Tanach
Divrei HaYamim II 13 דברי הימים ב י״ג
Part of: Petuchah, II Chronicles 13:1Petuchah, II Chronicles 13:6Petuchah, II Chronicles 13:21Setumah, II Chronicles 13:3Setumah, II Chronicles 13:4Setumah, II Chronicles 13:10
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
בִּשְׁנַת שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לַמֶּלֶךְ יָרׇבְעָם וַיִּמְלֹךְ אֲבִיָּה עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃
Now in the eighteenth year of king Yorov῾am Aviyya began to reign over Yehuda.
Now in the eighteenth year of king Yorov῾am Aviyya began to reign over Yehuda.
שָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וְשֵׁם אִמּוֹ מִיכָיָהוּ בַת־אוּרִיאֵל מִן־גִּבְעָה וּמִלְחָמָה הָֽיְתָה בֵּין אֲבִיָּה וּבֵין יָרׇבְעָֽם׃
He reigned three years in Yerushalayim. And his mother’s name was Mikhayahu the daughter of Uri᾽el of Giv῾a. And there was war between Aviyya and Yorov῾am.
He reigned three years in Yerushalayim. And his mother’s name was Mikhayahu the daughter of Uri᾽el of Giv῾a. And there was war between Aviyya and Yorov῾am.
Rashi
מיכיהו בת אוריאל. ולמעלה (י"א כ) קורא לה שם אחר מעכה בת אבשלום ובמלכים כתיב כמו כן מעכה בת אבישלום מיכיהו בת אוריאל היה שמה וכאן קורא אותה כן לפי שהוא ספר הייחס של יהודה ובמלכים שהוא ספר מלכי ישראל ויהודה קראה בשם כנויה מעכה בת אבישלום ולפיכך כינו שמה משם גמור שלה מיכיהו מעכה ושם אביה אוריאל אבישלום לפי שעל שם כלתה נקראת שהיתה אשת חיל גברתנית ככתוב (לקמן כ"ב) וגם מעכה אם אסא הסירה מגבירה ומשום כבודה של כלתה קראה לחמותה על שם כלתה כך מפורש בירושלמי והמסורת הזה תקח בידך בשם רבינו אלעזר וכן אמר לי בשם אביו וכן מצאתי בפירוש אביו בכל מקום שהוסיף וי"ו בשם אשה זו משום שבחה כמו עתליה ועתליהו מולכ' על הארץ כי אשת חיל היתה וכן יכליה יכליהו לפי שהיתה גברתנית כי אמציהו בעלה נס לכישה ויהי שם חמש עשרה שנה עד שמת והיא שפטה את העם כל אותן חמש עשרה השנים ושוב כשמת המליכו את בנו עזיהו אחריו בן שש עשרה שנה:
Micaiah the daughter of Uriel And above (11:20), he calls her by a different name, Maacah the daughter of Absalom, and in I Kings (15:10), it is likewise written “Maacah the daughter of Absalom.” Micaiah the daughter of Uriel was her [real] name, and here he calls her thus because this is the genealogical record of Judah. In Kings, which is the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, he calls her by her nickname, Maacah the daughter of Absalom. Now, for this reason, they nicknamed her Maacah, rather than call her by her real name, Micaiah, (and the name of her father was Uriel Abishalom). She was called by the name of her daughter-in-law, who was a valiant woman, a heroic woman, as it is written (below 15:16): “And also Maacah the mother of King Asa he removed from being queen,” and in honor of her daughter-in-law, they called the mother-in-law by the daughter-in-law’s name. So it is explained in Yerushalmi (unknown). Now this tradition is in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, and he told me this in the name of his father, and so I found in his father’s commentary: Wherever a “vav” is added to the name of a woman, this is to her praise, like Athaliah (below 22: 12): “and Athaliah reigned over the land,” for she was a valiant woman; similarly Jecaliah (ibid. 26:3) and Jecaliahu (II Kings 15:2), because she was a heroic woman, for Amaziah her husband fled to Lachish and was there fifteen years until he died, and she judged the people all those fifteen years, and later, when he died, they crowned his son Uzziah after him at the age of sixteen.
וַיֶּאְסֹר אֲבִיָּה אֶת־הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מִלְחָמָה אַרְבַּע־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף אִישׁ בָּחוּר {ס} וְיָרׇבְעָם עָרַךְ עִמּוֹ מִלְחָמָה בִּשְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף אִישׁ בָּחוּר גִּבּוֹר חָֽיִל׃ {ס}
And Aviyya set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, four hundred thousand chosen men: and Yorov῾am ranged himself in battle against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, mighty men at arms.
And Aviyya set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, four hundred thousand chosen men: and Yorov῾am ranged himself in battle against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, mighty men at arms.
וַיָּקׇם אֲבִיָּה מֵעַל לְהַר צְמָרַיִם אֲשֶׁר בְּהַר אֶפְרָיִם וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁמָעוּנִי יָרׇבְעָם וְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And Aviyya stood up upon mount Żemarayim, which is in mount Efrayim, and said, Hear me, thou Yorov῾am, and all Yisra᾽el;
And Aviyya stood up upon mount Żemarayim, which is in mount Efrayim, and said, Hear me, thou Yorov῾am, and all Yisra᾽el;
Rashi
ויקם אביה. שהלך אביה למלחמה על ירבעם במחוז של ירבעם בהר אפרים:
And Abijah arose For Abijah went to war against Jeroboam in Jeroboam’s territory on Mount Ephraim.
הֲלֹא לָכֶם לָדַעַת כִּי יְהֹוָה ׀ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָתַן מַמְלָכָה לְדָוִיד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעוֹלָם לוֹ וּלְבָנָיו בְּרִית מֶֽלַח׃ {פ}
ought you not to know that the Lord God of Yisra᾽el gave the kingdom over Yisra᾽el to David for ever, to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?
ought you not to know that the Lord God of Yisra᾽el gave the kingdom over Yisra᾽el to David for ever, to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?
Rashi
ברית מלח. בקיום ואמונה, ועתה:
a covenant of salt with endurance and permanence. And now -
וַיָּקׇם יָרׇבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט עֶבֶד שְׁלֹמֹה בֶן־דָּוִיד וַיִּמְרֹד עַל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃
Yet Yorov῾am the son of Nevat, the servant of Shelomo the son of David, rose up, and rebelled against his lord.
Yet Yorov῾am the son of Nevat, the servant of Shelomo the son of David, rose up, and rebelled against his lord.
Rashi
ויקם ירבעם. עבד שלמה וגו' ועל זאת יש בזיון גדול:
Jeroboam, etc. the servant of Solomon the son of David, arose, etc. and a great stigma is attached to this.
וַיִּקָּבְצוּ עָלָיו אֲנָשִׁים רֵקִים בְּנֵי בְלִיַּעַל וַיִּֽתְאַמְּצוּ עַל־רְחַבְעָם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹה וּרְחַבְעָם הָיָֽה נַעַר וְרַךְ־לֵבָב וְלֹא הִתְחַזַּק לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃
And there gathered about him worthless men, wicked people, and they strengthened themselves against Reĥav῾am the son of Shelomo, when Reĥav῾am was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them.
And there gathered about him worthless men, wicked people, and they strengthened themselves against Reĥav῾am the son of Shelomo, when Reĥav῾am was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them.
Rashi
ויקבצו עליו אנשים רקים. רשעים:
And there gathered to him worthless wicked.
ויתאמצו על רחבעם בן שלמה ורחבעם היה נער ורך לבב. ולפי שמצאו בו שפלות ורכיכות לבב התאמצו עליו:
and they overwhelmed Rehoboam the son of Solomon and Rehoboam was young and soft-hearted and since they found in him humility and soft- heartedness, they overwhelmed him.
נער. אע"פ שהיה בן מ"א שנה כשמלך קורהו נער ופי' (לעיל א כ"ב) על שלמה:
young - Heb. נַעַר. Although he was forty-one years old when he reigned, he is called a youth (נַעַר), as I explained above (I Chron. 22:5) in regards to Solomon.
וְעַתָּה ׀ אַתֶּם אֹמְרִים לְהִתְחַזֵּק לִפְנֵי מַמְלֶכֶת יְהֹוָה בְּיַד בְּנֵי דָוִיד וְאַתֶּם הָמוֹן רָב וְעִמָּכֶם עֶגְלֵי זָהָב אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לָכֶם יָרׇבְעָם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃
And now you think to withstand the kingdom of the Lord in the hand of the sons of David; and you are a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Yorov῾am made you for gods.
And now you think to withstand the kingdom of the Lord in the hand of the sons of David; and you are a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Yorov῾am made you for gods.
הֲלֹא הִדַּחְתֶּם אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵי יְהֹוָה אֶת־בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן וְהַלְוִיִּם וַתַּעֲשׂוּ לָכֶם כֹּֽהֲנִים כְּעַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת כׇּל־הַבָּא לְמַלֵּא יָדוֹ בְּפַר בֶּן־בָּקָר וְאֵילִם שִׁבְעָה וְהָיָה כֹהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִֽים׃ {ס}
Have you not cast out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aharon, and the Levites, and have made yourselves priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bullock or seven rams, may become a priest of what are no gods.
Have you not cast out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aharon, and the Levites, and have made yourselves priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bullock or seven rams, may become a priest of what are no gods.
Rashi
כעמי הארצות. כל הרוצה לבוא ולמלא ידו ולהיות כהן לעגל זהב יביא עמו פר בן בקר ואילים שבעה ויקבלוהו:
like the peoples of the lands Whoever wishes to come and be initiated to be a priest to a golden calf, shall bring a young bull and seven rams, and be accepted.
והיה כהן ללא אלהים. למלא ידו להבדיל בין טומאה לטהרה דוגמא (שמות כ"ט) למשחה בהם ולמלא בם את ידם:
to initiate himself - Heb. לְמַלֵּא יָדוֹ. To differentiate between impure and pure, similar to (Exod. 29:29): “to be anointed and initiated (וּלְמַלֵּא בָם אֶת יָדָם) through them.”
וַאֲנַחְנוּ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ וְלֹא עֲזַבְנֻהוּ וְכֹהֲנִים מְשָׁרְתִים לַֽיהֹוָה בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן וְהַלְוִיִּם בַּמְלָֽאכֶת׃
But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not forsaken him; and the priests who minister to the Lord are the sons of Aharon, and the Levites do their work:
But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not forsaken him; and the priests who minister to the Lord are the sons of Aharon, and the Levites do their work:
Rashi
והלוים במלאכת. כלומר במלאכתם זה לשיר וזה לשוער כל איש למלאכתו כאשר הכין דוד:
engage in the work i.e., in their work; this one to sing, and that one to guard the gates, every man to his work, as David prepared it.
וּמַקְטִרִים לַיהֹוָה עֹלוֹת בַּבֹּֽקֶר־בַּבֹּקֶר וּבָעֶֽרֶב־בָּעֶרֶב וּקְטֹֽרֶת־סַמִּים וּמַעֲרֶכֶת לֶחֶם עַל־הַשֻּׁלְחָן הַטָּהוֹר וּמְנוֹרַת הַזָּהָב וְנֵרֹתֶיהָ לְבָעֵר בָּעֶרֶב בָּעֶרֶב כִּֽי־שֹׁמְרִים אֲנַחְנוּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶרֶת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ וְאַתֶּם עֲזַבְתֶּם אֹתֽוֹ׃
and they burn to the Lord every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and sweet incense: and set out the showbread upon the pure table; and the candlestick of gold with its lamps to burn every evening: for we keep the charge of the Lord our God; but you have forsaken him.
and they burn to the Lord every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and sweet incense: and set out the showbread upon the pure table; and the candlestick of gold with its lamps to burn every evening: for we keep the charge of the Lord our God; but you have forsaken him.
וְהִנֵּה עִמָּנוּ בָרֹאשׁ הָאֱלֹהִים ׀ וְכֹהֲנָיו וַחֲצֹצְרוֹת הַתְּרוּעָה לְהָרִיעַ עֲלֵיכֶם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אַל־תִּלָּחֲמוּ עִם־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֵיכֶם כִּי־לֹא תַצְלִֽיחוּ׃
And, behold, God himself is with us at our head, and his priests with sounding trumpets to sound an alarm against you. O children of Yisra᾽el, do not fight against the Lord God of your fathers; for you shall not prosper.
And, behold, God himself is with us at our head, and his priests with sounding trumpets to sound an alarm against you. O children of Yisra᾽el, do not fight against the Lord God of your fathers; for you shall not prosper.
וְיָרׇבְעָם הֵסֵב אֶת־הַמַּאְרָב לָבוֹא מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם וַיִּֽהְיוּ לִפְנֵי יְהוּדָה וְהַמַּאְרָב מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃
But Yorov῾am had set an ambush party to come on them from behind: so they were in front of Yehuda and the ambush party was behind them.
But Yorov῾am had set an ambush party to come on them from behind: so they were in front of Yehuda and the ambush party was behind them.
וַיִּפְנוּ יְהוּדָה וְהִנֵּה לָהֶם הַמִּלְחָמָה פָּנִים וְאָחוֹר וַֽיִּצְעֲקוּ לַיהֹוָה וְהַכֹּהֲנִים (מחצצרים) [מַחְצְרִים] בַּחֲצֹצְרֽוֹת׃
And when Yehuda looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind: and they cried to the Lord, and the priests sounded with the trumpets.
And when Yehuda looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind: and they cried to the Lord, and the priests sounded with the trumpets.
וַיָּרִיעוּ אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וַיְהִי בְּהָרִיעַ אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וְהָאֱלֹהִים נָגַף אֶת־יָֽרׇבְעָם וְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל לִפְנֵי אֲבִיָּה וִיהוּדָֽה׃
Then the men of Yehuda gave a shout: and as the men of Yehuda shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Yorov῾am and all Yisra᾽el before Aviyya and Yehuda.
Then the men of Yehuda gave a shout: and as the men of Yehuda shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Yorov῾am and all Yisra᾽el before Aviyya and Yehuda.
וַיָּנוּסוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי יְהוּדָה וַיִּתְּנֵם אֱלֹהִים בְּיָדָֽם׃
And the children of Yisra᾽el fled before Yehuda: and God delivered them into their hand.
And the children of Yisra᾽el fled before Yehuda: and God delivered them into their hand.
וַיַּכּוּ בָהֶם אֲבִיָּה וְעַמּוֹ מַכָּה רַבָּה וַיִּפְּלוּ חֲלָלִים מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל חֲמֵשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף אִישׁ בָּחֽוּר׃
And Aviyya and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Yisra᾽el five hundred thousand chosen men.
And Aviyya and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Yisra᾽el five hundred thousand chosen men.
וַיִּכָּנְעוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּעֵת הַהִיא וַיֶּֽאֶמְצוּ בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה כִּי נִשְׁעֲנוּ עַל־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃
Thus the children of Yisra᾽el were brought under at that time, and the children of Yehuda prevailed, because they relied upon the Lord God of their fathers.
Thus the children of Yisra᾽el were brought under at that time, and the children of Yehuda prevailed, because they relied upon the Lord God of their fathers.
וַיִּרְדֹּף אֲבִיָּה אַחֲרֵי יָרׇבְעָם וַיִּלְכֹּד מִמֶּנּוּ עָרִים אֶת־בֵּֽית־אֵל וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־יְשָׁנָה וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־(עפרון) [עֶפְרַיִן] וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃
And Aviyya pursued after Yorov῾am, and took cities from him, Bet-el with its hamlets, and Yeshana with its hamlets, and ῾Efrayin with its hamlets.
And Aviyya pursued after Yorov῾am, and took cities from him, Bet-el with its hamlets, and Yeshana with its hamlets, and ῾Efrayin with its hamlets.
וְלֹֽא־עָצַר כֹּֽחַ־יָרׇבְעָם עוֹד בִּימֵי אֲבִיָּהוּ וַיִּגְּפֵהוּ יְהֹוָה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ {פ}
Nor did Yorov῾am recover strength again in the days of Aviyyahu: and the Lord struck him, and he died.
Nor did Yorov῾am recover strength again in the days of Aviyyahu: and the Lord struck him, and he died.
Rashi
ולא עצר כח וגו'. ויגפהו ה' לירבעם:
And Jeroboam could muster no more strength, etc., and the Lord smote him i.e., Jeroboam.
וימת. לא שמת מיד אלא הולך וחסר בעבור המלחמות ובב"ר מפורש ויגפהו ה' לאביה:
and he died He did not die immediately, but continuously deteriorated because of the wars, and in Genesis Rabbah (65:20), it is explained that the Lord smote Abijah.
וַיִּתְחַזֵּק אֲבִיָּהוּ וַיִּשָּׂא־לוֹ נָשִׁים אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה וַיּוֹלֶד עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁנַיִם בָּנִים וְשֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה בָּנֽוֹת׃
But Aviyyahu grew mighty, and married fourteen wives, and begot twenty two sons, and sixteen daughters.
But Aviyyahu grew mighty, and married fourteen wives, and begot twenty two sons, and sixteen daughters.
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי אֲבִיָּה וּדְרָכָיו וּדְבָרָיו כְּתוּבִים בְּמִדְרַשׁ הַנָּבִיא עִדּֽוֹ׃
And the rest of the acts of Aviyya, and his ways, and his sayings, are written in the commentary of the prophet ῾Iddo.
And the rest of the acts of Aviyya, and his ways, and his sayings, are written in the commentary of the prophet ῾Iddo.
וַיִּשְׁכַּב אֲבִיָּה עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ בְּעִיר דָּוִיד וַיִּמְלֹךְ אָסָא בְנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו בְּיָמָיו שָׁקְטָה הָאָרֶץ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ {פ}
So Aviyya slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. In his days the land was quiet for ten years.
So Aviyya slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. In his days the land was quiet for ten years.
שלש שנים מלך בירושלים. ולא יותר כדמוכח במלכים ובשנת עשרים לירבעם מלך ישראל מלך אסא מלך יהודה נמצא שאפילו שלשה שנים שלמים לא מלך:
Three years he reigned in Jerusalem and no more, as is proven in I Kings (15:9): “And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam, king of Israel, Asa reigned over Judah.” We find that he did not reign even three whole years.