Tanach
Divrei HaYamim II 34 דברי הימים ב ל״ד
Part of: Petuchah, II Chronicles 34:1Petuchah, II Chronicles 34:8Setumah, II Chronicles 34:12Setumah, II Chronicles 34:24Setumah, II Chronicles 34:26Setumah, II Chronicles 34:29
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁנִים יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ בְמׇלְכוֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Yoshiyyahu was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Yerushalayim for thirty one years.
Yoshiyyahu was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Yerushalayim for thirty one years.
וַיַּעַשׂ הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּדַרְכֵי דָּוִיד אָבִיו וְלֹא־סָר יָמִין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃
And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and followed in the ways of David his father, declining neither to the right hand, nor to the left.
And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and followed in the ways of David his father, declining neither to the right hand, nor to the left.
וּבִשְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁנִים לְמׇלְכוֹ וְהוּא עוֹדֶנּוּ נַעַר הֵחֵל לִדְרוֹשׁ לֵאלֹהֵי דָּוִיד אָבִיו וּבִשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה הֵחֵל לְטַהֵר אֶת־יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם מִן־הַבָּמוֹת וְהָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִים וְהַמַּסֵּכֽוֹת׃
For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Yehuda and Yerushalayim of the high places, and the asherim, and the carved idols, and the molten images.
For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Yehuda and Yerushalayim of the high places, and the asherim, and the carved idols, and the molten images.
Rashi
החל לטהר את יהודה וירושלם. מן הבמות והאשרים שעשה מנשה וחדשה אמון בנו כדלמעלה (ב' ל"ג) וישב ויבן את הבמות אשר נתץ יחזקיהו אביו וגו':
he started to purge Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, the asherim that Manasseh had made and that Amon his son had renewed, as above (33:3): “And he rebuilt the high places that Hezekiah his father had demolished, etc.”
וַיְנַתְּצוּ לְפָנָיו אֵת מִזְבְּחוֹת הַבְּעָלִים וְהַחַמָּנִים אֲשֶׁר־לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם גִּדֵּעַ וְהָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִים וְהַמַּסֵּכוֹת שִׁבַּר וְהֵדַק וַיִּזְרֹק עַל־פְּנֵי הַקְּבָרִים הַזֹּבְחִים לָהֶֽם׃
And they broke down the altars of the Be῾alim in his presence; and the sun images, that were on high above them, he cut down; and the asherim, and the carved idols, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.
And they broke down the altars of the Be῾alim in his presence; and the sun images, that were on high above them, he cut down; and the asherim, and the carved idols, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.
Rashi
והחמנים. צורות חמה:
and the sun images images of the sun.
אשר למעלה. שהושיבו למעלה מהם גבוה כנגד החמה ומשתחוי' לו כל זה עשה מנשה כדכתיב לעיל (שם) וישתחוה לכל צבא השמים ויעבוד אות':
that were above That they had placed above them, on high, opposite the sun, and they would prostrate themselves to it. Manasseh had done all this, as it is written above (33:3): “and he prostrated himself to the entire host of the heaven, and he worshipped them.”
ויזרוק על פני הקברים. כאן נתקיים מה שאמר לירבעם (במלכים א' י"ג) כה אמר ה' הנה בן נולד לבית דוד יאשיהו שמו וזבח עליך עצמות אדם את כהני הבמות המקטרים:
and he cast them upon the graves Here was fulfilled what he said to Jeroboam, (I Kings 13:2): “so said the Lord, ‘Behold a son will be born to the house of David, Josiah will be his name, and upon you will he sacrifice, etc., and human bones, etc.’”
וְעַצְמוֹת כֹּֽהֲנִים שָׂרַף עַל־[מִזְבְּחוֹתָם] (מזבחותים) וַיְטַהֵר אֶת־יְהוּדָה וְאֶת־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
And he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars, and cleansed Yehuda and Yerushalayim.
And he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars, and cleansed Yehuda and Yerushalayim.
וּבְעָרֵי מְנַשֶּׁה וְאֶפְרַיִם וְשִׁמְעוֹן וְעַד־נַפְתָּלִי (בחר בתיהם) [בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם] סָבִֽיב׃
And so he did in the cities of Menashshe, and Efrayim, and Shim῾on even to Naftali, in their ruins round about.
And so he did in the cities of Menashshe, and Efrayim, and Shim῾on even to Naftali, in their ruins round about.
Rashi
ובערי מנשה ואפרים וגו'. מאותן עוללות שנשתיירו מחרב ומשבי סנחריב:
And in the cities of Manasseh and Ephraim, etc. from those “gleanings” [survivors] who survived the sword and the captivity of Sennacherib.
בחרבותיהם. בהר בתיהם כתוב לפי שלא היו כי אם עוללות מעט נתייראו לישב בשפלה כי אם לקבוע בהר בתיהם:
with their instruments of destruction Since they were but few “gleanings,” they feared to live in the lowland and established their houses on the mountain (בְּחַר בָּתֵּיהֶם).
וַיְנַתֵּץ אֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִים כִּתַּת לְהֵדַק וְכׇל־הַחַמָּנִים גִּדַּע בְּכׇל־אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּשׇׁב לִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ {פ}
And when he had broken down the altars and the asherim, and had beaten the carved idols into dust, and cut down all the sun images throughout all the land of Yisra᾽el, he returned to Yerushalayim.
And when he had broken down the altars and the asherim, and had beaten the carved idols into dust, and cut down all the sun images throughout all the land of Yisra᾽el, he returned to Yerushalayim.
וּבִשְׁנַת שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לְמׇלְכוֹ לְטַהֵר הָאָרֶץ וְהַבָּיִת שָׁלַח אֶת־שָׁפָן בֶּן־אֲצַלְיָהוּ וְאֶת־מַעֲשֵׂיָהוּ שַׂר־הָעִיר וְאֵת יוֹאָח בֶּן־יֽוֹאָחָז הַמַּזְכִּיר לְחַזֵּק אֶת־בֵּית יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃
Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged the land, and the house, he sent Shafan the son of Ażalyahu, and Ma῾aseyahu the governor of the city, and Yo᾽aĥ the son of Yo᾽aĥaz the recorder, to repair the house of the Lord his God.
Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged the land, and the house, he sent Shafan the son of Ażalyahu, and Ma῾aseyahu the governor of the city, and Yo᾽aĥ the son of Yo᾽aĥaz the recorder, to repair the house of the Lord his God.
Rashi
המזכיר. בכל מקום שכתוב סופר כתוב בסמוך מזכיר שהיה לכל מלך סופר לכתוב כל המאורע לו במלכות בין טוב בין רע ויהי לו מזכיר יושב אצל הסופר להזכיר כל דבר ודבר והסופר כותב על פיו:
the recorder Wherever a scribe is mentioned, a recorder is mentioned in close proximity, for every king had a scribe to write everything that occurred in the kingdom, whether favorable or unfavorable, and he had a recorder sitting beside the scribe, to mention every incident, and the scribe would write according to what he told him.
וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־חִלְקִיָּהוּ ׀ הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל וַֽיִּתְּנוּ אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּבָא בֵית־אֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר אָסְפֽוּ־הַלְוִיִּם שֹׁמְרֵי הַסַּף מִיַּד מְנַשֶּׁה וְאֶפְרַיִם וּמִכֹּל שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִכׇּל־יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִן (וישבי) [וַיָּשׁוּבוּ] יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
And when they came to Ḥilqiyyahu the high priest, they delivered the money that was brought into the house of God, which the Levites who kept the doors had gathered from the hand of Menashshe and Efrayim, and from all the remnant of Yisra᾽el, and from all Yehuda and Binyamin; and they returned to Yerushalayim.
And when they came to Ḥilqiyyahu the high priest, they delivered the money that was brought into the house of God, which the Levites who kept the doors had gathered from the hand of Menashshe and Efrayim, and from all the remnant of Yisra᾽el, and from all Yehuda and Binyamin; and they returned to Yerushalayim.
Rashi
אשר אספו הלוים שומרי הסף וגו'. בחרבותיהם סביב:
which the Levites who guarded the threshold had gathered from the hands of Manasseh and Ephraim, etc. from their ruins round about.
וַֽיִּתְּנוּ עַל־יַד עֹשֵׂה הַמְּלָאכָה הַמֻּפְקָדִים בְּבֵית יְהֹוָה וַיִּתְּנוּ אֹתוֹ עוֹשֵׂי הַמְּלָאכָה אֲשֶׁר עֹשִׂים בְּבֵית יְהֹוָה לִבְדּוֹק וּלְחַזֵּק הַבָּֽיִת׃
And they put it in the hand of the workmen who had the oversight of the house of the Lord, and they gave it to the workmen who were employed in the house of the Lord, to repair and mend the house:
And they put it in the hand of the workmen who had the oversight of the house of the Lord, and they gave it to the workmen who were employed in the house of the Lord, to repair and mend the house:
Rashi
לבדוק ולחזק. לראות את ערות הארץ (ראשית מ"ב) מתרגמינן ולמחזי ית בדקא דארעא:
to mend and repair - Heb. לִבְדוֹק. (Gen 42:9): “to see the nakedness (עֶרְוַת) of the land,” is translated into Aramaic as “to see the crack (בִּדְקָא)” of the land.
וַֽיִּתְּנוּ לֶחָֽרָשִׁים וְלַבֹּנִים לִקְנוֹת אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב וְעֵצִים לַֽמְחַבְּרוֹת וּלְקָרוֹת אֶת־הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁחִיתוּ מַלְכֵי יְהוּדָֽה׃ {ס}
to the carpenters and builders they give it, to buy hewn stone, and timber for couplings, and to make beams for the houses which the kings of Yehuda had destroyed.
to the carpenters and builders they give it, to buy hewn stone, and timber for couplings, and to make beams for the houses which the kings of Yehuda had destroyed.
Rashi
ועצים למחברות. שפנגי"ן בלשון אשכנ"ז:
and wood for the couplings - Spangen in Middle High German, clasps.
ולקרות. טרבי"ר בלע"ז:
and to make beams - Traver in Old French, to provide with beams.
וְהָאֲנָשִׁים עֹשִׂים בֶּאֱמוּנָה בַּמְּלָאכָה וַעֲלֵיהֶם ׀ מֻפְקָדִים יַחַת וְעֹבַדְיָהוּ הַלְוִיִּם מִן־בְּנֵי מְרָרִי וּזְכַרְיָה וּמְשֻׁלָּם מִן־בְּנֵי הַקְּהָתִים לְנַצֵּחַ וְהַלְוִיִּם כׇּל־מֵבִין בִּכְלֵי־שִֽׁיר׃
And the men did the work faithfully: and their overseers were Yaĥat and ῾Ovadyahu the Levites, of the sons of Merari; and Zekharya and Meshullam, of the sons of the Qehatim, to supervise it; and other of the Levites, all who had skill in instruments of music.
And the men did the work faithfully: and their overseers were Yaĥat and ῾Ovadyahu the Levites, of the sons of Merari; and Zekharya and Meshullam, of the sons of the Qehatim, to supervise it; and other of the Levites, all who had skill in instruments of music.
Rashi
לנצח. רומי"ש טרי"ר בלע"ז וכן (עזרא ג׳:ט׳) לנצח על המלאכה וכן שש מאות מנצחים לעיל (ב' ב'):
to direct - Heb. לְנַצּחַ, lemestriyer, to direct, supervise, and so (Ezra 3:8): “to direct (לְנַצּחַ) the work of the House of the Lord,” and likewise (above 2:17): “and six hundred overseers (מְנַצּחִים) .”
והלוים כל מבין. בכל מקום אמור לענין שירה הבנה וכן למעלה (א' כ"ה) כשהפילו גורלות כתיב כקטן כגדול מבין עם תלמיד וכן (שם) כל המבין בכלי שיר וכתיב וכנניהו (לעיל א' ט"ו) שר הלוים וגומר כי מבין הוא והיה ממונה עליהם ליסר במשא היאך ישאו כי מבין הוא:
and the Levites, all who were expert - Heb. מֵבִין. The term expertise (הֲבָנָה) is universally mentioned regarding song, and so above (I Chron. 25:8), when they cast lots, it is written: “like the small one so the great one, expert (מֵבִין) with pupil.” And likewise, (ibid. verse 7): “trained in song to the Lord: every expert (מֵבִין),” and it is written (ibid. 15:22): “And Chananiah, the leader of the Levites, etc., because he was an expert (מֵבִין),” and he was appointed over them to chastise [them] in raising [the voice], how they should raise [their voice], because he was an expert (מֵבִין).
וְעַל הַסַּבָּלִים וּֽמְנַצְּחִים לְכֹל עֹשֵׂה מְלָאכָה לַעֲבוֹדָה וַעֲבוֹדָה וּמֵֽהַלְוִיִּם סוֹפְרִים וְשֹׁטְרִים וְשׁוֹעֲרִֽים׃
Also they were over bearers of burdens, and they had control over all who were employed in the work in any manner of service: and of the Levites there were scribes, and officers, and gatekeepers.
Also they were over bearers of burdens, and they had control over all who were employed in the work in any manner of service: and of the Levites there were scribes, and officers, and gatekeepers.
Rashi
ומהלוים סופרים. לכתוב את הכסף המובא בית ה', והיאך גבו אותו:
and of the Levites, scribes to write down the [amount of] silver brought to the House of the Lord and how they had collected it.
ושוטרים. במלאכה:
and officers over the work.
וּבְהוֹצִיאָם אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּבָא בֵּית יְהֹוָה מָצָא חִלְקִיָּהוּ הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־סֵפֶר תּוֹרַת־יְהֹוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃
And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the Lord, Ḥilqiyyahu the priest found a book of the Tora of the Lord given by Moshe.
And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the Lord, Ḥilqiyyahu the priest found a book of the Tora of the Lord given by Moshe.
Rashi
את ספר תורת ה' ביד משה. משנה תורה:
the Scroll of the Law of the Lord by the hand of Moses the Book of Deuteronomy.
וַיַּעַן חִלְקִיָּהוּ וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־שָׁפָן הַסּוֹפֵר סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה מָצָאתִי בְּבֵית יְהֹוָה וַיִּתֵּן חִלְקִיָּהוּ אֶת־הַסֵּפֶר אֶל־שָׁפָֽן׃
And Ḥilqiyyahu answered and said to Shafan the scribe, I have found a book of the Tora in the house of the Lord. And Ḥilqiyyahu delivered the book to Shafan.
And Ḥilqiyyahu answered and said to Shafan the scribe, I have found a book of the Tora in the house of the Lord. And Ḥilqiyyahu delivered the book to Shafan.
Rashi
ויתן חלקיהו את הספר אל שפן. שהרי על הסופר לקרות את הכל לפני המלך:
and Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan because it was the scribe’s duty to read everything before the king.
וַיָּבֵא שָׁפָן אֶת־הַסֵּפֶר אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיָּשֶׁב עוֹד אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּבָר לֵאמֹר כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּן בְּיַד־עֲבָדֶיךָ הֵם עֹשִֽׂים׃
And Shafan carried the book to the king, and further brought the king word back, saying, All that was committed to thy servants they are doing.
And Shafan carried the book to the king, and further brought the king word back, saying, All that was committed to thy servants they are doing.
Rashi
וישב עוד את המלך דבר. שמתחלה השיב למלך שליחותו ששלחו המלך לחזק בית ה' אלהיו כמו שכתוב למעלה שלח את שפן בן אצליהו וגו':
and he further brought back word to the king for he first reported to the king about the errand that the king had sent him on to repair the House of the Lord his God, as is written above (verse 8): “he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, etc.”
וַיַּתִּיכוּ אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף הַנִּמְצָא בְּבֵית־יְהֹוָה וַֽיִּתְּנוּהוּ עַל־יַד הַמֻּפְקָדִים וְעַל־יַד עוֹשֵׂי הַמְּלָאכָֽה׃
And they have poured out the money that was found in the house of the Lord, and have delivered it into the hand of the overseers, and into the hand of the workmen.
And they have poured out the money that was found in the house of the Lord, and have delivered it into the hand of the overseers, and into the hand of the workmen.
Rashi
ויתיכו. ויציקו כמו (ראשית כ"א) ויצוק שמן ומתרגמינן ואתיך:
And they poured - Heb. וַיַּתִּיכוּ, they poured, like (Gen. 28:18): “and he poured (וַיִּצֹק) oil” and the Targum renders: וְאַתִּיךְ
וַיַּגֵּד שָׁפָן הַסּוֹפֵר לַמֶּלֶךְ לֵאמֹר סֵפֶר נָתַן לִי חִלְקִיָּהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ שָׁפָן לִפְנֵי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
Then Shafan the scribe told the king, saying, Ḥilqiyyahu the priest has given me a book. And Shafan read it before the king.
Then Shafan the scribe told the king, saying, Ḥilqiyyahu the priest has given me a book. And Shafan read it before the king.
Rashi
ויגד שפן הסופר. אחר שהשיב המלך דבר משליחותו הגיד לו שליחות של חלקיהו הכהן ויקרא את הספר לפניו:
And Shaphan the scribe told the king After bringing back word to the king regarding his errand, he gave him the message of Hilkiah the priest, and read the scroll before him.
וַֽיְהִי כִּשְׁמֹעַ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵת דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה וַיִּקְרַע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃
And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the Tora, that he rent his clothes.
And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the Tora, that he rent his clothes.
Rashi
ויקרע את בגדיו. כששמע שהיו קורין (דברים כ״ח:ל״ו) יולך ה' אותך ואת מלכך וגומר ודרש בעצמו אשר תקים עליך העם המליכו ולא נביא על פי הדבור:
that he rent his garments When he heard them reading (Deut. 28:36): “The Lord will lead you and the king, etc.,” he interpreted [the following words] as referring to himself: “whom you will appoint over yourself.” The people had made him king, and he was not a prince by the word [of God].
וַיְצַו הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּהוּ וְאֶת־אֲחִיקָם בֶּן־שָׁפָן וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹן בֶּן־מִיכָה וְאֵת ׀ שָׁפָן הַסּוֹפֵר וְאֵת עֲשָׂיָה עֶֽבֶד־הַמֶּלֶךְ לֵאמֹֽר׃
And the king commanded Ḥilqiyyahu, and Aĥiqam the son of Shafan, and ῾Avdon the son of Mikha, and Shafan the scribe, and ῾Asaya a servant of the king’s, saying,
And the king commanded Ḥilqiyyahu, and Aĥiqam the son of Shafan, and ῾Avdon the son of Mikha, and Shafan the scribe, and ῾Asaya a servant of the king’s, saying,
לְכוּ דִרְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהֹוָה בַּעֲדִי וּבְעַד הַנִּשְׁאָר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבִיהוּדָה עַל־דִּבְרֵי הַסֵּפֶר אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא כִּֽי־גְדוֹלָה חֲמַת־יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר נִתְּכָה בָנוּ עַל אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־שָׁמְרוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ אֶת־דְּבַר יְהֹוָה לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּכׇל־הַכָּתוּב עַל־הַסֵּפֶר הַזֶּֽה׃
Go, inquire of the Lord for me, and for those who are left in Yisra᾽el and in Yehuda, concerning the words of the book that is found: for great is the wrath of the Lord that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the Lord, to do according to all that is written in this book.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me, and for those who are left in Yisra᾽el and in Yehuda, concerning the words of the book that is found: for great is the wrath of the Lord that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the Lord, to do according to all that is written in this book.
Rashi
אשר נתכה בנו. לפי שהחמה היא אש נופל עליה לשון נתוך ודוגמתו למטה ותתך חמתי במקום הזה ולא תכבה:
which has been poured upon us Since wrath is [compared to] fire, the term pouring applies to it, and a similar instance is below (verse 25): “My wrath shall be poured down upon this place, and it shall not be quenched.”
וַיֵּלֶךְ חִלְקִיָּהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל־חֻלְדָּה הַנְּבִיאָה אֵשֶׁת ׀ שַׁלֻּם בֶּן־[תׇּקְהַת] (תוקהת) בֶּן־חַסְרָה שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּגָדִים וְהִיא יוֹשֶׁבֶת בִּירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בַּמִּשְׁנֶה וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֵלֶיהָ כָּזֹֽאת׃
And Ḥilqiyyahu, and they whom the king had appointed, went to Ḥulda the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Toqhat, the son of Ḥasra, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Yerushalayim in the second quarter:) and they spoke to her to that effect.
And Ḥilqiyyahu, and they whom the king had appointed, went to Ḥulda the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Toqhat, the son of Ḥasra, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Yerushalayim in the second quarter:) and they spoke to her to that effect.
Rashi
אל חולדה הנביאה. רבותינו דרשו לפי כי האשה רחמנית יותר מן האיש לכן לא שלח אל ירמיהו הנביא:
to Huldah the prophetess Our Sages (Meg. 14b) explained that since a woman is more merciful than a man, he did not send them to Jeremiah the prophet.
שומר הבגדים. אם תרצה לומר או בגדי כהונה או בגדי מלכות:
the keeper of the raiment If you wish, you may say that this is either the priestly raiment or the royal raiment.
יושבת בירושלים במשנה. שני חומות היו לעיר והיא יושבת בין שני החומות ותרגומו בית אולפנא פירוש במקום תורה כי לשכה אתת היתה לה לחולדה סמוכה ללשכת הגזית לשכת חולדה היתה פתוחה לחוץ וסתומה כלפי סנהדרין שבלשכת הגזית כך כתוב במסכת מדות מפני צניעות:
and she was sitting in Jerusalem in the study-hall - Heb. בַּמִּשֶׁנֶה. The city had two walls, and she lived between the two walls. The Targum renders: in the study-hall. The meaning is: in the place of Torah, for Huldah had a chamber adjacent to the Chamber of Hewn Stone. The Chamber of Huldah was open to the outside and closed toward the Sanhedrin in the Chamber of Hewn Stone. So it is written in Tractate Middoth (unknown) because of modesty.
וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִמְרוּ לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַח אֶתְכֶם אֵלָֽי׃ {ס}
And she said to them, Thus says the Lord God of Yisra᾽el, Tell the man who sent you to me,
And she said to them, Thus says the Lord God of Yisra᾽el, Tell the man who sent you to me,
Rashi
אמרו לאיש. לפי שרצה להפסיק חזון העם על המקום הזה ועל יושביו וכששילם אותו חזון אז מבאר הטיב ואל מלך יהודה השולח אתכם ומקצר נבואת המקום ויושביו ומסלקו ותופשו בנבואת המלך שהוא מרובה:
Say to the man He wished to interrupt the prophecy of the people “upon this place and upon its inhabitants,” and when he finished that prophecy, he then delineates, “And concerning the king of Judah, who sent you,” and he deals briefly with the prophecy of the palace and its inhabitants and puts it aside and focuses upon the prophecy of the king, which is long.
כֹּה אָמַר יְהֹוָה הִנְנִי מֵבִיא רָעָה עַל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְעַל־יֽוֹשְׁבָיו אֵת כׇּל־הָֽאָלוֹת הַכְּתוּבוֹת עַל־הַסֵּפֶר אֲשֶׁר קָֽרְאוּ לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃
Thus says the Lord, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon its inhabitants, namely, all the curses that are written in the book which they have read before the king of Yehuda:
Thus says the Lord, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon its inhabitants, namely, all the curses that are written in the book which they have read before the king of Yehuda:
תַּחַת ׀ אֲשֶׁר עֲזָבוּנִי (ויקטירו) [וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ] לֵאלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים לְמַעַן הַכְעִיסֵנִי בְּכֹל מַעֲשֵׂי יְדֵיהֶם וְתִתַּךְ חֲמָתִי בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְלֹא תִכְבֶּֽה׃
because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense to other gods, that they might provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be poured out upon this place, and shall not be quenched.
because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense to other gods, that they might provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be poured out upon this place, and shall not be quenched.
וְאֶל־מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה הַשֹּׁלֵחַ אֶתְכֶם לִדְרוֹשׁ בַּיהֹוָה כֹּה תֹאמְרוּ אֵלָיו {ס} כֹּֽה־אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר שָׁמָֽעְתָּ׃
And as for the king of Yehuda, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, so shall you say to him, Thus says the Lord God of Yisra᾽el concerning the words which thou hast heard;
And as for the king of Yehuda, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, so shall you say to him, Thus says the Lord God of Yisra᾽el concerning the words which thou hast heard;
יַעַן רַךְ־לְבָבְךָ וַתִּכָּנַע ׀ מִלִּפְנֵי אֱלֹהִים בְּשׇׁמְעֲךָ אֶת־דְּבָרָיו עַל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְעַל־יֹשְׁבָיו וַתִּכָּנַע לְפָנַי וַתִּקְרַע אֶת־בְּגָדֶיךָ וַתֵּבְךְּ לְפָנָי וְגַם־אֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃
Because thy heart was submissive, and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou didst hear his words against this place, and against its inhabitants, and didst humble thyself before me, and didst rend thy clothes, and weep before me; I also have heard thee, says the Lord.
Because thy heart was submissive, and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou didst hear his words against this place, and against its inhabitants, and didst humble thyself before me, and didst rend thy clothes, and weep before me; I also have heard thee, says the Lord.
הִנְנִי אֹסִפְךָ אֶל־אֲבֹתֶיךָ וְנֶאֱסַפְתָּ אֶל־קִבְרוֹתֶיךָ בְּשָׁלוֹם וְלֹא־תִרְאֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ בְּכֹל הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מֵבִיא עַל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְעַל־יֹֽשְׁבָיו וַיָּשִׁיבוּ אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּבָֽר׃ {ס}
Behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy grave in peace, and thy eyes shall not see all the evil that I will bring upon this place, and upon its inhabitants. So they brought back word to the king.
Behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy grave in peace, and thy eyes shall not see all the evil that I will bring upon this place, and upon its inhabitants. So they brought back word to the king.
Rashi
ונאספת אל קברותיך בשלום. והלא נהרג אלא בשלום מזה שלא תראינה עיניך בכל הרעה אשר אני מביא על המקום הזה ועל יושביו כלומר חורבן הבית:
and you shall be gathered to your graves in peace But was he not slain? It [means] in peace from this, that your eyes will not see all the evil that I am bringing upon this place and upon its inhabitants, i.e., the destruction of the Temple.
וַיִּשְׁלַח הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֶּאֱסֹף אֶת־כׇּל־זִקְנֵי יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Then the king sent and gathered together all the elders of Yehuda and Yerushalayim.
Then the king sent and gathered together all the elders of Yehuda and Yerushalayim.
וַיַּעַל הַמֶּלֶךְ בֵּית־יְהֹוָה וְכׇל־אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם וְכׇל־הָעָם מִגָּדוֹל וְעַד־קָטָן וַיִּקְרָא בְאׇזְנֵיהֶם אֶת־כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית הַנִּמְצָא בֵּית יְהֹוָֽה׃
And the king went up into the house of the Lord, and all the men of Yehuda, and the inhabitants of Yerushalayim, and the priests, and the Levites, and all the people, old and young: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the Lord.
And the king went up into the house of the Lord, and all the men of Yehuda, and the inhabitants of Yerushalayim, and the priests, and the Levites, and all the people, old and young: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the Lord.
Rashi
ספר הברית. הרי כל החרדה שחרד המלך על שנמצא כתוב (שם) יולך ה' אותך וראה שקראה התורה אותה ברית (שם) אלה דברי הברית ולכך אף הוא כרת ברית וראה כתוב בסמוך אחריו (שם ל"ט) ושמרתם את דברי וגו' ושמרתם אותם גם ראה יאשיהו כתוב בסמוך אתם נצבים היום כולכם וגו' עד טפכם נשיכם עד לעברך בברית עד כורת עמך היום אמר אף באותו דוגמא אכרות אף אני ברית ששם כתוב אתם נצבים וגו' אף אני ויעמד כל העם הנמצא בירושלים מקטן ועד גדול:
the Scroll of the Covenant All the fright that the king experienced was due to the words (Deut. 28: 36): “The Lord will lead you,” and he saw that the Torah called it a covenant: “These are the words of the covenant.” Therefore, he too enacted a covenant and saw written immediately following it (ibid. 29:8): “And you shall keep the words, etc., and practice them.” Josiah also saw written immediately following (ibid. verses 9ff.): “You are standing today, all of you, etc....your children, your wives...that you should pass into the covenant...enacts with you today.” He said, “In such a manner, I too shall enact a covenant, for there it is written: ‘You are standing, etc.’ I too [will do so], ‘And he caused all those found in Jerusalem, both small and great, to stand.’”
וַיַּעֲמֹד הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל־עׇמְדוֹ וַיִּכְרֹת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִית לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי יְהֹוָה וְלִשְׁמוֹר אֶת־מִצְוֺתָיו וְעֵדְוֺתָיו וְחֻקָּיו בְּכׇל־לְבָבוֹ וּבְכׇל־נַפְשׁוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־דִּבְרֵי הַבְּרִית הַכְּתוּבִים עַל־הַסֵּפֶר הַזֶּֽה׃
And the king stood in his place, and made the covenant before the Lord, to walk after the Lord, and to keep his commandments, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all his heart, and with all his soul, to perform the words of the covenant which are written in this book.
And the king stood in his place, and made the covenant before the Lord, to walk after the Lord, and to keep his commandments, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all his heart, and with all his soul, to perform the words of the covenant which are written in this book.
Rashi
בכל לבבו ובכל נפשו וגו'. אשר מצא שם כתוב (שם ל') ושבת עד ה' אלהיך בכל לבבך ובכל נפשך:
with all his heart and with all his soul as he found written there, (Deut. 30:2): “And you will return to the Lord your God, etc. with all your heart and with all your soul.”
ויעמוד המלך על עמדו. ל' נצבים:
in his place An expression of נִצָּבִים, standing.
וַיַּעֲמֵד אֵת כׇּל־הַנִּמְצָא בִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וּבִנְיָמִן וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ יוֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם כִּבְרִית אֱלֹהִים אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃
And he caused all who were present in Yerushalayim and Binyamin to stand to it. And the inhabitants of Yerushalayim did according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers.
And he caused all who were present in Yerushalayim and Binyamin to stand to it. And the inhabitants of Yerushalayim did according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers.
Rashi
כברית אלהים אלהי אבותיהם. ככל אותן שכתוב שם אלהי אבותיהם לפיכך כתיב כאן אלהי אבותיהם שכרת לאבותם במדבר וכל ברית שלשם על עבודת כוכבים דכתיב (שם כט) ותראו את שקוציהם וגו' עד פונה היום מעם ה' לפיכך ויסר יאשיהו את כל התועבות וגו':
according to the covenant of God, the God of their forefathers According to all that which is written there: “the God of their forefathers.” Therefore, it is written here, “the God of their forefathers,” which He enacted for their forefathers in the desert. And every covenant that is there concerns idolatry, as it is written (Deut. 29:16f.): “And you saw their abominations and their depravities, etc....turns away today from the Lord.” Therefore, Josiah “removed all the abominations, etc.”
וַיָּסַר יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ אֶת־כׇּל־הַתֹּעֵבוֹת מִֽכׇּל־הָאֲרָצוֹת אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽיַּעֲבֵד אֵת כׇּל־הַנִּמְצָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לַעֲבוֹד אֶת־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיהֶם כׇּל־יָמָיו לֹא סָרוּ מֵאַחֲרֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ {ס}
And Yoshiyyahu removed all the abominations out of all the territories that belonged to the children of Yisra᾽el and he enforced all that were present in Yisra᾽el to serve the Lord their God. And all his days they departed not from following the Lord, the God of their fathers.
And Yoshiyyahu removed all the abominations out of all the territories that belonged to the children of Yisra᾽el and he enforced all that were present in Yisra᾽el to serve the Lord their God. And all his days they departed not from following the Lord, the God of their fathers.
והוא עודנו נער החל לדרוש. פתרון אע"פ שהיה נער החל לדרוש אלהי דוד אביו דוגמת (ראשית ל"ו) והוא נער את בני בלהה ויבא יוסף את דבתם רעה ואין תימה בדבר אבל אם היה בן שלשים שנה לא היה עושה וזה תימה שהיה נער ואף ע"פ כן החל לדרוש וגו':
when he was still a youth, he started to seek The meaning is that although he was still a youth, he started to seek after the God of David his father. This is similar to (Gen. 37:2): “and as a youth, with the sons of Bilhah, etc., Joseph brought evil reports of them,” and this is not surprising, but if he were thirty years old, he would not have done it. It is, however, surprising, that he (Josiah) was a youth, and nevertheless, he started to seek, etc.