Tanach
Divrei HaYamim II 18 דברי הימים ב י״ח
Part of: Petuchah, II Chronicles 18:1Setumah, II Chronicles 18:18Setumah, II Chronicles 18:23
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְהִי לִיהוֹשָׁפָט עֹשֶׁר וְכָבוֹד לָרֹב וַיִּתְחַתֵּן לְאַחְאָֽב׃
Now Yehoshafat had riches and honour in abundance, and he allied himself by marriage with Aĥ᾽av.
Now Yehoshafat had riches and honour in abundance, and he allied himself by marriage with Aĥ᾽av.
וַיֵּרֶד לְקֵץ שָׁנִים אֶל־אַחְאָב לְשֹׁמְרוֹן וַיִּֽזְבַּֽח־לוֹ אַחְאָב צֹאן וּבָקָר לָרֹב וְלָעָם אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ וַיְסִיתֵהוּ לַעֲלוֹת אֶל־רָמֹת גִּלְעָֽד׃
And after certain years he went down to Aĥ᾽av to Shomron. And Aĥ᾽av killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people that he had with him, and persuaded him to go up with him to Ramot-gil῾ad.
And after certain years he went down to Aĥ᾽av to Shomron. And Aĥ᾽av killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people that he had with him, and persuaded him to go up with him to Ramot-gil῾ad.
Rashi
ויסיתהו לעלות אל רמת גלעד. כמו שכתוב שם בספר מלכים הידעתם כי לנו רמות גלעד כי כשהציב יעקב אבניו שם את הגל (בראשית ל״א:מ״ו-מ״ז) וקרא לו גלעד הוחזק בו ואבותינו לקחו גלעד והרמות משוכי' ומוחזקים אחרי העיר ואבותינו אז בימי משה כשתפשו גלעד שתקו אז מלקחת אותה כי לא חששו בהם או שמא בימי משה לקחוה ואחרי כן לקחוה האומות מיד ישראל ושלנו הם:
and he enticed him to go up to Ramoth Gilead as is written in the Book of I Kings (22: 3): “Do you know that Ramoth Gilead is ours,” because when Jacob built the mound [of stones] there and called it Galead, he took possession of it, and our forefathers took Gilead and the heights (רָמוֹת), which are a continuation and an attachment to the city. But when our forefathers in Moses’ time seized Gilead, they were silent and refrained from taking it, because they did not care for it, or perhaps in Moses’ time, they did take it, but later the nations took it from Israel’s hands, but it is [in fact] ours.
וַיֹּאמֶר אַחְאָב מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה הֲתֵלֵךְ עִמִּי רָמֹת גִּלְעָד וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ כָּמוֹנִי כָמוֹךָ וּכְעַמְּךָ עַמִּי וְעִמְּךָ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
And Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat king of Yehuda, Wilt thou go with me to Ramot-gil῾ad? And he answered him, I am as thou art, and my people are as thy people; and we will be with thee in the war.
And Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat king of Yehuda, Wilt thou go with me to Ramot-gil῾ad? And he answered him, I am as thou art, and my people are as thy people; and we will be with thee in the war.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָט אֶל־מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּרׇשׁ־נָא כַיּוֹם אֶת־דְּבַר יְהֹוָֽה׃
And Yehoshafat said to the king of Yisra᾽el, Inquire, I pray thee, of the word of the Lord to day.
And Yehoshafat said to the king of Yisra᾽el, Inquire, I pray thee, of the word of the Lord to day.
Rashi
דרש נא כיום את דבר ה'. ולא מנביאי הבעלים אשר אתה בוטח בהם:
Please inquire today the word of the Lord and [do not inquire] of the prophets of the baalim in whom you trust.
וַיִּקְבֹּץ מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶֽת־הַנְּבִאִים אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת אִישׁ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם הֲנֵלֵךְ אֶל־רָמֹת גִּלְעָד לַמִּלְחָמָה אִם־אֶחְדָּל וַיֹּאמְרוּ עֲלֵה וְיִתֵּן הָאֱלֹהִים בְּיַד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
Therefore the king of Yisra᾽el gathered together prophets, four hundred men, and said to them, Shall we go to Ramot-gil῾ad to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for God will deliver it into the king’s hand.
Therefore the king of Yisra᾽el gathered together prophets, four hundred men, and said to them, Shall we go to Ramot-gil῾ad to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for God will deliver it into the king’s hand.
Rashi
ויקבץ מלך ישראל את הנביאים ארבע מאות. וכולם נביאי אמת היו כי מה ששאל ממנו יהושפט קבץ לו כן מוכיח בסמוך (פ"כ) ויצא הרוח ויאמר אני אפתנו וגו' עד והייתי לרוח שקר בפי כל נביאיו שאומר להם לאמר לאחאב עלה ויתן האלהים ביד המלך מכלל שהיו נביאי ה' שלא היו מתנבאים אלא דבר ה' שאם היו נביאי שקר אין הפתוי נופל עליהם שלא היו מתנבאים אלא מה שהיו בודי' מלבן ועוד שאמר יהושפט שוב האין פה נבי' לה' עוד ודאי יודע אני שהם נביאי ה' אלא מקובלני מבית אבי אבא שאין שני נביאים מתנבאים בסגנון א' ולשון א' והללו כולם מתנבאים עלה והצלח:
And the king of Israel gathered the prophets, four hundred And they were all true prophets, for he gathered for Jehoshaphat that which he had requested of him. And this is proven in the closely following text (verse 20f.): “And a spirit came forth, etc. and said: ‘I will entice him...and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets,’ for I will inspire them to say to Ahab: Ascend, and the Lord will deliver it into the hands of the king.” From here we can deduce that they were prophets of the Lord, for they prophesied only the word of the Lord, for if they were false prophets, they would not entice, for they would prophesy only that which they were inventing from their minds. Moreover, Jehoshaphat later said, “Is there no other prophet of the Lord?” I know that they are prophets of the Lord, but I have a tradition from my grandfather’s house that two prophets do not prophesy in the same style and with the same language, but all of these [prophets] are [unanimously] prophesying, “Ascend and prosper.”
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָט הַאֵין פֹּה נָבִיא לַיהֹוָה עוֹד וְנִדְרְשָׁה מֵאֹתֽוֹ׃
But Yehoshafat said, Is there not here a prophet of the Lord besides, that we might inquire of him?
But Yehoshafat said, Is there not here a prophet of the Lord besides, that we might inquire of him?
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָט עוֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָד לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־יְהֹוָה מֵאֹתוֹ וַאֲנִי שְׂנֵאתִיהוּ כִּֽי־אֵינֶנּוּ מִתְנַבֵּא עָלַי לְטוֹבָה כִּי כׇל־יָמָיו לְרָעָה הוּא מִיכָיְהוּ בֶן־יִמְלָא וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָט אַל־יֹאמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ כֵּֽן׃
And the king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat, There is yet one man, by whom we may inquire of the Lord: but I hate him; for he never prophesied good to me, but always evil: he is Mikhayehu the son of Yimla. And Yehoshafat said, Let not the king say so.
And the king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat, There is yet one man, by whom we may inquire of the Lord: but I hate him; for he never prophesied good to me, but always evil: he is Mikhayehu the son of Yimla. And Yehoshafat said, Let not the king say so.
Rashi
כי כל ימיו לרעה. כי זהו שאמר (מלכים א כ"ב) יען אשר שלחת איש חרמי וגו':
but always bad For this is what it says (I Kings 20:42): “Because you have released the man whom I designated for destruction, etc.”
וַיִּקְרָא מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־סָרִיס אֶחָד וַיֹּאמֶר מַהֵר (מיכהו) [מִיכָיְהוּ] בֶן־יִמְלָֽא׃
So the king of Yisra᾽el called for one of his officers, and said, Fetch quickly Mikhayehu the son of Yimla.
So the king of Yisra᾽el called for one of his officers, and said, Fetch quickly Mikhayehu the son of Yimla.
Rashi
מהר מיכהו. כתיב חסר יו"ד משום בזיון כינה לו שם אחר מיכהו:
Bring Micaiah at once [Micaiah] is written with the “yud” missing. He called him by a different name, Micahu, in order to degrade him.
וּמֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוֹשָׁפָט מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה יוֹשְׁבִים אִישׁ עַל־כִּסְאוֹ מְלֻבָּשִׁים בְּגָדִים וְיֹשְׁבִים בְּגֹרֶן פֶּתַח שַׁעַר שֹׁמְרוֹן וְכׇל־הַנְּבִיאִים מִֽתְנַבְּאִים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃
And the king of Yisra᾽el and Yehoshafat king of Yehuda sat each of them on his throne, clothed in their robes, and they sat in a threshing floor at the entrance of the gate of Shomeron; and all the prophets prophesied before them.
And the king of Yisra᾽el and Yehoshafat king of Yehuda sat each of them on his throne, clothed in their robes, and they sat in a threshing floor at the entrance of the gate of Shomeron; and all the prophets prophesied before them.
Rashi
מלובשים בגדים. בגדי מלכות ויושבין בגורן פתח שער שומרון בא להודיענו כי כשנתנבאו הנביאים לפניהם היו יושבים חוץ לעיר ושם באו מרגלים של מלך ארם ושמעו שהודיע למלך ישראל שהוא לבדו יפול במלחמה הוא שצוה מלך ארם לחיילותיו (לקמן פ' ל) לא תלחמו את הקטן ואת הגדול כי אם את מלך ישראל לבדו לקיים דברי מיכיהו לפיכך כתיב בגורן שהיה מקום מרגלים לרגל אבל אם הועד בתוך העיר לא היו המרגלים של מלך ארם יכולין לבא שמא ירגישו בהם שהם מרגלים אבל כשהם חוץ לעיר אפי' ירגישו בהם ויבינו כי מרגלים הם יכולים הם לומר למקום אחר אנו הולכים ומה שקרבנו פה אל הגורן בשביל הרגש גדול וקבוץ חיילות הנה פתח העיר תמהנו ופנינו מן הדרך לראות מה זה והמרגלים הם הודיעו למלך ארם והוא צוה שלא להרוג שום אדם כי אם מלך ישראל לבדו שאם לא כן מה עלה בלבו שצוה שלא להרוג מישראל רק המלך לבדו אלא מרגלים היו לו ושמעו את מיכיהו אומר ראיתי את כל ישראל נפוצים וגו':
dressed in [their] attire the royal raiment and seated in a threshing floor He is telling us that when the prophets prophesied before them, they were sitting outside the city, and spies of the king of Aram came there and heard that he [the prophet] informed the king of Israel that he alone would fall in battle. That is the reason that the king of Aram commanded his forces (v. 30): “Attack neither small nor great; only the king of Israel,” to fulfill the words of Micaiah. That is why it is written, “in a threshing floor,” for it was a place where spies could spy. If the meeting had been inside the city, the spies of the king of Aram would not have been able to infiltrate, for they would have detected that they were spies; but when they were outside the city, even if they [the Israelites] became aware of them, they could say, “We are going elsewhere, and the reason we drew near to the threshing floor is because of the great tumult and gathering of the armies here at the gate of the city; we were amazed, and turned off the road to see what was going on.” Consequently, the spies informed the king of Aram [what they had heard], who commanded to slay no one but the king of Israel. Otherwise, why did it enter his mind to command not to slay anyone of Israel, but the king? But he had spies who had heard Micaiah saying, (verses 16f.): “I saw all the Israelites scattered, etc. And the Lord said: These have no master.” This was a sign that the king would be slain, and that the Israelites would return each one to his house in peace. And they heard that he said, (v. 27): “If you return in peace...” The spies heard all and informed the king of Aram. The king of Aram then commanded to act in accordance with the word of Micaiah, and to slay only the king.
וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ צִדְקִיָּהוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָה קַרְנֵי בַרְזֶל וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה בְּאֵלֶּה תְּנַגַּח אֶת־אֲרָם עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃
And Żidqiyyahu the son of Kena῾ana had made for himself horns of iron, and he said, Thus says the Lord, With these thou shalt push Aram until they are wiped out.
And Żidqiyyahu the son of Kena῾ana had made for himself horns of iron, and he said, Thus says the Lord, With these thou shalt push Aram until they are wiped out.
וְכׇל־הַנְּבִאִים נִבְּאִים כֵּן לֵאמֹר עֲלֵה רָמֹת גִּלְעָד וְהַצְלַח וְנָתַן יְהֹוָה בְּיַד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
And all the prophets prophesied in the same sense, saying, Go up to Ramot-gil῾ad, and prosper: for the Lord shall deliver it into the hand of the king.
And all the prophets prophesied in the same sense, saying, Go up to Ramot-gil῾ad, and prosper: for the Lord shall deliver it into the hand of the king.
וְהַמַּלְאָךְ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַךְ ׀ לִקְרֹא לְמִיכָיְהוּ דִּבֶּר אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה דִּבְרֵי הַנְּבִאִים פֶּה־אֶחָד טוֹב אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וִיהִי־נָא דְבָרְךָ כְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְדִבַּרְתָּ טּֽוֹב׃
And the messenger that went to call Mikhayehu spoke to him, saying, Behold, the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one assent; let thy word therefore, I pray thee, be like one of theirs, and speak thou good.
And the messenger that went to call Mikhayehu spoke to him, saying, Behold, the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one assent; let thy word therefore, I pray thee, be like one of theirs, and speak thou good.
וַיֹּאמֶר מִיכָיְהוּ חַי־יְהֹוָה כִּי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמַר אֱלֹהַי אֹתוֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר׃
And Mikhayehu said, As the Lord lives, even what my God says, that will I speak.
And Mikhayehu said, As the Lord lives, even what my God says, that will I speak.
וַיָּבֹא אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵלָיו מִיכָה הֲנֵלֵךְ אֶל־רָמֹת גִּלְעָד לַמִּלְחָמָה אִם־אֶחְדָּל וַיֹּאמֶר עֲלוּ וְהַצְלִיחוּ וְיִנָּתְנוּ בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃
And when he was come to the king, the king said to him, Mikha, shall we go to Ramot-gil῾ad to battle, or shall I forbear? And he said, Go up, and prosper, and they shall be delivered into your hand.
And when he was come to the king, the king said to him, Mikha, shall we go to Ramot-gil῾ad to battle, or shall I forbear? And he said, Go up, and prosper, and they shall be delivered into your hand.
Rashi
עלו והצליחו וינתנו בידכם. כלומר הלואי שתצליחו וינתנו בידכם:
Go up and triumph, and may they be delivered into your hand i.e., May you only prosper, and may they be delivered into your hands.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הַמֶּלֶךְ עַד־כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים אֲנִי מַשְׁבִּיעֶךָ אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־תְדַבֵּר אֵלַי רַק־אֱמֶת בְּשֵׁם יְהֹוָֽה׃
And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou say nothing to me but the truth in the name of the Lord?
And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou say nothing to me but the truth in the name of the Lord?
וַיֹּאמֶר רָאִיתִי אֶת־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל נְפוֹצִים עַל־הֶהָרִים כַּצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לָהֶן רֹעֶה וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה יָשׁוּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃
Then he said, I saw all Yisra᾽el scattered upon the mountains, like sheep that have no shepherd: and the Lord said, These have no master; let them return therefore every man to his house in peace.
Then he said, I saw all Yisra᾽el scattered upon the mountains, like sheep that have no shepherd: and the Lord said, These have no master; let them return therefore every man to his house in peace.
Rashi
נפוצים על ההרים. כי כשבורחים מן המלחמה בורחים על ההרים לבית מנוס כמו (ראשית יד) והנשארים הרה נסו ועוד שהמלחמה היתה ברמות גלעד מקום הרים וגבעות:
scattered over the mountains For when they flee from battle, they flee on the mountains to a refuge, like (Gen. 14:10): “and those who remained fled to the mountains.” In addition, the battle was on the heights of Gilead, a mountainous and hilly terrain.
ויאמר ה' לא אדונים לאלה. סימן שיהרג המלך אבל ישראל ישובו איש לביתו לשלום ושמעו את זה שאמר אם שוב תשוב בשלום הכל שמעו המרגלים והגידו למלך ארם ואז צוה מלך ארם לעשות כדבר מיכיהו להרוג המלך לבדו:
ויאמר ה' לא אדונים לאלה. לפיכך נפוצים כצאן על ההרים שאין להם רועה שמלכם יהרג:
And the Lord said: These have no master They are scattered like sheep on the mountains, because they have no shepherd, for their king will be slain.
ישובו איש לביתו בשלום. שאחאב לבדו יהרג אבל שאר ישראל ישובו איש לביתו לשלום כאשר צוה ארם לעמו:
Let them return each one to his house in peace Ahab alone will be killed, but the rest of the Israelites will return each one to his house in peace, as the king of Aram commanded his people.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָט הֲלֹא אָמַרְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ לֹא־יִתְנַבֵּא עָלַי טוֹב כִּי אִם־לְרָֽע׃ {ס}
And the king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat, Did I not tell thee that he would not prophesy good to me but only evil?
And the king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat, Did I not tell thee that he would not prophesy good to me but only evil?
וַיֹּאמֶר לָכֵן שִׁמְעוּ דְבַר־יְהֹוָה רָאִיתִי אֶת־יְהֹוָה יוֹשֵׁב עַל־כִּסְאוֹ וְכׇל־צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם עֹמְדִים עַל־יְמִינוֹ וּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃
And he said, Therefore hear the word of the Lord; I saw the Lord sitting upon his throne, and all the host of heaven standing on his right hand and on his left.
And he said, Therefore hear the word of the Lord; I saw the Lord sitting upon his throne, and all the host of heaven standing on his right hand and on his left.
Rashi
וכל צבא השמים עומדים על ימינו ושמאלו. אלו מלכי השחתה (ס"א מלאכי השרת) עומדים לפניו:
and all the host of heaven were standing on His right and His left These are the angels of destruction who stand before Him.
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה מִי יְפַתֶּה אֶת־אַחְאָב מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיַעַל וְיִפֹּל בְּרָמוֹת גִּלְעָד וַיֹּאמֶר זֶה אֹמֵר כָּכָה וְזֶה אֹמֵר כָּֽכָה׃
And the Lord said, Who will entice Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el, that he may go up and fall at Ramot-gil῾ad? And one spoke saying after this manner, and another saying after that manner.
And the Lord said, Who will entice Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el, that he may go up and fall at Ramot-gil῾ad? And one spoke saying after this manner, and another saying after that manner.
וַיֵּצֵא הָרוּחַ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי אֲפַתֶּנּוּ וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֵלָיו בַּמָּֽה׃
Then the spirit came forward, and stood before the Lord, and said, I will entice him. And the Lord said to him, With what?
Then the spirit came forward, and stood before the Lord, and said, I will entice him. And the Lord said to him, With what?
Rashi
ויצא הרוח. פתרון ויצא המלאך שהרי אומר לעיל וכל צבא השמים וגו' ועתה יצא אחד מן המלאכים ויאמר אני אפתנו כדאמר (תהילים ק״ד:ד׳) עושה מלאכיו רוחות ולפיכך קדם ואמר לעיל וכל צבא השמים עומדים שאל תתמה כשתאמר ויצא הרוח מי הוא ומהיכן יצא וכשאמר וכל צבא השמים עומדים כדי להודיע מהיכן יצא משאר הרוחות העומדים עליו, ורבותינו פירשו זהו רוחו של נבות:
And a certain spirit came forth The meaning is: And an angel came forth, for he says above, “and all the host of heaven, etc.” One of the angels came forth and said, “I will entice him,” as it is stated (Ps. 104:4): “He makes His angels spirits.” [Cf. Comm. Dig. ad loc.] He preceded this account by stating, “and all the host of heaven were standing,” so that you should not wonder when you read, “And a certain spirit came forth,” who he was and where he came from. When he says, “and all the host of heaven were standing,” it is to inform you where he came from: from among the rest of the spirits standing beside Him. Our Rabbis (Sanh. 89a, Targum) however, explained that this was the spirit of Naboth.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵצֵא וְהָיִיתִי לְרוּחַ שֶׁקֶר בְּפִי כׇּל־נְבִיאָיו וַיֹּאמֶר תְּפַתֶּה וְגַם־תּוּכָל צֵא וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃
And he said, I will go out, and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt entice him, and thou shalt also prevail: go out, and do so.
And he said, I will go out, and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt entice him, and thou shalt also prevail: go out, and do so.
Rashi
בפי כל נביאיו. שישים דבר בפיהם לאמר עלה והצלח ויעלה ויפול מכלל שהיו נביאי אמת שלא היו מתנבאים כי אם מה שישים השם בפיהם:
in the mouth of all his prophets He should place the words “Go up and triumph,” in their mouths and he [Ahab] will go up and fall. This proves that they were true prophets who would prophesy only that which the Lord put into their mouths.
תפתה וגם תוכל. לפי שיש מפתה הבא לפתות חבירו פעמים שהמפותה מבין שזה רוצה לפתותו והוא נזהר ואינו שומע להתפתות אבל באחאב תפתה וגם תוכל:
You will entice and you will prevail When an enticer comes to entice his fellow, the one being enticed sometimes understands that this one wishes to entice him, and he takes heed and does not allow himself to be enticed, but with Ahab, you will entice and you will prevail.
וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה נָתַן יְהֹוָה רוּחַ שֶׁקֶר בְּפִי נְבִיאֶיךָ אֵלֶּה וַֽיהֹוָה דִּבֶּר עָלֶיךָ רָעָֽה׃ {ס}
Now therefore, behold the Lord has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these thy prophets, and the Lord has spoken evil against thee.
Now therefore, behold the Lord has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these thy prophets, and the Lord has spoken evil against thee.
וַיִּגַּשׁ צִדְקִיָּהוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָה וַיַּךְ אֶת־מִיכָיְהוּ עַל־הַלֶּחִי וַיֹּאמֶר אֵי זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ עָבַר רוּחַ־יְהֹוָה מֵאִתִּי לְדַבֵּר אֹתָֽךְ׃
Then Żidqiyyahu the son of Kena῾ana came near, and smote Mikhayehu upon the cheek, and said, Which way did the spirit of the Lord go from me to speak to thee?
Then Żidqiyyahu the son of Kena῾ana came near, and smote Mikhayehu upon the cheek, and said, Which way did the spirit of the Lord go from me to speak to thee?
וַיֹּאמֶר מִיכָיְהוּ הִנְּךָ רֹאֶה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֲשֶׁר תָּבוֹא חֶדֶר בְּחֶדֶר לְהֵחָבֵֽא׃
And Mikhayehu said, Behold, thou shalt see on that day when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself.
And Mikhayehu said, Behold, thou shalt see on that day when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself.
Rashi
הנך רואה. שיהרג אחאב:
Behold you will see that Ahab will be killed.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל קְחוּ אֶת־מִיכָיְהוּ וַהֲשִׁיבֻהוּ אֶל־אָמוֹן שַׂר־הָעִיר וְאֶל־יוֹאָשׁ בֶּן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
Then the king of Yisra᾽el said, Take Mikhayehu, and carry him back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Yo᾽ash the king’s son;
Then the king of Yisra᾽el said, Take Mikhayehu, and carry him back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Yo᾽ash the king’s son;
וַאֲמַרְתֶּם כֹּה אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ שִׂימוּ זֶה בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַחַץ וּמַיִם לַחַץ עַד שׁוּבִי בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
and say, Thus says the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with scant bread and with scant water, until I return in peace.
and say, Thus says the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with scant bread and with scant water, until I return in peace.
Rashi
שימו זה בית הכלא. ואע"פ שלא ראינו שנתנו קודם לכן בבית הכלא אלא מתוך שאמר השיבוהו תוכל לומר שנתנו קודם לכן בבית הכלא ואם תרצה לומר שלא נתנוהו קודם לכן מעולם לא תקשה לך והשיבוהו כי כן דרך המקראות כמו (תהילים ט׳:י״ח) ישובו רשעים לשאולה וכן הרבה:
Place this person in prison We did not see that he incarcerated him in prison previously, but since he says, “and return him,” you may say that he had placed him in prison beforehand. If, however, you wish to say that they had never placed him in prison prior to this, “and return him” should not cause you any difficulty, because this is the style of the Scriptures, like (Ps. 9:18): “May the wicked return to the grave,” and many similar other cases.
לחם לחץ ומים לחץ. דוגמא (בישעיה כ) לחם צר ומים לחץ:
a scant amount of bread, etc. An example of this is (Isa. 30: 20): “scant bread and water of oppression.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מִיכָיְהוּ אִם־שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב בְּשָׁלוֹם לֹא־דִבֶּר יְהֹוָה בִּי וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁמְעוּ עַמִּים כֻּלָּֽם׃
And Mikhayehu said, If thou at all return in peace, then the Lord has not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, all you people.
And Mikhayehu said, If thou at all return in peace, then the Lord has not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, all you people.
וַיַּעַל מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוֹשָׁפָט מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה אֶל־רָמֹת גִּלְעָֽד׃
So the king of Yisra᾽el and Yehoshafat the king of Yehuda went up to Ramot-gil῾ad.
So the king of Yisra᾽el and Yehoshafat the king of Yehuda went up to Ramot-gil῾ad.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָט הִתְחַפֵּשׂ וָבוֹא בַמִּלְחָמָה וְאַתָּה לְבַשׁ בְּגָדֶיךָ וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּבֹאוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
And the king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat, I will disguise myself, and will go to the battle; but do thou put on thy robes. So the king of Yisra᾽el disguised himself; and they went to the battle.
And the king of Yisra᾽el said to Yehoshafat, I will disguise myself, and will go to the battle; but do thou put on thy robes. So the king of Yisra᾽el disguised himself; and they went to the battle.
Rashi
התחפש ובא. פתרון צריך אני להתנכר ולהתחפש בבגדים אחרים שלא יכירוני שאני מלך ישראל כי חשש לדברי מיכיהו שאמר לו אם שוב תשוב בשלום וגו' ואמר ליהושפט אני רוצה להשתנות עצמי ולבוא במלחמה שיש לי לחוש שמא שמעו ארמים מה שאמר מיכיהו אם שוב תשוב בשלום ולא יסבו להלחם כי אם עלי:
disguise myself and go The meaning is: “I must make myself like a stranger and disguise myself in other clothes, so that they do not recognize that I am the king of Israel,” for he was wary of Micaiah’s words, saying, “If you return in peace, etc.” And he said to Jehoshaphat, “I wish to disguise myself and go to war, for I fear that the Arameans heard that Micaiah said, ‘If you return in peace,’ and they will attack only me.”
ואתה לבש בגדיך. תכסיסי מלכות ושריונות וכלי מלחמה של מלכות כי אין לחוש בדברי הנביא כי אם מלך ישראל לבדו כי כן הגידו מרגלים שלו דברי מיכיהו:
but you may wear your garb The royal costume and the coat of mail and the royal weapons, for there is no need for anyone to be wary of the prophet’s words except the king of Israel, for his [the king of Aram’s] spies told [him] the words of Micaiah.
וּמֶלֶךְ אֲרָם צִוָּה אֶת־שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ לֵאמֹר לֹא תִּלָּחֲמוּ אֶת־הַקָּטֹן אֶת־הַגָּדוֹל כִּי אִֽם־אֶת־מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃
Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of the chariots that were with him, saying, Do not fight with small or great, but only with the king of Yisra᾽el.
Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of the chariots that were with him, saying, Do not fight with small or great, but only with the king of Yisra᾽el.
וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָט וְהֵמָּה אָֽמְרוּ מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא וַיָּסֹבּוּ עָלָיו לְהִלָּחֵם וַיִּזְעַק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט וַיהֹוָה עֲזָרוֹ וַיְסִיתֵם אֱלֹהִים מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Yehoshafat, that they said, It is the king of Yisra᾽el. Therefore they surrounded him to fight: but Yehoshafat cried out, and the Lord helped him; and God drew them away from him.
And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Yehoshafat, that they said, It is the king of Yisra᾽el. Therefore they surrounded him to fight: but Yehoshafat cried out, and the Lord helped him; and God drew them away from him.
Rashi
ויזעק יהושפט. אחר בני דגלו וחיילותיו שיבאו לעזור לו כמו אות אריה שבדגלו או דגל בני יהודה וכן מנהג כשנלחמים שני גדודים מכנה כל גדוד וגדוד שם א' לסימן לדגלו לצורך הגדוד שעמו שאם יתפרדו איש מעל אחיו או יתערבו הגדודים זה בזה יצעקו כל גדוד וגדוד שם סימן שלו ויכירו בקול הסימן ויתקבצו כולם יחד ויהיו באגודה אחת כבראשונה ולא שצעק לאלהיו וכן מוכיח (במלכים א כ״ב:ל״ב) ויזעק יהושפט ולא נאמר לשם וה' עזרו ויסיתם אלהים ממנו אך כתיב שם ויהי כראות שרי הרכב כי לא היה מלך ישראל, שהכירו והבינו מיד כשצעק אחר הסימן של דגלו כדמפרש כמו שהכירוהו וישובו מעליו כצווי מלך ארם ומה' הוא שהכירוהו:
and Jehoshaphat cried out He called to his troop and his armies to come to his aid, [using] the sign of the lion on his banner or the banner of the sons of Judah. And so is the custom when two troops engage in battle: each troop gives a name to the insignia of its division for the troop that is with it, so that if they separate from each other or if the troops mingle with one another, each troop shouts the name of its insignia, and they recognize the insignia and all gather together and become one group as originally. He did not, however, cry out to his God, as is proven from I Kings (22:32), for there it does not say, “and the Lord helped him, and God enticed them away from him,” but it is written, And it was when the officers of the chariots saw that he was not the king of Israel for they immediately recognized and understood when he cried out the insignia of his division, as was explained. As soon as they recognized him, they turned away from him in accordance with the order of the king of Aram, and it was from the Lord that they recognized him.
וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב כִּי לֹֽא־הָיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּשׁוּבוּ מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃
For it came to pass, that, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Yisra᾽el, they turned back from pursuing him.
For it came to pass, that, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Yisra᾽el, they turned back from pursuing him.
וְאִישׁ מָשַׁךְ בַּקֶּשֶׁת לְתֻמּוֹ וַיַּךְ אֶת־מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּין הַדְּבָקִים וּבֵין הַשִּׁרְיָן וַיֹּאמֶר לָרַכָּב הֲפֹךְ (ידיך) [יָדְךָ] וְהוֹצֵאתַנִי מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה כִּי הׇֽחֳלֵֽיתִי׃
And a certain man drew his bow at a venture, and smote the king of Yisra᾽el between the joints of the armour: so he said to the driver of his chariot, Turn thy hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am badly wounded.
And a certain man drew his bow at a venture, and smote the king of Yisra᾽el between the joints of the armour: so he said to the driver of his chariot, Turn thy hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am badly wounded.
Rashi
ואיש משך בקשת. איש ישראל מתכוין לירות במחנה ארם ובלא כוונתו:
And a man drew his bow An Israelite man intended to shoot at the camp of Aram, and inadvertently
ויך. החץ את המלך ישראל:
and it hit The arrow [hit] the king of Israel.
בין הדבקים ובין השרין. בין אותה רצועה שמדביקין הכובע שעל ראשו לשריון ואין לומר מצרי הי' כי למי נתכוין והלא מלך ארם צוה לא תלחמו את הקטן ואת הגדול כי אם את מלך ישראל לבדו ואף לו לא נתכוין שהרי כתיב לתומו אלא בעל כרחו י"ל ישראל היה המורה ונתכוין לירות במחנה ארם ולפי תומו הכה את מלך ישראל:
between the scales and the coat of mail between the thong with which they attach the helmet on his head to the coat of mail. We cannot say that he was a heathen, because whom was he aiming at? Did not the king of Aram command, “Attack neither small nor great, except the king of Israel”? And he did not even aim at him, for it is written, “innocently.” Perforce, you must say that the archer was an Israelite who intended to shoot at the camp of Aram, and inadvertently hit the king of Israel.
ויאמר לרכב. למנהיג את המרכבה:
and he said to the charioteer to the one who drives the chariot.
והוצאתני מן המחנה. כלומר מן המערכה הזו הראשונה והושיבני במערכות האחרונות:
and carry me out of the camp i.e., away from these front lines, and take me to the rear lines.
וַתַּעַל הַמִּלְחָמָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וּמֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיָה מַעֲמִיד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה נֹכַח אֲרָם עַד־הָעָרֶב וַיָּמׇת לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃
And the battle increased that day: but the king of Yisra᾽el propped himself up in his chariot against Aram until evening: and about the time of sunset he died.
And the battle increased that day: but the king of Yisra᾽el propped himself up in his chariot against Aram until evening: and about the time of sunset he died.
Rashi
ותעל המלחמה. נסתלקה ולא הוזק אחד מישראל כי אם מלך ישראל לבדו כדבר הנביא שאמר (לעיל ב יח) לא אדונים לאלה ישובו איש לביתו בשלום לשלום לא נאמר כי נהרג אחאב:
And the battle withdrew It withdrew, and not one of Israel was hurt except the king of Isra el, in accordance with the word of the prophet, (above verse 16): “These have no master. Let them return each one to his house in peace.” It does not say לְשָלוֹם, because Ahab was slain.
מעמיד במרכבה. החזיק ועמד במרכבה שלא יבינו ישראל מכתו ויברחו ותחילת נפילה ניסה:
was standing in the chariot He exerted himself and stood up so that the Israelites should not realize that he was wounded and flee, for the beginning of defeat is fleeing.
וירד לקץ שנים. ובמלכים (א' כ"ב) כתיב ויהי בשנה השלישית וירד יהושפט וגומר בשנה השלישית מששלח את בן הדד:
And he went down at the end of years And in I Kings (22:2) it is written: “And it was in the third year, that Jehoshaphat came down, etc.” This refers to the third year since he had released Ben Hadad (ibid. 20:34).