Tanach
Devarim 12:20-28 דברים י״ב:כ׳-כ״ח
Part of: Re'ehRe'eh, Aliyah 2Chapter 12
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
כִּֽי־יַרְחִיב יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶֽת־גְּבֻלְךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר־לָךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ אֹכְלָה בָשָׂר כִּֽי־תְאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר בְּכׇל־אַוַּת נַפְשְׁךָ תֹּאכַל בָּשָֽׂר׃
When Adonoy, your God, expands your border as He promised you, and you say, ‘‘I would like to eat meat’’ because you have an appetite to eat meat; to the full extent of your appetite eat meat.
When Adonoy, your God, expands your border as He promised you, and you say, ‘‘I would like to eat meat’’ because you have an appetite to eat meat; to the full extent of your appetite eat meat.
Rashi
כל אות נפשך וגו'. אֲבָל בַּמִּדְבָּר נֶאֱסַר לָהֶם בְּשַׂר חֻלִּין אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן מַקְדִּישָׁהּ וּמַקְרִיבָהּ שְׁלָמִים (שם ט"ז):
To the full extent of your appetite, etc. However, in the wilderness, non-sacrificial meat was forbidden to them, unless it was sanctified and brought as a shelamim-offering.
כִּֽי־יִרְחַק מִמְּךָ הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָשׂוּם שְׁמוֹ שָׁם וְזָבַחְתָּ מִבְּקָרְךָ וּמִצֹּֽאנְךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהֹוָה לְךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִךָ וְאָֽכַלְתָּ בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ בְּכֹל אַוַּת נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃
When the place is distant from you that Adonoy, your God, chooses to set His Presence there, you may slaughter some of your cattle or your flocks that Adonoy gave you, as I have commanded you; and you will eat in your cities with all your appetite.
When the place is distant from you that Adonoy, your God, chooses to set His Presence there, you may slaughter some of your cattle or your flocks that Adonoy gave you, as I have commanded you; and you will eat in your cities with all your appetite.
Rashi
כי ירחק ממך המקום. וְלֹא תוּכַל לָבֹא וְלַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלָמִים בְּכָל יוֹם כְּמוֹ עַכְשָׁו שֶׁהַמִּשְׁכָּן הוֹלֵךְ עִמָּכֶם:
When the place is distant from you. So that you are unable to come every day to offer the shelamim sacrifice, as you are now, when the Mishkan travels with you,
וזבחת … כאשר צויתך. לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁיֵּשׁ צִוּוּי בַּזְּבִיחָה הֵיאַךְ יִשְׁחֹט, וְהֵן הִלְכוֹת שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרוּ לְמֹשֶׁה בְּסִינַי (שם כ"ח):
you may slaughter, as I have commanded you. We learn that there is a command concerning the proper method of slaughtering. This refers to the slaughtering laws told to Moshe at Sinai.
אַךְ כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל אֶֽת־הַצְּבִי וְאֶת־הָאַיָּל כֵּן תֹּאכְלֶנּוּ הַטָּמֵא וְהַטָּהוֹר יַחְדָּו יֹאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃
Only, as the deer and the gazelle may be eaten, so may you eat it; the ritually unclean and the clean together may eat it
Only, as the deer and the gazelle may be eaten, so may you eat it; the ritually unclean and the clean together may eat it
Rashi
אך כאשר יאכל את הצבי וגו'. אֵינְךָ מֻזְהָר לְאָכְלָן בְּטָהֳרָה, אִי מַה צְּבִי וְאַיָּל חֶלְבָּן מֻתָּר אַף חֻלִּין חֶלְבָּן מֻתָּר? תַּ"לֹ "אַךְ":
Only, as the deer, etc, may be eaten. You are not admonished to eat them in ritual purity. Perhaps, just as the fat of the deer and the gazelle are permitted, so is the fat of the non-sacrificial animal permitted? The Torah therefore teaches, “only.”
רַק חֲזַק לְבִלְתִּי אֲכֹל הַדָּם כִּי הַדָּם הוּא הַנָּפֶשׁ וְלֹא־תֹאכַל הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם־הַבָּשָֽׂר׃
Only, exercise strength in not eating the blood, for the blood is the life; and do not eat the spirit with the meat.
Only, exercise strength in not eating the blood, for the blood is the life; and do not eat the spirit with the meat.
Rashi
רק חזק לבלתי אכל הדם. מִמַּה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר חֲזַק אַתָּה לָמֵד שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁטוּפִים בַּדָּם לְאָכְלוֹ, לְפִיכָךְ הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר חֲזַק דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, רַ' שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עֲזַאי אוֹמֵר לֹא בָא הַכָּתוּב אֶלָּא לְהַזְהִירְךָ וּלְלַמֶּדְךָ עַד כַּמָּה אַתָּה צָרִיךְ לְהִתְחַזֵּק בַּמִּצְווֹת, אִם הַדָּם שֶׁהוּא קַל לְהִשָּׁמֵר מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁאֵין אָדָם מִתְאַוֶּה לוֹ, הֻצְרַךְ לְחַזֶּקְךָ בְאַזְהָרָתוֹ, קַ"וָ לִשְׁאָר מִצְווֹת (עי' ספרי):
Only exercise strength in not eating the blood. From the statement “exercise strength,” you learn that they wallowed in the eating of blood. It was therefore necessary to say “exercise strength.” This is R’ Yehudah’s opinion. R’ Shimon ben Azai said, Scripture merely admonishes and teaches you the extent to which you must exercise strength with mitzvos. If blood, which is easily avoided, as a man has no craving for it, yet it is necessary to strengthen you in admonishing against it; then certainly the other commandments.
ולא תאכל הנפש עם הבשר. אַזְהָרָה לְאֵבֶר מִן הַחַי (חולין ק"ב):
Do not eat the spirit with the meat. This prohibits the limb of a living animal.
לֹא תֹּאכְלֶנּוּ עַל־הָאָרֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ כַּמָּֽיִם׃
Do not eat it; onto the earth are you to spill it like water.
Do not eat it; onto the earth are you to spill it like water.
Rashi
לא תאכלנו. אַזְהָרָה לְדַם הַתַּמְצִית (כריתות ד'):
Do not eat it. This prohibits the dripping tamtzis blood.
לֹא תֹּאכְלֶנּוּ לְמַעַן יִיטַב לְךָ וּלְבָנֶיךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ כִּֽי־תַעֲשֶׂה הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
Do not eat it, so that you may enjoy beneficience, and your children after you, when you do the upright in Adonoy’s eyes.
Do not eat it, so that you may enjoy beneficience, and your children after you, when you do the upright in Adonoy’s eyes.
Rashi
לא תאכלנו. אַזְהָרָה לְדַם הָאֵבָרִים (שם):
Do not eat it. This prohibits the blood absorbed in the limbs.
למען ייטב לך וגו'. צֵא וּלְמַד מַתַּן שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל מִצְווֹת, אִם הַדָּם שֶׁנַּפְשׁוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם קָצָה מִמֶּנּוּ, הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ זוֹכֶה לוֹ וּלְבָנָיו אַחֲרָיו, קַל וָחֹמֶר לְגֶזֶל וַעֲרָיוֹת שֶׁנַּפְשׁוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם מִתְאַוָּה לָהֶם (מכות כ"ג):
So that you may enjoy beneficence, etc. Go forth, learn the reward for mitzvos. Take blood, which a man finds repugnant; yet, one who refrains from it gains merit for himself and his children after him. Certainly with larceny and promiscuousness, which a man craves.
רַק קׇֽדָשֶׁיךָ אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיוּ לְךָ וּנְדָרֶיךָ תִּשָּׂא וּבָאתָ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר יְהֹוָֽה׃
However, your sacred offerings that you will have, and your pledges, you are to bring when you come to the place that Adonoy chooses.
However, your sacred offerings that you will have, and your pledges, you are to bring when you come to the place that Adonoy chooses.
Rashi
רק קדשיך. אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁאַתָּה מֻתָּר לִשְׁחֹט חֻלִּין, לֹא הִתַּרְתִּי לְךָ לִשְׁחֹט אֶת הַקֳּדָשִׁים וּלְאָכְלָן בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ בְּלֹא הַקְרָבָה, אֶלָּא הֲבִיאֵם לְבֵית הַבְּחִירָה:
However, your sacred offerings. Although you may slaughter non-sacrificial animals, I did not permit you to slaughter sacrificial offerings and eat them in your cities without offering them up. Rather, bring them to the chosen Sanctuary.
וְעָשִׂיתָ עֹלֹתֶיךָ הַבָּשָׂר וְהַדָּם עַל־מִזְבַּח יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְדַם־זְבָחֶיךָ יִשָּׁפֵךְ עַל־מִזְבַּח יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְהַבָּשָׂר תֹּאכֵֽל׃
You are to execute your burnt-offerings—the meat and the blood—on the altar of Adonoy, your God; and the blood of your peace -offerings will be poured on the altar of Adonoy, your God, then you will eat the meat.
You are to execute your burnt-offerings—the meat and the blood—on the altar of Adonoy, your God; and the blood of your peace -offerings will be poured on the altar of Adonoy, your God, then you will eat the meat.
Rashi
ועשית עלתיך. אִם עוֹלוֹת הֵן, תֵּן הַבָּשָׂר וְהַדָּם עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּח, וְאִם זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים הֵם, "דַּם זְבָחֶיךָ יִשָּׁפֵךְ" עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ "וְהַבָּשָׂר תֹּאכֵל". וְעוֹד דָּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ, "רַק קָדָשֶׁיךָ" בָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַקֳּדָשִׁים שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וּלְלַמֵּד עַל הַתְּמוּרוֹת וְעַל וַלְדוֹת קָדָשִׁים שֶׁיִּקְרְבוּ (ספרי; בכורות י"ד):
Execute your burnt-offerings. If they are burnt-olah- offerings, place the flesh and the blood on the altar. If they are shelamim-peace-offerings, “the blood of your sacrifices shall be poured on the altar” first, and then “the flesh may be eaten.” The Rabbis expounded additionally. “However, your sacrificial-offerings . . .”: This teaches concerning sacrificial-offerings outside the land. And it teaches that exchange-offerings and the offspring of sacrifices must be offered up.
שְׁמֹר וְשָׁמַעְתָּ אֵת כׇּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוֶּךָּ לְמַעַן יִיטַב לְךָ וּלְבָנֶיךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ עַד־עוֹלָם כִּי תַעֲשֶׂה הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}
Preserve and heed all these words that I am commanding you, in order that you have it good and your children after you forever, when you do that which is good and that which is upright in the eyes of Adonoy, your God.
Preserve and heed all these words that I am commanding you, in order that you have it good and your children after you forever, when you do that which is good and that which is upright in the eyes of Adonoy, your God.
Rashi
שמר. זוֹ מִשְׁנָה שֶׁאַתָּה צָרִיךְ לְשָׁמְרָהּ בְּבִטְנְךָ שֶׁלֹּא תִשְׁכַּח, כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כ"ב) "כִּי נָעִים כִּי תִשְׁמְרֵם בְּבִטְנֶךָ", וְאִם שָׁנִיתָ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁתִּשְׁמַע וּתְקַיֵּם, הָא כָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ בִּכְלַל מִשְׁנָה אֵינוֹ בִּכְלַל מַעֲשֶׂה (עי' ספרי):
Preserve. This refers to the study of the law, which must be preserved in one’s gut, not to be forgotten, as it is said, “It is pleasurable that you preserve them in your gut.” If you have studied the law, then it is possible for you to heed and to perform; but anyone who is not involved in study can not be involved in performance.
את כל הדברים. שֶׁתְּהֵא חֲבִיבָה עָלֶיךָ מִצְוָה קַלָּה כְּמִצְוָה חֲמוּרָה (שם):
All these words. A minor commandment should be as precious to you as one of great consequence.
הטוב. בְּעֵינֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם:
That which is good. In the eyes of Heaven.
והישר. בְּעֵינֵי אָדָם:
And that which is upright. In the eyes of mortals.
כי ירחיב וגו'. לִמְּדָה תוֹרָה דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ שֶׁלֹּא יִתְאַוֶּה אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם וְעֹשֶׁר (חולין פ"ד):
When . . . expands, etc. The Torah teaches proper behavior — a man should not crave eating meat unless he enjoys expansion and affluence.