Tanach
Devarim 28:15-68 דברים כ״ח:ט״ו-ס״ח
Part of: Ki TavoKi Tavo, Aliyah 6Chapter 28
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וְהָיָה אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמַע בְּקוֹל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺתָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כׇּל־הַקְּלָלוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגֽוּךָ׃
Should you not obey Adonoy, your God, to guard to perform all His commandments and His statutes that I am commanding you today; then all these curses will come upon you and will reach you.
Should you not obey Adonoy, your God, to guard to perform all His commandments and His statutes that I am commanding you today; then all these curses will come upon you and will reach you.
אָרוּר אַתָּה בָּעִיר וְאָרוּר אַתָּה בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃
Cursed are you in the city and cursed are you in the field.
Cursed are you in the city and cursed are you in the field.
אָרוּר טַנְאֲךָ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃
Cursed is your [fruit] basket and cursed are your solid foods.
Cursed is your [fruit] basket and cursed are your solid foods.
אָרוּר פְּרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתֶךָ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶֽךָ׃
Cursed is the fruit of your belly and the produce of your soil, the calves of your cattle and the flocks of your sheep and goats.
Cursed is the fruit of your belly and the produce of your soil, the calves of your cattle and the flocks of your sheep and goats.
אָרוּר אַתָּה בְּבֹאֶךָ וְאָרוּר אַתָּה בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ׃
Cursed are you upon your arrival and cursed are you upon your departure.
Cursed are you upon your arrival and cursed are you upon your departure.
יְשַׁלַּח יְהֹוָה ׀ בְּךָ אֶת־הַמְּאֵרָה אֶת־הַמְּהוּמָה וְאֶת־הַמִּגְעֶרֶת בְּכׇל־מִשְׁלַח יָדְךָ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה עַד הִשָּׁמֶדְךָ וְעַד־אֲבׇדְךָ מַהֵר מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַֽעֲלָלֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר עֲזַבְתָּֽנִי׃
Adonoy will visit upon you ruin, panic, and frustration in all the endeavors you undertake, until you are destroyed and until you are swiftly removed because of the wickedness of your deeds [in] that you forsook Me.
Adonoy will visit upon you ruin, panic, and frustration in all the endeavors you undertake, until you are destroyed and until you are swiftly removed because of the wickedness of your deeds [in] that you forsook Me.
Rashi
המהומה. שִׁגּוּשׁ, קוֹל בֶּהָלוֹת:
Panic. Dismay, the roar of confusion.
יַדְבֵּק יְהֹוָה בְּךָ אֶת־הַדָּבֶר עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹֽתְךָ מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃
Adonoy will attach the plague to you until He exterminates you from upon the land that you are coming there to inherit.
Adonoy will attach the plague to you until He exterminates you from upon the land that you are coming there to inherit.
יַכְּכָה יְהֹוָה בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר וּבַחֶרֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפוֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן וּרְדָפוּךָ עַד אׇבְדֶֽךָ׃
Adonoy will smite you with blistering and with searing temperature, and with raging fever, and with charchur, and with the sword, and with wind-blight, and with yellowing; and they will chase you until your annihilation.
Adonoy will smite you with blistering and with searing temperature, and with raging fever, and with charchur, and with the sword, and with wind-blight, and with yellowing; and they will chase you until your annihilation.
Rashi
בשחפת. שֶׁבְּשָׂרוֹ נִשְׁחָף וְנָפוּחַ:
With blistering. Whereby the flesh swells and blisters.
ובקדחת. לְשׁוֹן "כִּי אֵשׁ קָדְחָה בְאַפִּי" (דברים ל"ב), וְהוּא אֵשׁ שֶׁל חוֹלִים, מלו"וי בְּלַעַז, שֶׁהִיא חַמָּה מְאֹד:
Searing temperature. Meaning the same as “For a flame sears my nostrils,” which refers to the fever of the diseased. Malweid in Old French, which is extremely hot.
ובדלקת. חַמָּה יוֹתֵר מִקַּדַּחַת, וּמִינֵי חֳלָאִים הֵם:
Raging fever. Hotter than קַדַּחַת — searing temperature. These are various diseases.
ובחרחר. חֹלִי הַמְחַמְמוֹ תּוֹךְ הַגּוּף וְצָמֵא תָּמִיד לַמַּיִם, וּבְלַעַז אישטרד"ימנט, לְשׁוֹן "וְעַצְמִי חָרָה מִנִּי חֹרֶב" (איוב ל') "נָחַר מַפֻּחַ מֵאֵשׁ" (ירמיהו ו'):
With charchur. A disease whereby the fever penetrates throughout the body, causing constant thirst. In Old French, Esardement. This means the same as “My bones have become parched with heat,” “The bellows are shrivelled by fire.”
ובחרב. יָבִיא עָלֶיךְ גְּיָסוֹת:
With the sword. He will incite armed forces against you.
ובשדפון ובירקון. מַכַּת תְּבוּאָה שֶׁבַּשָּׂדוֹת:
With wind-blight and yellowing. Injury to the crops in the field. Wind-blight. The east wind, Hasle in Old French.
שדפון. רוּחַ קָדִים, אשלי"דה בְּלַעַז:
ירקון. יֹבֶשׁ, וּפְנֵי הַתְּבוּאָה מַכְסִיפִין וְנֶהְפָּכִין לְיֵרָקוֹן, קמ"א (נ"א — קרו"א) בְּלַעַז:
Yellowing. Withering, whereby the produce pales and turns yellow. Cro in Old French.
עד אבדך. תַּרְגּוּם "עַד דְּתֵיבָד", כְּלוֹמַר עַד אֲבֹד אוֹתְךָ — שֶׁתִּכְלֶה מֵאֵלֶיךָ:
Until your annihilation. Targum: עַד דְּתֵיבָד, meaning until the annihilation of you, until you are annihilated of yourself.
וְהָיוּ שָׁמֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ נְחֹשֶׁת וְהָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּיךָ בַּרְזֶֽל׃
And the heavens above your head will be like copper and the earth that is beneath you, iron.
And the heavens above your head will be like copper and the earth that is beneath you, iron.
Rashi
והיו שמיך אשר על ראשך נחשת. קְלָלוֹת הַלָּלוּ מֹשֶׁה מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ אֲמָרָן, וְשֶׁבְּהַר סִינַי מִפִּי הַקָּבָּ"ה אֲמָרָן, כְּמַשְׁמָעָן, וְכֵן נֶאֱמַר (ויקרא כ"ו) "וְאִם לֹא תִשְׁמְעוּ לִי … וְאִם תֵּלְכוּ עִמִּי קֶרִי", וְכָאן הוּא אוֹמֵר "בְּקוֹל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ … יַדְבֵּק ה' בְּךָ … יַכְּכָה ה'", הֵקֵל מֹשֶׁה בְקִלְלוֹתָיו לְאָמְרָן בִּלְשׁוֹן יָחִיד. וְגַם כֵּן בִּקְלָלָה זוֹ הֵקֵל, שֶׁבָּרִאשׁוֹנוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר "אֶת שְׁמֵיכֶם כַּבַּרְזֶל וְאֶת אַרְצְכֶם כַּנְּחֻשָּׁה" — שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם מַזִּיעִין כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֵין הַבַּרְזֶל מַזִּיעַ וּמִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ יְהִי חֹרֶב בָּעוֹלָם וְהָאָרֶץ תְּהִי מַזַּעַת כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהַנְּחֹשֶׁת מַזִּיעַ וְהִיא מַרְקֶבֶת פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ, וְכָאן הוּא אוֹמֵר "שָׁמֶיךָ נְחֹשֶׁת וְאַרְצְךָ בַּרְזֶל" — שֶׁיִהְיוּ שָׁמַיִם מַזִּיעִין, אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁלֹּא יָרִיקוּ מָטָר, מִכָּל מָקוֹם לֹא יִהְיֶה חֹרֶב שֶׁל אֲבַדּוֹן בָּעוֹלָם, וְהָאָרֶץ לֹא תִהְיֶה מַזִּיעָה, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֵין הַבַּרְזֶל מַזִּיעַ, וְאֵין הַפֵּרוֹת מַרְקִיבִין, וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם קְלָלָה הִיא, בֵּין שֶׁהִיא כַּנְּחֹשֶׁת בֵּין שֶׁהִיא כַבַּרְזֶל לֹא תוֹצִיא פֵּרוֹת, וְכֵן הַשָּׁמַיִם לֹא יָרִיקוּ מָטָר (ספרא ויקרא כ"ו):
The heavens above your head will be like copper. These curses Moshe articulated himself, while those at Mount Sinai, by the word of God he (Moshe) pronounced them, as indicated by the text: there, it is said, “If you do not heed ‘Me’.” “If you relate to ‘Me’ in a fickle way.” Here, however, it says, “to the voice of ‘Adonoy, your God’,” “‘Adonoy’ shall attach to you” “‘Adonoy’ shall strike you.” Moshe moderated his curses by expressing them in the singular form. He also moderated this curse, for in the first ones, it states, “your heavens like iron and your land like copper.” The heavens will not secrete moisture, just as iron does not secrete moisture, so that the world will subsequently suffer from drought. But the land will secrete moisture, just as copper secretes moisture, so that its produce will rot. Here, however, it says, ‘Your heavens copper and your land iron,’ the heavens will secrete moisture. Although they will not pour rain, still, there won’t be a ruinous drought in the world. And the land will not secrete moisture, just as iron does not secrete moisture, so that the produce will not rot. Still, this is a curse. Whether it is like copper or like iron, it will not produce fruit. Similarly, the heavens will not pour rain.
יִתֵּן יְהֹוָה אֶת־מְטַר אַרְצְךָ אָבָק וְעָפָר מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם יֵרֵד עָלֶיךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃
Adonoy will make the rain of your land into dust and soil; from the sky will it come down upon you until you are destroyed.
Adonoy will make the rain of your land into dust and soil; from the sky will it come down upon you until you are destroyed.
Rashi
מטר ארצך אבק ועפר. "זִיקָא דְבָתַר מִטְרָא", מָטָר יוֹרֵד וְלֹא כָל צָרְכּוֹ, וְאֵין בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְהַרְבִּיץ אֶת הֶעָפָר, וְהָרוּחַ בָּאָה וּמַעֲלָה אֶת הָאָבָק וּמְכַסֶּה אֶת עֵשֶׂב הַזְּרָעִים שֶׁהֵם לַחִים מִן הַמַּיִם וְנִדְבָּק בָּהֶם, וְנַעֲשֶׂה טִיט וּמִתְיַבֵּשׁ וּמַרְקִיבִין (תענית ג'):
The rain of your land into dust and soil. When the wind follows a rainfall. The rain falls, but insufficiently, not enough to settle the dust. The wind follows and lifts the dust, so that it blankets the shoots of the seeds which were moistened by the water. It becomes attached to them and turns to mud, and they wither and rot.
יִתֶּנְךָ יְהֹוָה ׀ נִגָּף לִפְנֵי אֹיְבֶיךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד תֵּצֵא אֵלָיו וּבְשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים תָּנוּס לְפָנָיו וְהָיִיתָ לְזַֽעֲוָה לְכֹל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Adonoy will set you smitten before your enemies. By one road will you go out toward them and by seven roads will you flee before them; and you will be a cause of shuddering for all the kingdoms of the earth.
Adonoy will set you smitten before your enemies. By one road will you go out toward them and by seven roads will you flee before them; and you will be a cause of shuddering for all the kingdoms of the earth.
Rashi
לזעוה. לְאֵימָה וּלְזִיעַ, שֶׁיָּזוּעוּ כָּל שׁוֹמְעֵי מַכּוֹתֶיךָ מִמְּךָ וְיֹאמְרוּ "אוֹי לָנוּ שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא עָלֵינוּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁבָּא עַל אֵלּוּ":
A cause of shuddering. Terror and shuddering. Anyone learning of your injuries will shudder because of you, and exclaim, “Woe to us! Let this not befall us the way it befell them”!
וְהָיְתָה נִבְלָֽתְךָ לְמַֽאֲכָל לְכׇל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּלְבֶהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ וְאֵין מַחֲרִֽיד׃
Your corpse will be food for every bird of the sky and for the animals of the earth; with no one to scare [them].
Your corpse will be food for every bird of the sky and for the animals of the earth; with no one to scare [them].
יַכְּכָה יְהֹוָה בִּשְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם (ובעפלים) [וּבַטְּחֹרִים] וּבַגָּרָב וּבֶחָרֶס אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵֽא׃
Adonoy will plague you with Egyptian boils and with hemorroids and with running and dry boils; from which you will be unable to be healed.
Adonoy will plague you with Egyptian boils and with hemorroids and with running and dry boils; from which you will be unable to be healed.
Rashi
בשחין מצרים. רַע הָיָה מְאֹד, לַח מִבִּפְנִים וְיָבֵשׁ מִבַּחוּץ, כִּדְאִיתָא בִּבְכוֹרוֹת (דף מ"א):
With Egyptian boils. Extremely pernicious, moist outside and dry inside, as stated in [tractate] Bechoros.
גרב. שְׁחִין לַח:
With running boils. Wet boils.
חרס. שְׁחִין יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶס:
Dry boils. Boils that are dry, like ceramics.
יַכְּכָה יְהֹוָה בְּשִׁגָּעוֹן וּבְעִוָּרוֹן וּבְתִמְהוֹן לֵבָֽב׃
Adonoy will plague you with insanity and with blindness, and with utter confusion.
Adonoy will plague you with insanity and with blindness, and with utter confusion.
Rashi
ובתמהון לבב. אֹטֶם הַלֵּב, אשטור"דישון בְּלַעַז:
And with utter confusion. Stupefaction. Estordison in Old French.
וְהָיִיתָ מְמַשֵּׁשׁ בַּֽצׇּהֳרַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר יְמַשֵּׁשׁ הַֽעִוֵּר בָּאֲפֵלָה וְלֹא תַצְלִיחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶיךָ וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ עָשׁוּק וְגָזוּל כׇּל־הַיָּמִים וְאֵין מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃
You will grope at midday the way a blind man gropes in the darkness, and you will not succeed your ways; you will be only the victim of wrangling and robbed all the days with no savior.
You will grope at midday the way a blind man gropes in the darkness, and you will not succeed your ways; you will be only the victim of wrangling and robbed all the days with no savior.
Rashi
עשוק. בְּכָל מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יִהְיֶה עִרְעוּר:
The victim of wrangling. Whatever you do will be subject to altercation.
אִשָּׁה תְאָרֵשׂ וְאִישׁ אַחֵר (ישגלנה) [יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה] בַּיִת תִּבְנֶה וְלֹא־תֵשֵׁב בּוֹ כֶּרֶם תִּטַּע וְלֹא תְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃
A woman will you marry and another man will lie with her; a house will you build and will not live in it; a vineyard will you plant and will not redeem it[s fruit].
A woman will you marry and another man will lie with her; a house will you build and will not live in it; a vineyard will you plant and will not redeem it[s fruit].
Rashi
ישגלנה. לְשׁוֹן שֵׁגַל, פִּלֶגֶשׁ, וְהַכָּתוּב כִּנָּהוּ לְשֶׁבַח ישכבנה, וְתִקּוּן סוֹפְרִים הוּא זֶה:
Will lie with her. The meaning is related to “mistress,” “concubine,” but Scripture prefers a more refined term, “Will lie with her.” This is the kind of refinement made by scribes.
תחללנו. בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית לֶאֱכֹל פִּרְיוֹ (מגילה כ"ה):
Redeem it. During the fourth year, in order to eat its fruit.
שׁוֹרְךָ טָבוּחַ לְעֵינֶיךָ וְלֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ חֲמֹֽרְךָ גָּזוּל מִלְּפָנֶיךָ וְלֹא יָשׁוּב לָךְ צֹֽאנְךָ נְתֻנוֹת לְאֹיְבֶיךָ וְאֵין לְךָ מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃
Your ox [will be] butchered before your eyes, and you will not eat of it; your ass [will be] robbed in your presence and will not return to you; your flocks [will be] given to your enemies, and you have no savior.
Your ox [will be] butchered before your eyes, and you will not eat of it; your ass [will be] robbed in your presence and will not return to you; your flocks [will be] given to your enemies, and you have no savior.
בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ נְתֻנִים לְעַם אַחֵר וְעֵינֶיךָ רֹאוֹת וְכָלוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם כׇּל־הַיּוֹם וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶֽךָ׃
Your sons and your daughters [will be] given to another people while your eyes watch and pine for them all day, and your are powerless.
Your sons and your daughters [will be] given to another people while your eyes watch and pine for them all day, and your are powerless.
Rashi
וכלות אליהם. מְצַפּוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁיָּשׁוּבוּ וְאֵינָם שָׁבִים; כָּל תּוֹחֶלֶת שֶׁאֵינָהּ בָּאָה קְרוּיָה כִּלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם:
And pine for them. Yearning for them to return, but they shall never return. Any unfulfilled longing is described as “the pining of eyes.”
פְּרִי אַדְמָֽתְךָ וְכׇל־יְגִיעֲךָ יֹאכַל עַם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדָעְתָּ וְהָיִיתָ רַק עָשׁוּק וְרָצוּץ כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃
The fruit of your soil and all your toil will be eaten by a people that you do not know; and you will be solely oppressed and crushed all the time.
The fruit of your soil and all your toil will be eaten by a people that you do not know; and you will be solely oppressed and crushed all the time.
וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע מִמַּרְאֵה עֵינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶֽה׃
And you will become insane from the sights that you see.
And you will become insane from the sights that you see.
יַכְּכָה יְהֹוָה בִּשְׁחִין רָע עַל־הַבִּרְכַּיִם וְעַל־הַשֹּׁקַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תוּכַל לְהֵרָפֵא מִכַּף רַגְלְךָ וְעַד קׇדְקֳדֶֽךָ׃
Adonoy will plague you with bad boils on the knees and on the legs from which you will be unable to be healed; from the sole of your foot till your skull.
Adonoy will plague you with bad boils on the knees and on the legs from which you will be unable to be healed; from the sole of your foot till your skull.
יוֹלֵךְ יְהֹוָה אֹתְךָ וְאֶֽת־מַלְכְּךָ אֲשֶׁר תָּקִים עָלֶיךָ אֶל־גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶיךָ וְעָבַדְתָּ שָּׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים עֵץ וָאָֽבֶן׃
Adonoy will lead you and your king, whom you will set upon yourself, to a nation that neither you nor your parents knew; and there you will serve other powers [of] wood and stone.
Adonoy will lead you and your king, whom you will set upon yourself, to a nation that neither you nor your parents knew; and there you will serve other powers [of] wood and stone.
וְהָיִיתָ לְשַׁמָּה לְמָשָׁל וְלִשְׁנִינָה בְּכֹל הָֽעַמִּים אֲשֶׁר־יְנַהֶגְךָ יְהֹוָה שָֽׁמָּה׃
You will become an [object of] stupefaction, be cited as an example and become the subject of gossip among all the peoples to whom Adonoy will lead you.
You will become an [object of] stupefaction, be cited as an example and become the subject of gossip among all the peoples to whom Adonoy will lead you.
Rashi
לשמה. כְּמוֹ תִּמָּהוֹן, אש"ו אשטורדישו"ן, כָּל הָרוֹאֶה אוֹתְךָ יִשֹּׁם עָלֶיךָ:
Stupefaction. Similar to utter confusion, Estordison. Anyone who sees you will be stupefied by you.
למשל. כְּשֶׁתָּבֹא מַכָּה רָעָה עַל אָדָם יֹאמְרוּ זוֹ דוֹמָה לְמַכַּת פְּלוֹנִי:
Be cited as an example. If a terrible blow befalls a person, they will say, ‘This is like that person’s blow.’
ולשנינה. לְשׁוֹן "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם" (דברים ו'), יְדַבְּרוּ בְךָ, וְכֵן תַּרְגּוּמוֹ "וּלְשׁוֹעֵי", לְשׁוֹן סִפּוּר וְאִשְׁתָּעִי:
And become the subject of gossip. This means the same as “You shall discuss them.” They will talk about you. Targum’s translation is the same — “ וּלְשׁוֹעֵי,” meaning to relate, “And he related.”
זֶרַע רַב תּוֹצִיא הַשָּׂדֶה וּמְעַט תֶּאֱסֹף כִּי יַחְסְלֶנּוּ הָאַרְבֶּֽה׃
Much seed will you take out to the fields, and little will you gather because the locust will demolish it.
Much seed will you take out to the fields, and little will you gather because the locust will demolish it.
Rashi
יחסלנו. יְכַלֶּנּוּ, וְעַל שֵׁם כָּךְ נִקְרָא חָסִיל, שֶׁמְּכַלֶּה אֶת הַכֹּל:
Will demolish it. Will destroy it. For this reason it is called חָסִיל, [lit.] the demolisher, as it destroys everything.
כְּרָמִים תִּטַּע וְעָבָדְתָּ וְיַיִן לֹֽא־תִשְׁתֶּה וְלֹא תֶאֱגֹר כִּי תֹאכְלֶנּוּ הַתֹּלָֽעַת׃
Vineyards will you plant and labor in, but wine will you not drink nor will you store because worms will consume it.
Vineyards will you plant and labor in, but wine will you not drink nor will you store because worms will consume it.
זֵיתִים יִהְיוּ לְךָ בְּכׇל־גְּבוּלֶךָ וְשֶׁמֶן לֹא תָסוּךְ כִּי יִשַּׁל זֵיתֶֽךָ׃
Olives will you have within your entire boundary, but oil will you not annoint because your olives (trees) will be discarded.
Olives will you have within your entire boundary, but oil will you not annoint because your olives (trees) will be discarded.
Rashi
ישל. יַשִּׁיר פֵּרוֹתָיו, לְשׁוֹן וְנָשַׁל הַבַּרְזֶל (דברים י"ט):
Will be discarded. Will discard its fruit, meaning the same as “And the iron discards.”
בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת תּוֹלִיד וְלֹא־יִהְיוּ לָךְ כִּי יֵלְכוּ בַּשֶּֽׁבִי׃
Sons and daughters will you bear, but you will not have them because they will go into captivity.
Sons and daughters will you bear, but you will not have them because they will go into captivity.
כׇּל־עֵצְךָ וּפְרִי אַדְמָתֶךָ יְיָרֵשׁ הַצְּלָצַֽל׃
All your trees and the fruit of your soil the cicada will impoverish.
All your trees and the fruit of your soil the cicada will impoverish.
Rashi
יירש הצלצל. יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ הָאַרְבֶּה רָשׁ מִן הַפְּרִי:
The cicada will impoverish. The cicada will render it impoverished of fruit.
יירש. יַעֲנִי:
Will impoverish. Will make destitute.
צלצל. מִין אַרְבֶּה. וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לְפָרֵשׁ יְיָרֵשׁ לְשׁוֹן יְרֻשָּׁה, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב "יִירַשׁ", וְלֹא לְשׁוֹן הוֹרָשָׁה וְגֵרוּשִׁין, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב "יוֹרִישׁ":
The cicada. A species of locusts. But it is not feasible to interpret יְיָרֵשׁ as inheritance, for, if so, it should have written יִירַשׁ . Nor, as expulsion and ejection, for, if so, it should have written יוֹרִישׁ .
הַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בְּקִרְבְּךָ יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ מַעְלָה מָּעְלָה וְאַתָּה תֵרֵד מַטָּה מָּֽטָּה׃
The non-Jew among you will rise above you higher and higher, while you descend lower and lower.
The non-Jew among you will rise above you higher and higher, while you descend lower and lower.
הוּא יַלְוְךָ וְאַתָּה לֹא תַלְוֶנּוּ הוּא יִהְיֶה לְרֹאשׁ וְאַתָּה תִּֽהְיֶה לְזָנָֽב׃
He will lend to you but you will not lend to him; he will be at the head, and you will be at the tail.
He will lend to you but you will not lend to him; he will be at the head, and you will be at the tail.
וּבָאוּ עָלֶיךָ כׇּל־הַקְּלָלוֹת הָאֵלֶּה וּרְדָפוּךָ וְהִשִּׂיגוּךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ כִּי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֺתָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר צִוָּֽךְ׃
All these curses will come upon you and will chase you and reach you until you are destroyed; for you have not obeyed Adonoy, your God, to guard His commandments and His statutes that He commanded you.
All these curses will come upon you and will chase you and reach you until you are destroyed; for you have not obeyed Adonoy, your God, to guard His commandments and His statutes that He commanded you.
וְהָיוּ בְךָ לְאוֹת וּלְמוֹפֵת וּֽבְזַרְעֲךָ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃
They will happen to you as a sign and a wonder, and to your descendants forever.
They will happen to you as a sign and a wonder, and to your descendants forever.
תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָבַדְתָּ אֶת־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב מֵרֹב כֹּֽל׃
Since you did not serve Adonoy, your God, with joy and goodheartedness, in total affluence.
Since you did not serve Adonoy, your God, with joy and goodheartedness, in total affluence.
Rashi
מרב כל. בְּעוֹד שֶׁהָיָה לְךָ כָּל טוּב:
In total affluence. While you had every benefit.
וְעָבַדְתָּ אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ יְהֹוָה בָּךְ בְּרָעָב וּבְצָמָא וּבְעֵירֹם וּבְחֹסֶר כֹּל וְנָתַן עֹל בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶךָ עַד הִשְׁמִידוֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃
You will serve your enemies whom Adonoy sends against you, in hunger and in thirst and in nakedness and lacking everything; and he will set an iron yoke upon your neck until he destroys you.
You will serve your enemies whom Adonoy sends against you, in hunger and in thirst and in nakedness and lacking everything; and he will set an iron yoke upon your neck until he destroys you.
יִשָּׂא יְהֹוָה עָלֶיךָ גּוֹי מֵֽרָחֹק מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁר יִדְאֶה הַנָּשֶׁר גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־תִשְׁמַע לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃
Adonoy will raise upon you a nation from afar from the end of the earth, as the eagle soars, a nation whose language you will not hear.
Adonoy will raise upon you a nation from afar from the end of the earth, as the eagle soars, a nation whose language you will not hear.
Rashi
כאשר ידאה הנשר. פִּתְאֹם וְדַרְכּוֹ מַצְלַחַת וְיֵקַלּוּ סוּסָיו:
As the eagle soars. Suddenly, travelling successfully, with fleet steeds.
לא תשמע לשנו. לֹא תַכִּיר לְשׁוֹנוֹ, וְכֵן "תִּשְׁמַע חֲלוֹם לִפְתֹּר אֹתוֹ" (בראשית מ"א), וְכֵן "כִּי שֹׁמֵעַ יוֹסֵף" (שם מ"ב), אינטינד"רי:
Whose language you will not hear. You will not recognize their language. Similarly, “You listen to a dream so as to interpret it.” Similarly, “That Yoseif was listening.” Entendre in Old French.
גּוֹי עַז פָּנִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִשָּׂא פָנִים לְזָקֵן וְנַעַר לֹא יָחֹֽן׃
A hard-faced nation that will not show favor to the old, and will not pity the young.
A hard-faced nation that will not show favor to the old, and will not pity the young.
וְאָכַל פְּרִי בְהֶמְתְּךָ וּפְרִֽי־אַדְמָתְךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָךְ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יַשְׁאִיר לְךָ דָּגָן תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶךָ עַד הַאֲבִידוֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃
They will consume the offspring of your animals, and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed; that will not leave you grain, wine, or oil, the calves of your cattle, or the flocks of your sheep and goats until they have you removed.
They will consume the offspring of your animals, and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed; that will not leave you grain, wine, or oil, the calves of your cattle, or the flocks of your sheep and goats until they have you removed.
וְהֵצַר לְךָ בְּכׇל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ עַד רֶדֶת חֹמֹתֶיךָ הַגְּבֹהֹת וְהַבְּצֻרוֹת אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה בֹּטֵחַ בָּהֵן בְּכׇל־אַרְצֶךָ וְהֵצַר לְךָ בְּכׇל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ בְּכׇל־אַרְצְךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָֽךְ׃
They will make you suffer in all your cities until mastering your ramparts and fortified walls upon which you rely throughout your land; they will make you suffer in all your cities throughout your land that Adonoy, your God, has given you.
They will make you suffer in all your cities until mastering your ramparts and fortified walls upon which you rely throughout your land; they will make you suffer in all your cities throughout your land that Adonoy, your God, has given you.
Rashi
עד רדת חמתיך. לְשׁוֹן רִדּוּי וְכִבּוּשׁ:
Until mastering your ramparts. The meaning is mastering, conquering.
וְאָכַלְתָּ פְרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ בְּשַׂר בָּנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן־לְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר־יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיְבֶֽךָ׃
You will eat the flesh of your womb, the flesh of your sons and your daughters that Adonoy, your God, gave you; in the siege and in the distress that your enemy will distress you.
You will eat the flesh of your womb, the flesh of your sons and your daughters that Adonoy, your God, gave you; in the siege and in the distress that your enemy will distress you.
Rashi
ואכלת … בשר בניך … במצור. מֵחֲמַת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ צָרִים עַל הָעִיר וְיִהְיֶה שָׁם מָצוֹק, עֲקַת רְעָבוֹן:
You will eat . . ., the flesh of your sons, etc., in the siege. Because they will lay siege to the city, resulting in torment there — the agony of starvation.
הָאִישׁ הָרַךְ בְּךָ וְהֶעָנֹג מְאֹד תֵּרַע עֵינוֹ בְאָחִיו וּבְאֵשֶׁת חֵיקוֹ וּבְיֶתֶר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יוֹתִֽיר׃
The delicate among you and the fastidious, [even] he will look askance at his brother and at the wife of his bosom and at the rest of his sons whom he will leave over.
The delicate among you and the fastidious, [even] he will look askance at his brother and at the wife of his bosom and at the rest of his sons whom he will leave over.
Rashi
הרך בך והענג. הוּא הָרַךְ הוּא הֶעָנֹג — לְשׁוֹן פִּנּוּק, וּמֵהִתְעַנֵּג וּמֵרֹךְ מוֹכִיחַ עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם אֶחָד; אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁהוּא מְפֻנָּק וְדַעְתּוֹ קָצָה בְּדָבָר מָאוּס, יִמְתַּק לוֹ לְרַעֲבוֹנוֹ בְּשַׂר בָּנָיו וּבְנוֹתָיו, עַד כִּי תרע עינו בְּבָנָיו הַנּוֹתָרִים מתת לאחד מהם מבשר בניו אֲחֵיהֶם אשר יאכל. דָּ"אַ — הרך בך, הָרַחֲמָנִי וְרַךְ הַלֵּבָב מֵרֹב רַעֲבָנוּת יִתְאַכְזְרוּ וְלֹא יִתְּנוּ מִבְּשַׂר בְּנֵיהֶם הַשְּׁחוּטִים לִבְנֵיהֶם הַנּוֹתָרִים:
The delicate among you, and the fastidious. The delicate is the same as the fastidious, meaning pampered. “Out of fastidiousness and softness” indicates conclusively that both are the same. Although pampered, and revolted by anything disgusting, he will savor, in his starvation, the flesh of his sons and daughters, so that he will begrudge his remaining children, and refuse to give any of them the flesh of his children — their siblings — which he has eaten. Another interpretation. The compassionate among you. The merciful and tender hearted, being extremely famished, will become brutal, and refuse to give the flesh of their slaughtered children to their remaining children.
מִתֵּת ׀ לְאַחַד מֵהֶם מִבְּשַׂר בָּנָיו אֲשֶׁר יֹאכֵל מִבְּלִי הִשְׁאִֽיר־לוֹ כֹּל בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיִבְךָ בְּכׇל־שְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
From giving to any of them of the flesh of his sons that he is eating for [fear of] not leaving everything for himself; in siege and in distress that your enemy will distress you in all your cities.
From giving to any of them of the flesh of his sons that he is eating for [fear of] not leaving everything for himself; in siege and in distress that your enemy will distress you in all your cities.
הָרַכָּה בְךָ וְהָעֲנֻגָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־נִסְּתָה כַף־רַגְלָהּ הַצֵּג עַל־הָאָרֶץ מֵהִתְעַנֵּג וּמֵרֹךְ תֵּרַע עֵינָהּ בְּאִישׁ חֵיקָהּ וּבִבְנָהּ וּבְבִתָּֽהּ׃
The soft female among you and the indulged one the sole of whose foot never experienced standing on the ground out of indulgence and out of softness; her eye will begrudge the husband of her bosom, and her son and daughter.
The soft female among you and the indulged one the sole of whose foot never experienced standing on the ground out of indulgence and out of softness; her eye will begrudge the husband of her bosom, and her son and daughter.
Rashi
תרע עינה באיש חיקה ובבנה ובבתה. הַגְּדוֹלִים:
Her eye will begrudge the husband of her bosom, and her son and daughter. The grown ones.
וּֽבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ הַיּוֹצֵת ׀ מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ וּבְבָנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד כִּֽי־תֹאכְלֵם בְּחֹסֶר־כֹּל בַּסָּתֶר בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמָצוֹק אֲשֶׁר יָצִיק לְךָ אֹיִבְךָ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
And her infant who emerges from between her legs, and her children whom she bears, when she eats them for lack of everything, secretly; in siege and in distress that your enemy will distress you in your cities.
And her infant who emerges from between her legs, and her children whom she bears, when she eats them for lack of everything, secretly; in siege and in distress that your enemy will distress you in your cities.
Rashi
ובשליתה. בָּנֶיהָ הַקְּטַנִּים — בְּכֻלָּן תְּהֵא עֵינָהּ צָרָה כְּשֶׁתֹּאכַל אֶת הָאֶחָד מִלִּתֵּן לַאֲשֶׁר אֶצְלָהּ מִן הַבָּשָׂר:
And her infant. Young children. She will begrudge all of them, when eating one, and refuse to give those remaining with her any of the flesh.
אִם־לֹא תִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת הַכְּתֻבִים בַּסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה לְיִרְאָה אֶת־הַשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא הַזֶּה אֵת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
If you will not guard to perform all the statements of this Torah that are written in this book to fear the respected and awesome Name, of Adonoy, your God.
If you will not guard to perform all the statements of this Torah that are written in this book to fear the respected and awesome Name, of Adonoy, your God.
וְהִפְלָא יְהֹוָה אֶת־מַכֹּתְךָ וְאֵת מַכּוֹת זַרְעֶךָ מַכּוֹת גְּדֹלֹת וְנֶאֱמָנוֹת וׇחֳלָיִם רָעִים וְנֶאֱמָנִֽים׃
Adonoy will strike you with prodigous blows and blows on your offspring, blows, great and dependable and illnesses harmful and dependable.
Adonoy will strike you with prodigous blows and blows on your offspring, blows, great and dependable and illnesses harmful and dependable.
Rashi
והפלא ה' את מכתך. מֻפְלָאוֹת וּמֻבְדָּלוֹת מִשְּׁאָר מַכּוֹת:
Adonoy will strike you with prodigious blows. Prodigious, classified separately from other blows.
ונאמנות. לְיַסֶּרְךָ, לְקַיֵּם שְׁלִיחוּתָן:
And dependable. To torment you, thus fulfilling their mission.
וְהֵשִׁיב בְּךָ אֵת כׇּל־מַדְוֵה מִצְרַיִם אֲשֶׁר יָגֹרְתָּ מִפְּנֵיהֶם וְדָבְקוּ בָּֽךְ׃
He will bring back for you all the Egyptian diseases which you dreaded and they will cling to you.
He will bring back for you all the Egyptian diseases which you dreaded and they will cling to you.
Rashi
אשר יגרת מפניהם. מִפְּנֵי הַמַּכּוֹת. כְּשֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאִין מַכּוֹת מְשֻׁנּוֹת הַבָּאוֹת עַל מִצְרַיִם, הָיוּ יְרֵאִים מֵהֶם שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹאוּ גַּם עֲלֵיהֶם. תֵּדַע שֶׁכֵּן כָּתוּב "אִם שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמַע וְגוֹ' כָּל הַמַּחֲלָה אֲשֶׁר שַׂמְתִּי בְמִצְרַיִם לֹא אָשִׂים עָלֶיךָ" (שמות ט"ו) — אֵין מְיָרְאִין אֶת הָאָדָם אֶלָּא בְּדָבָר שֶׁהוּא יָגוֹר מִמֶּנּוּ:
Which you dreaded. The plagues. For, when the Israelites saw the extraordinary plagues visited on Egypt, they were fearful of them, lest they be visited on them as well. The proof is that the following is written: “If you obey, etc., all of the diseases which I visited upon Egypt, I will not visit upon you.” One does not threaten a man except with something he dreads.
גַּם כׇּל־חֳלִי וְכׇל־מַכָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא כָתוּב בְּסֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת יַעְלֵם יְהֹוָה עָלֶיךָ עַד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃
Also every illness and every plague that is not written in the book of this Torah, will Adonoy raise up against you until you are destroyed.
Also every illness and every plague that is not written in the book of this Torah, will Adonoy raise up against you until you are destroyed.
Rashi
יעלם. לְשׁוֹן עֲלִיָּה:
Will raise up. The connotation is rising up.
וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם בִּמְתֵי מְעָט תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר הֱיִיתֶם כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם לָרֹב כִּֽי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
You will remain numerically few instead of your having been like the stars in the sky, multitudinous; for you have not obeyed Adonoy, your God.
You will remain numerically few instead of your having been like the stars in the sky, multitudinous; for you have not obeyed Adonoy, your God.
Rashi
ונשארתם במתי מעט תחת וגו'. מֻעָטִין חֵלֶף מְרֻבִּים:
You will remain numerically few, instead, etc. Few instead of many.
וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂשׂ יְהֹוָה עֲלֵיכֶם לְהֵיטִיב אֶתְכֶם וּלְהַרְבּוֹת אֶתְכֶם כֵּן יָשִׂישׂ יְהֹוָה עֲלֵיכֶם לְהַאֲבִיד אֶתְכֶם וּלְהַשְׁמִיד אֶתְכֶם וְנִסַּחְתֶּם מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה בָא־שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃
It will happen that as Adonoy rejoiced over you to benefit you and to multiply you, so will Adonoy bring joy to others over you to remove you and to destroy you; and you will be uprooted from upon the land that you are coming there to inherit.
It will happen that as Adonoy rejoiced over you to benefit you and to multiply you, so will Adonoy bring joy to others over you to remove you and to destroy you; and you will be uprooted from upon the land that you are coming there to inherit.
Rashi
כן ישיש ה'. אֶת אוֹיְבֵיכֶם עליכם להאביד וגו':
So will Adonoy bring joy. To your enemies, concerning you, to annihilate, etc. [However, the Holy One, may He be blessed, will not rejoice Himself. From here [we derive that] the Holy One, may He be blessed, does not rejoice at the downfall of the wicked. For, it is not said, “will rejoice,” but, rather, “will bring joy.” He brings joy to others, but does not rejoice. However, with the benefit of the righteous, He rejoices Himself, as it is said, “just as Adonoy rejoiced over you.”]
ונסחתם. לְשׁוֹן עֲקִירָה וְכֵן (משלי ט"ו) "בֵּית גֵּאִים יִסַּח ה'":
You will be uprooted. The word denotes uprooting. Similarly, “The house of the haughty, Adonoy shall uproot.”
וֶהֱפִֽיצְךָ יְהֹוָה בְּכׇל־הָעַמִּים מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעָבַדְתָּ שָּׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ אַתָּה וַאֲבֹתֶיךָ עֵץ וָאָֽבֶן׃
Adonoy will disperse you among all the peoples from the end of the earth to the end of the earth; and you shall serve there other gods which neither you nor your ancestors knew, wood and stone.
Adonoy will disperse you among all the peoples from the end of the earth to the end of the earth; and you shall serve there other gods which neither you nor your ancestors knew, wood and stone.
Rashi
ועבדתם שם אלהים אחרים. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — לֹא עֲבוֹדַת אֱלֹהוּת מַמָּשׁ אֶלָּא מַעֲלִים מַס וְגֻלְגֹּלִיּוֹת לְכוּמְרֵי עֲ"זָ:
You shall serve there [those who serve] other gods. As Targum [Onkelos] renders. Not literally idolatry, but, rather, paying income or poll taxes to the priests of idolatry.
וּבַגּוֹיִם הָהֵם לֹא תַרְגִּיעַ וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה מָנוֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלֶךָ וְנָתַן יְהֹוָה לְךָ שָׁם לֵב רַגָּז וְכִלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם וְדַאֲבוֹן נָֽפֶשׁ׃
And among those nations you will not be tranquil and there will be no rest for the sole of your foot; and Adonoy will give you there a fearful heart and pining eyes and disillusioned spirit.
And among those nations you will not be tranquil and there will be no rest for the sole of your foot; and Adonoy will give you there a fearful heart and pining eyes and disillusioned spirit.
Rashi
לא תרגיע. לֹא תָנוּחַ, כְּמוֹ "וְזֹאת הַמַּרְגֵּעָה" (ישעיהו כ"ח):
You will not be tranquil. You will not rest, as in, “This is the tranquility.”
לב רגז. לֵב חָרֵד, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "דָּחֵל", כְּמוֹ (ישעיהו י"ד) "שְׁאוֹל מִתַּחַת רָגְזָה לָךְ" (שמות ט"ו) "שָׁמְעוּ עַמִּים יִרְגָּזוּן", (שמואל ב כ"ב) "מוֹסְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם יִרְגָּזוּ":
A fearful heart. A trembling heart, as Targum [Onkelos] renders, “fearful.” Like, “The nether world trembles towards you,” “Peoples heard and trembled,” “The foundations of the firmament tremble.”
וכליון עינים. מְצַפֶּה לִישׁוּעָה וְלֹא תָבֹא:
Pining eyes. Yearning for salvation, but it shall not come.
וְהָיוּ חַיֶּיךָ תְּלֻאִים לְךָ מִנֶּגֶד וּפָֽחַדְתָּ לַיְלָה וְיוֹמָם וְלֹא תַאֲמִין בְּחַיֶּֽיךָ׃
Your life will dangle before you, and you will be in fear night and day, and will have no faith in your living.
Your life will dangle before you, and you will be in fear night and day, and will have no faith in your living.
Rashi
חייך תלאים לך. עַל הַסָּפֵק, כָּל סָפֵק קָרוּי תָּלוּי, שֶׁמָּא אָמוּת הַיּוֹם בַּחֶרֶב הַבָּאָה עָלֵינוּ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָרְשׁוּ זֶה הַלּוֹקֵחַ תְּבוּאָה מִן הַשּׁוּק:
Your life will dangle before you. In suspense. All suspense is considered dangling — ‘Perhaps I shall die today, by the sword visited upon us.’ The Rabbis expound: This refers to one who purchases produce at the marketplace.
ולא תאמין בחייך. זֶה הַסּוֹמֵךְ עַל הַפַּלְטֵר (עי' מנחות ק"ג):
You will have no faith in your living. This refers to one who depends on the bakeshop.
בַּבֹּקֶר תֹּאמַר מִֽי־יִתֵּן עֶרֶב וּבָעֶרֶב תֹּאמַר מִֽי־יִתֵּן בֹּקֶר מִפַּחַד לְבָֽבְךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּפְחָד וּמִמַּרְאֵה עֵינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶֽה׃
In the morning you will say, ‘‘Would that it were evening,’’ and in the evening you will say, ‘‘Would that it were morning,’’ from the fear in your heart that you will fear and from the sights of your eyes that you will see.
In the morning you will say, ‘‘Would that it were evening,’’ and in the evening you will say, ‘‘Would that it were morning,’’ from the fear in your heart that you will fear and from the sights of your eyes that you will see.
Rashi
בבקר תאמר מי יתן ערב. וְיִהְיֶה הָעֶרֶב שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ:
In the morning you will say, ‘Would that it were evening.’ That it were last evening.
ובערב תאמר מי יתן בקר. שֶׁל שַׁחֲרִית, שֶׁהַצָּרוֹת מִתְחַזְּקוֹת תָּמִיד וְכָל שָׁעָה מְרֻבָּה קִלְלָתָהּ מִשֶּׁלְּפָנֶיהָ (עי' סוטה מ"ט):
And in the evening, you will say, ‘Would that it were morning.’ This morning, for the tribulations constantly increase, with every minute’s curses exceeding the previous one’s.
וֶהֱשִֽׁיבְךָ יְהֹוָה ׀ מִצְרַיִם בׇּאֳנִיּוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתִּֽי לְךָ לֹא־תֹסִיף עוֹד לִרְאֹתָהּ וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּם שָׁם לְאֹיְבֶיךָ לַעֲבָדִים וְלִשְׁפָחוֹת וְאֵין קֹנֶֽה׃ {ס}
Adonoy will send you back to Egypt on ships, along the route that I told you, ‘‘You are not to see it again,’’ and there you will attempt to sell yourselves to your enemies as slaves and as maidservants but no one will buy.
Adonoy will send you back to Egypt on ships, along the route that I told you, ‘‘You are not to see it again,’’ and there you will attempt to sell yourselves to your enemies as slaves and as maidservants but no one will buy.
Rashi
באניות. בִּסְפִינוֹת — בַּשִּׁבְיָה:
On ships. By ship, as captives.
והתמכרתם שם לאיביך. אַתֶּם מְבַקְשִׁים לִהְיוֹת נִמְכָּרִים לָהֶם לַעֲבָדִים וְלִשְׁפָחוֹת:
There you will attempt to sell yourselves to your enemies. You will attempt to be sold to them as slaves and maidservants.
ואין קנה. כִּי יִגְזְרוּ עָלֶיךָ הֶרֶג וְכִלָּיוֹן:
But no one will buy. For they will sentence you with death and destruction.
והתמכרתם. בְּלַעַז איפורוונדרי"ץ וו"ש, וְלֹא יִתָּכֵן לְפָרֵשׁ "וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּם" בִּלְשׁוֹן וְנִמְכַּרְתֶּם עַל יְדֵי מוֹכְרִים אֲחֵרִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אַחֲרָיו "וְאֵין קוֹנֶה":
You will attempt to be sold. In Old French, Eporwendrez wos. But it is unfeasible to interpret וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּם as ”you will be sold,” through other sellers, because of the statement following, “but no one will buy.”
המארה. חִסָּרוֹן, כְּמוֹ "צָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת" (ויקרא י"ג):
Ruin. Disintegration, like “ruinous leprosy.”