Tanach
Devarim 19:1-10 דברים י״ט:א׳-י׳
Part of: ShoftimShoftim, Aliyah 5Chapter 19
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
כִּֽי־יַכְרִית יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ אֶת־אַרְצָם וִֽירִשְׁתָּם וְיָשַׁבְתָּ בְעָרֵיהֶם וּבְבָתֵּיהֶֽם׃
When Adonoy, your God, annihilates the nations whose land Adonoy, your God is giving you; and you inherit them and live in their cities and in their houses;
When Adonoy, your God, annihilates the nations whose land Adonoy, your God is giving you; and you inherit them and live in their cities and in their houses;
שָׁלוֹשׁ עָרִים תַּבְדִּיל לָךְ בְּתוֹךְ אַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃
Separate three cities for yourself, within your land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you to inherit.
Separate three cities for yourself, within your land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you to inherit.
תָּכִין לְךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ אֶת־גְּבוּל אַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר יַנְחִֽילְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְהָיָה לָנוּס שָׁמָּה כׇּל־רֹצֵֽחַ׃
Ready the route for yourself and divide the borders of your land into three sections that Adonoy, your God, will allot you; this will serve for any murderer to flee there.
Ready the route for yourself and divide the borders of your land into three sections that Adonoy, your God, will allot you; this will serve for any murderer to flee there.
Rashi
ושלשת את גבול ארצך. שֶׁיְּהֵא מִתְּחִלַּת הַגְּבוּל עַד הָעִיר הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל עָרֵי מִקְלָט כְּשִׁעוּר מַהֲלָךְ שֶׁיֵּשׁ מִמֶּנָּה עַד הַשְּׁנִיָּה וְכֵן מִשְּׁנִיָּה לַשְּׁלִישִׁית וְכֵן מִן הַשְּׁלִישִׁית עַד הַגְּבוּל הַשֵּׁנִי שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (שם ט'):
Divide the borders of your land into three sections. The distance from the border until the first of the refuge cities should be equivalent to the travelling distance between that city and the second; so, from the second to the third; and so from the third to the opposite border of Eretz Yisroel.
וְזֶה דְּבַר הָרֹצֵחַ אֲשֶׁר־יָנוּס שָׁמָּה וָחָי אֲשֶׁר יַכֶּה אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בִּבְלִי־דַעַת וְהוּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵא לוֹ מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם׃
And this is the matter of the murderer who may flee there to survive: whoever smites his peer without intent, and he had not been his enemy yesterday [or] the day before;
And this is the matter of the murderer who may flee there to survive: whoever smites his peer without intent, and he had not been his enemy yesterday [or] the day before;
וַאֲשֶׁר יָבֹא אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בַיַּעַר לַחְטֹב עֵצִים וְנִדְּחָה יָדוֹ בַגַּרְזֶן לִכְרֹת הָעֵץ וְנָשַׁל הַבַּרְזֶל מִן־הָעֵץ וּמָצָא אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ וָמֵת הוּא יָנוּס אֶל־אַחַת הֶעָרִים־הָאֵלֶּה וָחָֽי׃
And whoever comes with his peer into the woods to chop trees, and as his hand swung the axe downward to cut the wood the iron flew off the wooden handle and encounters his peer and he dies; he is to flee to one of these cities to survive.
And whoever comes with his peer into the woods to chop trees, and as his hand swung the axe downward to cut the wood the iron flew off the wooden handle and encounters his peer and he dies; he is to flee to one of these cities to survive.
Rashi
ונדחה ידו. כְּשֶׁבָּא לְהַפִּיל הַגַּרְזֶן עַל הָעֵץ, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְתִתְמְרֵיג יְדֵיהּ", לְשׁוֹן וְנִשְׁמְטָה יָדוֹ לְהַפִּיל מַכַּת הַגַּרְזֶן עַל הָעֵץ, "כִּי שָׁמְטוּ הַבָּקָר" (שמואל ב ו') תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן "אֲרֵי מַרְגוּהִי תּוֹרַיָּא":
And as his hand swung. . .downward. As he lowered the axe over the tree. Targum [Onkelos] renders וְתִתְמְרֵיג יְדֵהּ, meaning “his hand was lowered” to strike a downward blow with the axe onto the tree. “For the cattle lowered it,” Yonasan renders, אֲרֵי מְרַגוּהִי תּוֹרַיָּא .
ונשל הברזל מן העץ. יֵשׁ מֵרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אוֹמְרִים נִשְׁמַט הַבַּרְזֶל מִקַּתּוֹ, וְיֵש מֵהֶם אוֹמְרִים שֶׁיִּשַּׁל הַבַּרְזֶל חֲתִיכָה מִן הָעֵץ הַמִּתְבַּקֵּעַ וְהִיא נִתְּזָה וְהָרְגָה (מכות ז'):
The iron flew off the wooden handle. Some Rabbis say that the iron flew off the handle. But some say that the iron loosened a chip from the tree being chipped. This flew off, and caused the death.
פֶּן־יִרְדֹּף גֹּאֵל הַדָּם אַחֲרֵי הָרֹצֵחַ כִּי־יֵחַם לְבָבוֹ וְהִשִּׂיגוֹ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּה הַדֶּרֶךְ וְהִכָּהוּ נָפֶשׁ וְלוֹ אֵין מִשְׁפַּט־מָוֶת כִּי לֹא שֹׂנֵא הוּא לוֹ מִתְּמוֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃
Lest the blood-redeemer pursue the murderer when his heart grows heated, and he catches up with him over the length of the road and he smite him dead when he has no death sentence because he had not been his enemy yesterday [or] the day before.
Lest the blood-redeemer pursue the murderer when his heart grows heated, and he catches up with him over the length of the road and he smite him dead when he has no death sentence because he had not been his enemy yesterday [or] the day before.
Rashi
פן ירדף גאל הדם. לְכָךְ אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לְהָכִין לְךָ דֶּרֶךְ וְעָרֵי מִקְלָט רַבִּים:
Lest the blood-redeemer pursue. This is why I am instructing you to ready the route, and [why there are] numerous refuge cites.
עַל־כֵּן אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ לֵאמֹר שָׁלֹשׁ עָרִים תַּבְדִּיל לָֽךְ׃
Therefore am I commanding you the following: three cities shall you separate for yourself.
Therefore am I commanding you the following: three cities shall you separate for yourself.
וְאִם־יַרְחִיב יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת־גְּבֻלְךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע לַאֲבֹתֶיךָ וְנָתַן לְךָ אֶת־כׇּל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר לָתֵת לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃
And when Adonoy, your God, expands your boundary, in accordance with His oath to your forefathers, and He give you the entire land that He promised to give to your forefathers,
And when Adonoy, your God, expands your boundary, in accordance with His oath to your forefathers, and He give you the entire land that He promised to give to your forefathers,
Rashi
ואם ירחיב … כאשר נשבע. לָתֵת לְךָ אֶרֶץ קֵינִי וּקְנִזִּי וְקַדְמוֹנִי:
When [God] expands . . . in accordance with His oath. To give you the land of the Keini, Kenizi, and Kadmoni.
כִּֽי־תִשְׁמֹר אֶת־כׇּל־הַמִּצְוָה הַזֹּאת לַעֲשֹׂתָהּ אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם לְאַהֲבָה אֶת־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְלָלֶכֶת בִּדְרָכָיו כׇּל־הַיָּמִים וְיָסַפְתָּ לְךָ עוֹד שָׁלֹשׁ עָרִים עַל הַשָּׁלֹשׁ הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
When you will be guarding this entire mitzvah to fulfill it, that I am commanding you today, to love Adonoy, your God, and to go in His ways for all time; then you shall add three more cities to these three.
When you will be guarding this entire mitzvah to fulfill it, that I am commanding you today, to love Adonoy, your God, and to go in His ways for all time; then you shall add three more cities to these three.
Rashi
ויספת לך עוד שלש. הֲרֵי תֵשַׁע, שָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְשָׁלוֹשׁ שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וְשָׁלוֹשׁ לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא (ספרי):
You shall add three more. Making nine — three across the Yardein, three in the land of Canaan, and three in the time destined to come.
וְלֹא יִשָּׁפֵךְ דָּם נָקִי בְּקֶרֶב אַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה וְהָיָה עָלֶיךָ דָּמִֽים׃ {פ}
And let innocent blood not be shed within your land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory, [otherwise] you will bear liability for the blood.
And let innocent blood not be shed within your land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory, [otherwise] you will bear liability for the blood.
תכין לך הדרך. "מִקְלָט", "מִקְלָט" הָיָה כָתוּב עַל פָּרָשַׁת דְּרָכִים (מכות י'):
Ready the route. Refuge! Refuge! was emblazoned at every fork in the road.