Tanach
Devarim 14:22-27 דברים י״ד:כ״ב-כ״ז
Part of: Re'ehRe'eh, Aliyah 5Chapter 14
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר אֵת כׇּל־תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ הַיֹּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה שָׁנָה שָׁנָֽה׃
You must surely tithe all the produce of your planting, that your field yields on a yearly basis.
You must surely tithe all the produce of your planting, that your field yields on a yearly basis.
Rashi
שנה שנה. מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִין מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן (ספרי):
On a yearly basis. From here it is derived that one may not use the new crop as tithe for the old.
וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ׀ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם מַעְשַׂר דְּגָֽנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וּבְכֹרֹת בְּקָרְךָ וְצֹאנֶךָ לְמַעַן תִּלְמַד לְיִרְאָה אֶת־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃
You shall eat in the presence of Adonoy, your God, in the place He chooses to house His Presence there—the tithe of your grain, your wine, and your olive oil, and the firstborn of your cattle and flocks; in order that you learn to fear Adonoy, your God, all the years.
You shall eat in the presence of Adonoy, your God, in the place He chooses to house His Presence there—the tithe of your grain, your wine, and your olive oil, and the firstborn of your cattle and flocks; in order that you learn to fear Adonoy, your God, all the years.
Rashi
ואכלת וגו'. זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. שֶׁכְּבָר לִמְּדָנוּ לִתֵּן מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַלְוִיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תִקְחוּ מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ'" (במדבר י"ח) וְנָתַן לָהֶם רְשׁוּת לְאָכְלוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אֹתוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם" (שם י"ח), עַל כָּרְחֲךָ זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר אַחֵר הוּא:
You shall eat, etc. This refers to the second tithe, for we have already been taught to give the first tithe to the Levites, as it is said, “When you receive, from the Israelites, etc.” And they are permitted to eat it anywhere, as it is said, “You may eat it anywhere.” Obviously, then, this refers to a different tithe.
וְכִֽי־יִרְבֶּה מִמְּךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ כִּי לֹא תוּכַל שְׂאֵתוֹ כִּֽי־יִרְחַק מִמְּךָ הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָשׂוּם שְׁמוֹ שָׁם כִּי יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
If the journey will be beyond you; if you will be unable to carry it because the place is distant for you where Adonoy, your God, chooses to set His Presence there, for Adonoy, your God, has blessed you—
If the journey will be beyond you; if you will be unable to carry it because the place is distant for you where Adonoy, your God, chooses to set His Presence there, for Adonoy, your God, has blessed you—
Rashi
כי יברכך. שֶׁתְּהֵא הַתְּבוּאָה מְרֻבָּה לָשֵׂאת:
For . . . has blessed you. So that the grain is too abundant to carry.
וְנָתַתָּה בַּכָּסֶף וְצַרְתָּ הַכֶּסֶף בְּיָדְךָ וְהָֽלַכְתָּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּֽוֹ׃
you will substitute coins. You will bundle the coins in your hand, and will go to the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses.
you will substitute coins. You will bundle the coins in your hand, and will go to the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses.
וְנָתַתָּה הַכֶּסֶף בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן וּבַיַּיִן וּבַשֵּׁכָר וּבְכֹל אֲשֶׁר תִּֽשְׁאָלְךָ נַפְשֶׁךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ שָּׁם לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְשָׂמַחְתָּ אַתָּה וּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃
You will spend the money for anything you desire—for cattle, sheep, wine, intoxicating liquor—and for anything that you wish; and you will eat there in the presence of Adonoy, your God, and will rejoice, you and your household.
You will spend the money for anything you desire—for cattle, sheep, wine, intoxicating liquor—and for anything that you wish; and you will eat there in the presence of Adonoy, your God, and will rejoice, you and your household.
Rashi
בכל אשר תאוה נפשך – כְּלָל:
For anything you desire. This is a general statement.
בבקר ובצאן וביין ובשכר – פְּרָט:
For cattle, flocks, wine, intoxicating liquor. This is specific.
ובכל אשר תשאלך נפשך – חָזַר וְכָלַל, מַה הַפְּרָט מְפֹרָשׁ וְלַד וַלְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ וְרָאוּי לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם וְכוּ' (עירובין כ"ז):
And for anything that you wish. This is a return to the general. Just as the specific statement refers explicitly to the earth’s progeny which is suitable for human consumption, etc.
וְהַלֵּוִי אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ לֹא תַֽעַזְבֶנּוּ כִּי אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִמָּֽךְ׃ {ס}
And the Levite who is in your city, you must not abandon; since he has no portion or inheritance with you.
And the Levite who is in your city, you must not abandon; since he has no portion or inheritance with you.
Rashi
והלוי, לא תעזבנו. מִלִּתֵּן לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן:
And the Levite, etc., you must not abandon. By neglecting to give him the first tithe.
כי אין לו חלק ונחלה עמך. יָצְאוּ לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה וְהֶפְקֵר, שֶׁאַף הוּא יֵשׁ לוֹ חֵלֶק עִמְּךָ בָּהֶן כָּמוֹךָ, וְאֵינָן חַיָּבִין בְּמַעֲשֵׂר:
Since he has no portion or inheritance with you. This excludes the gleaning, forgotten sheaves, and edge of the field gifts, and abandoned produce, since his share in them is equivalent to yours. Hence, they are exempt from tithing.
לא תבשל גדי … עשר תעשר. מָה עִנְיַן זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה? אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּבָּ"ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: אַל תִּגְרְמוּ לִי לְבַשֵּׁל גְּדָיִים שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה עַד שֶׁהֵן בִּמְעֵי אִמּוֹתֵיהֶן, שֶׁאִם אֵין אַתֶּם מְעַשְּׂרִים מַעַשְׂרוֹת כָּרָאוּי כְּשֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לְהִתְבַּשֵּׁל אֲנִי מוֹצִיא רוּחַ קָדִים וְהִיא מְשַׁדַּפְתָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב י"ט) "וּשְׁדֵפָה לִפְנֵי קָמָה", וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן בִּכּוּרִים (פסיק' ר'; תנחומא):
Do not cook a kid, etc. You must surely tithe. What is the relationship between the two subjects? The Holy One, may He be blessed, said to Yisroel, ‘Do not cause Me to cook the young shoots of your crops while still in their mothers’ innards, for, if you do not tithe properly, just before their ripening I shall summon the east wind and batter them, as it is said, “battered before becoming standing grain.” Similarly, with regard to the bikurim-gift.