Tanach
Devarim 13:7-12 דברים י״ג:ז׳-י״ב
Part of: Re'ehRe'eh, Aliyah 3Chapter 13
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
כִּי יְסִֽיתְךָ אָחִיךָ בֶן־אִמֶּךָ אֽוֹ־בִנְךָ אֽוֹ־בִתְּךָ אוֹ ׀ אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶךָ אוֹ רֵֽעֲךָ אֲשֶׁר כְּנַפְשְׁךָ בַּסֵּתֶר לֵאמֹר נֵֽלְכָה וְנַֽעַבְדָה אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃
If one shall incite you, your brother—son of your mother—or your son or your daughter, or the wife of your bosom, or your neighbor who is your soul mate, clandestinely, saying, ‘‘Let us go and serve other gods ’’ whom you never knew—neither you nor your forefathers.
If one shall incite you, your brother—son of your mother—or your son or your daughter, or the wife of your bosom, or your neighbor who is your soul mate, clandestinely, saying, ‘‘Let us go and serve other gods ’’ whom you never knew—neither you nor your forefathers.
Rashi
אחיך. מֵאָב:
Your brother. Paternally, or —
אוֹ בן אמך. מֵאֵם:
Your mother’s son. Maternally.
חיקך. הַשּׁוֹכֶבֶת בְּחֵיקְךָ וּמְחֻקָּה בְּךָ, אפקיי"דא בְּלַעַז, וְכֵן (יחזקאל מ"ג), "וּמֵחֵיק הָאָרֶץ" – מִיסוֹד הַתָּקוּעַ בָּאָרֶץ:
Your bosom. Who reclines in your bosom, and is wrapped up with you. Afichiede in Old French. Similarly, “And from the area wrapped in the earth” — from the foundation embedded in the earth.
אשר כנפשך. זֶה אָבִיךָ, פֵּרֵשׁ לְךָ הַכָּתוּב אֶת הַחֲבִיבִין לְךָ, קַ"וָ לַאֲחֵרִים:
Who is your soul mate. This refers to your father. Scripture specifies those whom you cherish — certainly with others.
בסתר. דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בַּהוֹוֶה, שֶׁאֵין דִּבְרֵי מֵסִית אֶלָּא בַּסֵּתֶר, וְכֵן שְׁלֹמֹה הוּא אוֹמֵר (משלי ז') "בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם בְּאִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה":
Clandestinely. Scripture depicts ordinary circumstances. The seducer will ordinarily only deliver his message clandestinely. Similarly, Solomon says, “In the evening, when day has darkened into night, in the black of night and murkiness.”
אשר לא ידעת אתה ואבתיך. דָּבָר זֶה גְּנַאי גָּדוֹל הוּא לְךָ – שֶׁאַף הָאֻמּוֹת אֵין מַנִּיחִין מַה שֶּׁמָּסְרוּ לָהֶם אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר לְךָ עֲזֹב מַה שֶּׁמָּסְרוּ לְךָ אֲבוֹתֶיךָ (ספרי):
Whom you never knew, neither you nor your forefathers. This is something extremely degrading to you, for even the Gentile nations do not abandon their forefathers’ tradition; yet, he tells you ‘Abandon your forefathers’ tradition’!
מֵאֱלֹהֵי הָֽעַמִּים אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבֹתֵיכֶם הַקְּרֹבִים אֵלֶיךָ אוֹ הָרְחֹקִים מִמֶּךָּ מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵה הָאָֽרֶץ׃
From the gods of the nations that surround you, who are near you or at a distance from you, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the earth,
From the gods of the nations that surround you, who are near you or at a distance from you, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the earth,
Rashi
הקרבים אליך או הרחקים. לָמָּה פֵּרֵט קְרוֹבִים וּרְחוֹקִים? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר הַכָּתוּב: מִטִּיבָן שֶׁל קְרוֹבִים אַתָּה לָמֵד טִיבָן שֶׁל רְחוֹקִים, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֵין מַמָּשׁ בַּקְּרוֹבִים, כָּךְ אֵין מַמָּשׁ בָּרְחוֹקִים (סנהדרין ס"א):
Who are near you or at a distance. Why specify “near” and “distant”? Rather, Scripture states the following: By the nature of those nearby, you may learn the nature of those at distance. Just as those nearby are empty of substance, so are those distant insubstantial.
מקצה הארץ. זוֹ חַמָּה וּלְבָנָה וּצְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם שֶׁהֵן מְהַלְּכִין מִסּוֹף הָעוֹלָם וְעַד סוֹפוֹ (ספרי):
From the ends of the earth. This refers to the sun, the moon, and the heavenly hosts, which traverse the world from end to end.
לֹא־תֹאבֶה לוֹ וְלֹא תִשְׁמַע אֵלָיו וְלֹא־תָחוֹס עֵֽינְךָ עָלָיו וְלֹֽא־תַחְמֹל וְלֹֽא־תְכַסֶּה עָלָֽיו׃
Do not be favorbly inclined towards him, and do not listen to him; and do not view him compassionately, and do not take pity and do not cover for him.
Do not be favorbly inclined towards him, and do not listen to him; and do not view him compassionately, and do not take pity and do not cover for him.
Rashi
לא תאבה לו. לֹא תְהֵא תָאֵב לוֹ, לֹא תֶּאֱהָבֶנּוּ, לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא י"ט) וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ – אֶת זֶה לֹא תֶאֱהַב:
Do not be favorably inclined towards him. Do not be inclined towards him, do not love him. Because it is said, “Love your fellow as yourself” — here, do not love him.
ולא תשמע אליו. בְּהִתְחַנְּנוֹ עַל נַפְשׁוֹ לִמְחֹל לוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כ"ג) עָזֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ – לָזֶה לֹא תַעֲזֹב:
Do not listen to him. When he begs for his life, for forgiveness. Because it is said, “Lay aside [your hatred of him] and assist him” — here, do not lay aside [your hatred].
ולא תחוס עינך עליו. לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא י"ט) לֹא תַעֲמֹד עַל דַּם רֵעֶךָ – עַל זֶה לֹא תָחֹס:
Do not view him compassionately. Because it is said, “Do not stand by at the spilling of your brother’s blood” — here, have no compassion.
ולא תחמל. לֹא תַהֲפֹךְ בִּזְכוּתוֹ:
Do not take pity. Do not extend yourself to exonerate him.
ולא תכסה עליו. אִם אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ לוֹ חוֹבָה אֵינְךָ רַשַּׁאי לִשְׁתֹּק (ספרי):
Do not cover for him. If you have incriminating information, you are not permitted to keep silent.
כִּי הָרֹג תַּֽהַרְגֶנּוּ יָדְךָ תִּֽהְיֶה־בּוֹ בָרִֽאשׁוֹנָה לַהֲמִיתוֹ וְיַד כׇּל־הָעָם בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃
For you must surely execute him. Let your hand strike him first to execute him, and the hand of the entire people afterward.
For you must surely execute him. Let your hand strike him first to execute him, and the hand of the entire people afterward.
Rashi
כי הרג תהרגנו. אִם יָצָא מִבֵּ"דִּ זַכַּאי הַחֲזִירֵהוּ לְחוֹבָה, יָצָא מִבֵּית דִּין חַיָּב אַל תַּחֲזִירֵהוּ לִזְכוּת (שם):
For you must surely execute him. If the court found him innocent, retry him to incriminate him; but if the court found him guilty, do not retry him to exonerate him.
ידך תהיה בו בראשונה. מִצְוָה בְּיַד הַנִּסָּת לַהֲמִיתוֹ. לֹא מֵת בְּיָדוֹ, יָמוּת בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ויד כל העם וגו' (עי' ספרי):
Let your hand strike him first. It is a mitzvah for the object of his seduction to execute him. If he did not succeed in killing him, then others must perform the execution, as it is said, “The hand of all the people, etc.”
וּסְקַלְתּוֹ בָאֲבָנִים וָמֵת כִּי בִקֵּשׁ לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ מֵעַל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִֽים׃
And you are to stone him with stones so that he dies, for he sought to mislead you from Adonoy, your God, Who took you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery.
And you are to stone him with stones so that he dies, for he sought to mislead you from Adonoy, your God, Who took you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery.
וְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל יִשְׁמְעוּ וְיִֽרָאוּן וְלֹֽא־יוֹסִפוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ {ס}
And all of Yisroel will hear and will fear, and they will not proceed to do so evil a thing as this, within you.
And all of Yisroel will hear and will fear, and they will not proceed to do so evil a thing as this, within you.
כי יסיתך. אֵין הֲסָתָה אֶלָּא גֵּרוּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ש"מ כ"ו) אִם ה' הֱסִיתְךָ בִּי, אנסיטר"א בְּלַעַז, שֶׁמַּשִּׂיאוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן:
If . . . should incite you. The word הֲסָתָה always denotes inciting, as it is said, “If Adonoy has incited you against me.” Ametra, “seduce” in Old French. He seduces him into performing the act.