Tanach
Divrei HaYamim II 22 דברי הימים ב כ״ב
Part of: Petuchah, II Chronicles 21:12Petuchah, II Chronicles 22:2
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיַּמְלִיכוּ יוֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם אֶת־אֲחַזְיָהוּ בְנוֹ הַקָּטֹן תַּחְתָּיו כִּי כׇל־הָרִֽאשֹׁנִים הָרַג הַגְּדוּד הַבָּא בָעַרְבִים לַֽמַּחֲנֶה וַיִּמְלֹךְ אֲחַזְיָהוּ בֶן־יְהוֹרָם מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ {פ}
And the inhabitants of Yerushalayim made Aĥazyahu his youngest son king in his stead: for the band of men that came with the ῾Arvim to the camp had slain all the eldest. So Aĥazyahu the son of Yehoram king of Yehuda reigned.
And the inhabitants of Yerushalayim made Aĥazyahu his youngest son king in his stead: for the band of men that came with the ῾Arvim to the camp had slain all the eldest. So Aĥazyahu the son of Yehoram king of Yehuda reigned.
בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה אֲחַזְיָהוּ בְמׇלְכוֹ וְשָׁנָה אַחַת מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְשֵׁם אִמּוֹ עֲתַלְיָהוּ בַּת־עׇמְרִֽי׃
Forty two years old was Aĥazyahu when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Yerushalayim. And his mother’s name was ῾Atalyahu the daughter of ῾Omri.
Forty two years old was Aĥazyahu when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Yerushalayim. And his mother’s name was ῾Atalyahu the daughter of ῾Omri.
Rashi
גַּם־הוּא הָלַךְ בְּדַרְכֵי בֵּית אַחְאָב כִּי אִמּוֹ הָיְתָה יוֹעַצְתּוֹ לְהַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃
He also walked in the ways of the house of Aĥ᾽av: for his mother was his counsellor to do wickedly.
He also walked in the ways of the house of Aĥ᾽av: for his mother was his counsellor to do wickedly.
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה כְּבֵית אַחְאָב כִּי־הֵמָּה הָיוּ־לוֹ יוֹעֲצִים אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אָבִיו לְמַשְׁחִית לֽוֹ׃
So he did evil in the sight of the Lord like the house of Aĥ᾽av: for they were his counsellors after the death of his father to his destruction.
So he did evil in the sight of the Lord like the house of Aĥ᾽av: for they were his counsellors after the death of his father to his destruction.
גַּם בַּעֲצָתָם הָלַךְ וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶת־יְהוֹרָם בֶּן־אַחְאָב מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל־חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ־אֲרָם בְּרָמוֹת גִּלְעָד וַיַּכּוּ הָרַמִּים אֶת־יוֹרָֽם׃
He also followed their counsel, and went with Yehoram the son of Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el to war against Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram at Ramot-gil῾ad: and the Arammim smote Yoram.
He also followed their counsel, and went with Yehoram the son of Aĥ᾽av king of Yisra᾽el to war against Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram at Ramot-gil῾ad: and the Arammim smote Yoram.
Rashi
ויכו הרמים. כמו הארמים הרבה מקומות חסר אל"ף כגון לעמשא תומרו ופעמים האל"ף נוספת בתיבה כגון (תהילים פ״ט:א׳) איתן האזרחי כמו הזרחי ואל"ף של ואחותי באזניכם (איוב יג):
and the Arameans smote Joram - Heb. הָרַמִּים, like הָאֲרַמִּים. In many places the “aleph” is missing, as for instance (II Sam. 19:14): “And to Amasa you shall say (תֹמְרוּ).” And sometimes the “aleph” is added to a word, for instance (Ps. 89:1): “Ethan the Ezrahite (הָאֶזְרָחִי),” like הַזַּרְחִי, [descendant of Zerah], and the “aleph” of (Job 13:17): “and to my speech (וְאַחְוָתִי) in your ears.”
וַיָּשׇׁב לְהִתְרַפֵּא בְיִזְרְעֶאל כִּי הַמַּכִּים אֲשֶׁר הִכֻּהוּ בָרָמָה בְּהִלָּחֲמוֹ אֶת־חֲזָהאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַעֲזַרְיָהוּ בֶן־יְהוֹרָם מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה יָרַד לִרְאוֹת אֶת־יְהוֹרָם בֶּן־אַחְאָב בְּיִזְרְעֶאל כִּי־חֹלֶה הֽוּא׃
And he returned to be healed in Yizre᾽el because of the wounds which were given him at Rama, when he fought with Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram. And ῾Azaryahu the son of Yehoram king of Yehuda went down to see Yehoram the son of Aĥ᾽av at Yizre᾽el, because he was sick.
And he returned to be healed in Yizre᾽el because of the wounds which were given him at Rama, when he fought with Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram. And ῾Azaryahu the son of Yehoram king of Yehuda went down to see Yehoram the son of Aĥ᾽av at Yizre᾽el, because he was sick.
Rashi
כי המכים אשר הכוהו. פתרון מן המכים וכן (במלכי' ב' ח'):
because of the smiters who smote him כִּי הַמַּכִּים. The meaning is: מִן הַמַּכִּים, because of the smiters, and so it is in II Kings (8:29).
ועזריהו בן יהורם. זה אחזיהו וכן הוא אומר (שם) ואחזיהו מלך יהודה ירד לראות את יורם:
and Azariah the son of Jehoram This is Ahaziah, and so Scripture states (ad loc.): “and Ahaziah the son of Joram went down to see Joram.”
וּמֵאֱלֹהִים הָֽיְתָה תְּבוּסַת אֲחַזְיָהוּ לָבוֹא אֶל־יוֹרָם וּבְבֹאוֹ יָצָא עִם־יְהוֹרָם אֶל־יֵהוּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁי אֲשֶׁר מְשָׁחוֹ יְהֹוָה לְהַכְרִית אֶת־בֵּית אַחְאָֽב׃
And the destruction of Aĥazyahu came from God in that he went to Yoram: for when he was come, he went out with Yehoram against Yehu the son of Nimshi, whom the Lord had anointed to cut off the house of Aĥ᾽av.
And the destruction of Aĥazyahu came from God in that he went to Yoram: for when he was come, he went out with Yehoram against Yehu the son of Nimshi, whom the Lord had anointed to cut off the house of Aĥ᾽av.
Rashi
תבוסת. פתרון עירבוב כמו (יחזקאל טז) מתבוססת בדמיך:
downfall Heb. תְּבוּסַת. The meaning is confusion, like (Ezek. 16:6): “wallowing (מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת) in your blood.”
וַיְהִי כְּהִשָּׁפֵט יֵהוּא עִם־בֵּית אַחְאָב וַיִּמְצָא אֶת־שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה וּבְנֵי אֲחֵי אֲחַזְיָהוּ מְשָׁרְתִים לַאֲחַזְיָהוּ וַיַּהַרְגֵֽם׃
And it came to pass, that, when Yehu was executing judgment upon the house of Aĥ᾽av, he found the princes of Yehuda, and the sons of Aĥazyahu’s brothers, who attended Aĥazyahu, and he slew them.
And it came to pass, that, when Yehu was executing judgment upon the house of Aĥ᾽av, he found the princes of Yehuda, and the sons of Aĥazyahu’s brothers, who attended Aĥazyahu, and he slew them.
Rashi
ובני אחי אחזיהו. ומה שלא נאמר ואחי אחזיהו לפי שנהרגו בימי יהורם אביהם כדכתיב לעיל (ב' כ"א) ויעלו ביהודה ויבקעוה ולא נשאר בן כי אם אחזיהו קטן בניו:
and the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers He does not mention Ahaziah’s brothers because they were slain in the days of Joram their father, as it is written (above 21:17): “And they marched upon Judah and split it, etc., and no son was left to him except Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.”
וַיְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־אֲחַזְיָהוּ וַֽיִּלְכְּדֻהוּ וְהוּא מִתְחַבֵּא בְשֹׁמְרוֹן וַיְבִאֻהוּ אֶל־יֵהוּא וַיְמִיתֻהוּ וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ כִּי אָֽמְרוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָט הוּא אֲשֶׁר־דָּרַשׁ אֶת־יְהֹוָה בְּכׇל־לְבָבוֹ וְאֵין לְבֵית אֲחַזְיָהוּ לַעְצֹר כֹּחַ לְמַמְלָכָֽה׃
And he sought Aĥazyahu: and they caught him, (for he was hid in Shomeron,) and they brought him to Yehu: and when they had slain him, they buried him: Because, said they, he is the son of Yehoshafat, who sought the Lord with all his heart. So the house of Aĥazyahu had no one able to hold the kingdom.
And he sought Aĥazyahu: and they caught him, (for he was hid in Shomeron,) and they brought him to Yehu: and when they had slain him, they buried him: Because, said they, he is the son of Yehoshafat, who sought the Lord with all his heart. So the house of Aĥazyahu had no one able to hold the kingdom.
וַעֲתַלְיָהוּ אֵם אֲחַזְיָהוּ רָאֲתָה כִּי מֵת בְּנָהּ וַתָּקׇם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶת־כׇּל־זֶרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה לְבֵית יְהוּדָֽה׃
But when ῾Atalyahu the mother of Aĥazyahu saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal seed of the house of Yehuda.
But when ῾Atalyahu the mother of Aĥazyahu saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal seed of the house of Yehuda.
Rashi
ותקם ותדבר. לשון דבר ובמלכים (ב' י"א) כתיב ותאבד ועל הדור הזה אמר דוד (תהלים יב) למנצח על השמינית שראה ברוח הקודש שבדור שמיני יהרג כל זרעו על ידי עתליהו שהרי משלמה עד כאן שמנה דורות והתפלל שישתייר זרעו לזכרון ואומר (שם) הושיעה ה' כי גמר חסיד וגומר ובמלכים (ב' יא) אומר שע"י סם המות הרגתם שהרי כתיב שם ותגנוב אותו מתוך בני המלך הממותי' וקרינן המומתי' ויש אם למקרא ויש אם למסור' המומתי' משמע שכבר מתו ואם למסורת הממותים שמתים והולכים ע"י יסורים ל' הוה ולא לאלתר וזהו מיתת כישוף וסם המות שלא מתים לאלתר הולכים ומדוכים בתחלואים ושוב מתים ודוגמא ממותי תחלואי רעב כי גם הם אינם מתים לאלתר:
she arose and destroyed - Heb. וַתְּדַבֵּר, an expression of דֶּבֶר, pestilence. In II Kings (11:1), it is written: וַתְּאַבֵּד. Concerning this generation, David recited: (Ps. 12:1): “For the conductor on the sheminith,” for David foresaw with the holy spirit that in the eighth generation [of his dynasty] all his descendants would be slain by Athaliah, for there are eight generations from Solomon till here. And he prayed that his seed would survive for a remembrance, and said, (ibid. verse 2): “Save, O Lord, for the pious are gone, etc.” In II Kings (11:2), Scripture states that she killed them by poisoning them, for it is written: “and she stole him away from the dying (הַמְמוֹתִים) children of the king”; we read: הַמּוּמָתִים the slain. Both the traditional reading and the masoretic text have authority. הַמּוּמָתִים means that they already died, and the masoretic text in which the word used is הַמְמוֹתִים means that they were dying in agony. This is written in the continuous present tense, i.e., not all at once but continuously being crushed by illnesses, and then dying. An example is (Jer. 16:4): “Dying of (מְמוֹתֵי) sicknesses they shall die, etc. and with famine,” because they too will not die immediately.
וַתִּקַּח יְהוֹשַׁבְעַת בַּת־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־יוֹאָשׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָהוּ וַתִּגְנֹב אֹתוֹ מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵֽי־הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמּוּמָתִים וַתִּתֵּן אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־מֵינִקְתּוֹ בַּחֲדַר הַמִּטּוֹת וַתַּסְתִּירֵהוּ יְהוֹשַׁבְעַת בַּת־הַמֶּלֶךְ יְהוֹרָם אֵשֶׁת יְהוֹיָדָע הַכֹּהֵן כִּי הִיא הָיְתָה אֲחוֹת אֲחַזְיָהוּ מִפְּנֵי עֲתַלְיָהוּ וְלֹא הֱמִיתָֽתְהוּ׃
But Yehoshav’at, the daughter of the king, took Yo᾽ash the son of Aĥazyahu, and stole him from among the king’s sons who were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Yehoshav῾at, the daughter of king Yehoram, the wife of Yehoyada the priest, (for she was the sister of Aĥazyahu,) hid him from ῾Atalyahu so that she could not slay him.
But Yehoshav’at, the daughter of the king, took Yo᾽ash the son of Aĥazyahu, and stole him from among the king’s sons who were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Yehoshav῾at, the daughter of king Yehoram, the wife of Yehoyada the priest, (for she was the sister of Aĥazyahu,) hid him from ῾Atalyahu so that she could not slay him.
Rashi
בחדר המטות. תרגום באדרון בית ערסתא כלומר בעזרה בחדר שכיבת הכהנים ורבינו שלמה זצ"ל פי' בעליית בית קדש הקדשים כדכתיב במלכים (ב' י') ויהי אתה בבית ה' מתחבא וגו' ועליו אמר דוד (תהילים כ״ז:ה׳) כי יצפנני בסוכה וגו' וקורהו חדר המטות (במלכים ב י״א:ב׳) על שם בין שדי ילין והוא שיסד הקליר (קרא ר' אליעזר ובזכרונות דיום א' דר"ה יסד זה ע"ש) אם פץ למטות נפץ חדר המטות לכפור יזכור חורבן הבית יכפר עליכם:
in the bed chamber The Targum [Jonathan to II Kings 11:2] renders: in the chamber of the beds, i.e., in the forecourt, in the room where the priests sleep, but Rabbi Solomon of blessed memory (Rashi ad loc) explained it as the attic of the Holy of Holies, as it is written in Kings (verse 3): “And he hid with her in the House of the Lord, etc.,” and concerning him, David said, (Ps. 27:5): “For He will hide me in His Tabernacle, etc.” He calls it the bed chamber based on (Song 1:13): “between my breasts he will lie,” and that is what the Kallir, Rabbi Eliezer Kara composed (in Zichronoth for the first day of Rosh Hashanah in the section devoted to the letter “nun”): If He said to cause them to totter, the smashing of the bed-chamber He will remember for an atonement. The destruction of the Temple will atone for them.
וַיְהִי אִתָּם בְּבֵית הָאֱלֹהִים מִתְחַבֵּא שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים וַעֲתַלְיָה מֹלֶכֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {פ}
And he was with them hid in the house of God for six years: and ῾Atalya reigned over the land.
And he was with them hid in the house of God for six years: and ῾Atalya reigned over the land.
בן ארבעים ושתים. ובמלכים (ב' כ"ח) הוא אומר בן עשרים ושתים הא כיצד לפי זה היה הבן גדול מאביו ב' שנים אלא ב' שנים קודם שנולד יהורם אביו נגזרה גזירה זו על בית דוד שתכלה עם בית אחאב וכן הוא אומר ומאלהים היתה תבוס' אחזיה וגו' וביום שנשא אסא את בת עמרי ליהושפט בנו נגזרה גזירה זו כך שנויה בסדר עול' ובתוספתא דסוטה אך בכל המקראות לא מצינו שנשא יהושפט בת עמרי אך מצאתי (מלכים ולעיל ב' יח) ויתחתן לאחאב ושמא זו היא אחותו שנשא ובשנת ל"א לאסא נשאה שנא' (במלכי' א' ט"ז) ובשנת ל"א לאסא מלך עמרי וכשנשא אסא את בתו ליהושפט בנו שנתעלה עמרי והרגו תבני צא וחשוב משנת ל"ג לאסא עד שמלך אחזיהו ותמצא מ"ב שנה ועוד כתוב אחד אומר (במלכים ב' ח') בשנת י"ב ליורם בן אחאב מלך אחזיהו בן יהור' וכתוב א' אומר (שם ב' ט') ובשנת י"ח ליורם מלך אחזיהו על כרחינו יהורם אביו לא מת אלא בשנת י"ב ליורם בן אחאב שהרי כתיב (שם ב' ח') בשנת ה' ליורם בן אחאב מלך יהורם בן יהושפט וח' שנים מלך ומה שאמר שוב בשנת י"א ליורם לפי שמלך בחיי אביו שנה אחת לפי שהיה אביו נגוע בתחלויי' קשים כמ"ש (לעיל ב' כא) ואחרי כל זאת נגפו ה' וגו' וימליכו יושבי ירושלי' את אחזיהו בנו הקטן שנה אחת בחיי אביו וזהו דכתיב בשנת י"א ליורם ומה שאמר בשנת י"ב ליורם לאחר שמת אביו אז היה י"ב ליורם:
forty two years old But in II Kings (8:26), Scripture says: “twenty-two years old.” How is this possible? Moreover, according to this, the son was two years his father’s senior, [because Joram ascended the throne at thirty-two and died eight years later, making him forty years old upon his death,] but two years before Joram his father was born, this decree was issued upon the house of David that it would end with the house of Ahab, and so Scripture states (below verse 7): “And from God was Ahaziah’s downfall, etc.” and on the day that Asa took Omri’s daughter for Jehoshaphat his son, this decree was issued. So it was taught in Seder Olam (ch. 17) and in the Tosefta of Sotah (12:3). But throughout Scripture we do not find that Jehoshaphat married Omri’s daughter, but I did find (above 18:1): “and he allied himself in marriage with Ahab,” and perhaps that was his sister that he married, and in the thirty first year of Asa he married her, as it is said in (I Kings 16:23): “And (sic) in the thirty-first year of Asa, etc. Omri reigned.” And when Asa married his daughter to Jehoshaphat his son, Omri gained importance, and they slew Tibni. Figure from the thirty-first year of Asa until Ahaziah reigned, and you will find forty two years. Further, one verse states (II Kings 8:25): “In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab, etc., Ahaziah the son of Joram reigned,” and another verse states (ibid. 9:29): “And in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab, Ahaziah became king.” Perforce, his father did not die until the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab, because it is written (ibid. 8: 16f.): “In the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab, etc., Joram the son of Jehoshaphat became king, etc., and he reigned eight years.” And that which Scripture states further, “In the eleventh year of Joram,” is because he reigned one year during his father’s lifetime since his father was smitten with severe illnesses, as it is written (above 21:18.): “And after all this, the Lord plagued him, etc.” (22: 1) “And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah, his youngest son, king,” for one year during his father’s lifetime, and that is what is written: “In the eleventh year of Joram.” And where Scripture says: “In the twelfth year of Joram,” it means that after his father died, it was the twelfth year of Joram.