שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי כִּשְׁאָר אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁאֵינָם בָּנָיו, שֶׁלֹּא נָטְלוּ עֵצָה הֵימֶנּוּ (בראשית רבה):
אחי דינה. לְפִי שֶׁמָּסְרוּ עַצְמָן עָלֶיהָ נִקְרְאוּ אַחֶיהָ:
בטח. שֶׁהָיוּ כוֹאֲבִים וּמִ"אַ בְּטוּחִים הָיוּ עַל כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל זָקֵן (בראשית רבה):
וְאֶת־חֲמוֹר וְאֶת־שְׁכֶם בְּנוֹ הָרְגוּ לְפִי־חָרֶב וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־דִּינָה מִבֵּית שְׁכֶם וַיֵּצֵֽאוּ׃
They killed Chamor and his son Shechem at the point of the sword. They took Deenah from the house of Shechem and they left.
They killed Chamor and his son Shechem at the point of the sword. They took Deenah from the house of Shechem and they left.
בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב בָּאוּ עַל־הַחֲלָלִים וַיָּבֹזּוּ הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר טִמְּאוּ אֲחוֹתָֽם׃
The sons of Yaakov came upon the corpses, and they plundered the city that had defiled their sister.
The sons of Yaakov came upon the corpses, and they plundered the city that had defiled their sister.
Rashi
על החללים. לְפַשֵּׁט הַחֲלָלִים:
אֶת־צֹאנָם וְאֶת־בְּקָרָם וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵיהֶם וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר־בָּעִיר וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה לָקָֽחוּ׃
Their sheep, their cattle, their donkeys, whatever was in the city and whatever was in the field—they took.
Their sheep, their cattle, their donkeys, whatever was in the city and whatever was in the field—they took.
וְאֶת־כׇּל־חֵילָם וְאֶת־כׇּל־טַפָּם וְאֶת־נְשֵׁיהֶם שָׁבוּ וַיָּבֹזּוּ וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר בַּבָּֽיִת׃
All their wealth, all their children, and their wives—they took captive, and plundered—including everything in the houses.
All their wealth, all their children, and their wives—they took captive, and plundered—including everything in the houses.
Rashi
חילם. מָמוֹנָם וְכֵן עָשָׂה לִי אֶת הַחַיִל הַזֶּה (דברים ח'), וְיִשְׂרָאֵל עֹשֶׂה חָיִל (במדבר כ"ד), וְעָזְבוּ לַאֲחֵרִים חֵילָם (תהילים מ"ט):
שבו. לְשׁוֹן שְׁבִיָּה, לְפִיכָךְ טַעֲמוֹ מִלְּרָע:
וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל־שִׁמְעוֹן וְאֶל־לֵוִי עֲכַרְתֶּם אֹתִי לְהַבְאִישֵׁנִי בְּיֹשֵׁב הָאָרֶץ בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִי וּבַפְּרִזִּי וַאֲנִי מְתֵי מִסְפָּר וְנֶאֶסְפוּ עָלַי וְהִכּוּנִי וְנִשְׁמַדְתִּי אֲנִי וּבֵיתִֽי׃
Yaakov said to Shimon and Leivi, You have made trouble for me, making me obnoxious to the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites and the Perizzites. [Since] I am few in number, they will gather together and attack me. I and my house [family] will be destroyed.
Yaakov said to Shimon and Leivi, You have made trouble for me, making me obnoxious to the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites and the Perizzites. [Since] I am few in number, they will gather together and attack me. I and my house [family] will be destroyed.
Rashi
עכרתם. לְשׁוֹן מַיִם עֲכוּרִים, אֵין דַּעְתִּי צְלוּלָה עַכְשָׁו (ברכות כ"ה). וְאַגָּדָה, צְלוּלָה הָיְתָה הֶחָבִית וַעֲכַרְתֶּם אוֹתָהּ (בראשית רבה) – מָסֹרֶת הָיְתָה בְּיַד כְּנַעֲנִים שֶׁיִּפְּלוּ בְּיַד בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים עַד אֲשֶׁר תִּפְרֶה וְנָחַלְתָּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ (שמות כ"ג), לְפִיכָךְ הָיוּ שׁוֹתְקִין:
מתי מספר. אֲנָשִׁים מוּעָטִים:
וַיֹּאמְרוּ הַכְזוֹנָה יַעֲשֶׂה אֶת־אֲחוֹתֵֽנוּ׃ {פ}
They said, Should he make our sister into a harlot ?
They said, Should he make our sister into a harlot ?
Rashi
הכזונה. הֶפְקֵר:
את אחותנו. יָת אֲחָתָנָא:
בת לאה. וְלֹא בַת יַעֲקֹב? אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם יְצִיאָתָהּ נִקְרֵאת בַּת לֵאָה, שֶׁאַף הִיא יַצְאָנִית הָיְתָה (בראשית רבה), שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַתֵּצֶא לֵאָה לִקְרָאתוֹ (וְעָלֶיהָ מָשְׁלוּ הַמָּשָׁל כְּאִמָּהּ כְּבִתָּהּ):