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36:11

בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה צִדְקִיָּהוּ בְמׇלְכוֹ וְאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

Żidqiyyahu was twenty one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for eleven years in Yerushalayim.

Żidqiyyahu was twenty one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for eleven years in Yerushalayim.

36:12

וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהָיו לֹא נִכְנַע מִלִּפְנֵי יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא מִפִּי יְהֹוָֽה׃

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord his God, and did not humble himself before Yirmeyahu the prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord.

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord his God, and did not humble himself before Yirmeyahu the prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord.

Rashi

ויעש הרע. מהו הרע שלא נכנע לפני ירמיהו הנביא מפי ה' כמפורש (בירמיהו ל״ח:י״ז) ויאמר ירמיה אל צדקיהו כה אמר ה' אלהי צבאות אלהי ישראל אם יצא תצא וגומר עד דואג אני את היהודים וגומר וחוץ מחטא זה לא חטא אלא בזה שלא שמע לדבר נביא מפי ה' ושעבר על שבועת נבוכדנאצר אבל בתועבותיו והנמצא עליו על יהויקים לא הרע לעשות, מפי ר' אליעזר ב"ר משלם זצ"ל:

And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the Lord What is the evil? That he did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, [who spoke] from the mouth of the Lord, as is explained in Jeremiah (38:17ff.): “And Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, ‘So said the Lord God of Hosts, the God of Israel: If you go out, etc.’...’I fear the Jews, etc.’” But aside from this sin, he did not sin except insofar as he did not obey the words of the prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord, and that he transgressed Nebuchadnezzar’s oath. But he did not do “his abominations and that which was found in” Jehoiakim, i.e., the evil done by Jehoiakim. [This was heard] from Rabbi Eliezer the son of Rabbi Meshullam.

36:13

וְגַם בַּמֶּלֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מָרָד אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁבִּיעוֹ בֵּאלֹהִים וַיֶּקֶשׁ אֶת־עׇרְפּוֹ וַיְאַמֵּץ אֶת־לְבָבוֹ מִשּׁוּב אֶל־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And he also rebelled against king Nevukhad­neżżar, who had made him swear by God: and he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning to the Lord God of Yisra᾽el.

And he also rebelled against king Nevukhad­neżżar, who had made him swear by God: and he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning to the Lord God of Yisra᾽el.

Rashi

אשר השביעו באלהים. כמפורש (ביחזקאל י"ז) אמר נא לבית המרי וגומר וכל הפרשה נאמר על יהויכין וצדקיהו (שם) ויקח מלכה ושריה ויבא אותם אליו בבלה זה יהויכין וסיעתו (שם) ויקח מזרע המלוכה ויכרת אתו ברית זה צדקיהו:

who adjured him by God as is explained in Ezekiel (17:12): “Say now to the rebellious house, etc.” The entire chapter was written regarding Jehoiachin and Zedekiah: (verse 13f.) “took its king and its princes, and brought them to him to Babylon,” refers to Jehoiachin and his company. “And he took of the royal seed and formed a covenant with him,” refers to Zedekiah.

36:14

גַּם כׇּל־שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהָעָם הִרְבּוּ (למעול) [לִמְעׇל־]מַעַל כְּכֹל תֹּעֲבוֹת הַגּוֹיִם וַֽיְטַמְּאוּ אֶת־בֵּית יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר הִקְדִּישׁ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

Moreover all the chiefs of the priests, and the people, transgressed very much according to all the abominations of the nations; and polluted the house of the Lord which he had hallowed in Yerushalayim.

Moreover all the chiefs of the priests, and the people, transgressed very much according to all the abominations of the nations; and polluted the house of the Lord which he had hallowed in Yerushalayim.

Rashi

גם כל שרי הכהנים. להורות את ישראל כדכתיב (דברים כ״ד:ח׳) ככל אשר יורו אתכם הכהנים הלוים לא כהנים הדיוטים למחות אלא שרי הכהנים שהיכולת בידם למחות ולא מיחו:

Also, all etc. They should have instructed Israel, as it is written (Deut. 24:8): “in accordance with all that the priests, the Levites, instruct you.” This does not refer to simple priests, who have no power to protest, but to the chiefs of the priests, who have the power to protest, but they did not protest.

ויטמאו את בית ה'. בשקוציה':

and they defiled the House of the Lord with their abominations.

אשר הקדיש בירושלים. לשכן שמו שם לעולם:

which He had hallowed in Jerusalem to cause His glory to rest there forever.

36:15

וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עֲלֵיהֶם בְּיַד מַלְאָכָיו הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ כִּֽי־חָמַל עַל־עַמּוֹ וְעַל־מְעוֹנֽוֹ׃

And the Lord God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, from morning till night; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place:

And the Lord God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, from morning till night; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place:

Rashi

וישלח ה'. כל זה צדק הדין שלא תאמר לא התרה בהם לשוב מדרכיהם הרעה אלא לאלתר ויטרוף לעד אפו לכך נאמר וישלח ה' אלהי אבותיהם עליהם ביד מלאכיו והתרה בהם לשוב מרעתם ולא פעם אחת בשנה או בחודש אלא בכל יום ויום השכם ושלוח:

And the Lord...sent upon them All this is an acknowledgment of divine justice, so that you should not say that He did not forewarn them to repent of their evil ways, as it is written: “grasped forever His anger and kept His fury forever (Amos 1:12).” Therefore, it is stated: “And the Lord God of their forefathers sent upon them through His messengers,” and forewarned them to repent of their evil, and not once a year or a month, but every day, “sending them with every fresh morn.”

כי חמל על עמו. ולא חפץ במיתתן:

for He had pity on His people and did not desire their death.

ועל מעונו. על דירת בית המקדש שאפילו מלך בשר ודם חומל על עמו ועל בית מדורו מלהחריבם:

and on His abode on the abode of the Temple, for even a flesh and blood king has pity on his people and on his abode, not to destroy them.

36:16

וַיִּהְיוּ מַלְעִבִים בְּמַלְאֲכֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וּבוֹזִים דְּבָרָיו וּמִֽתַּעְתְּעִים בִּנְבִאָיו עַד עֲלוֹת חֲמַת־יְהֹוָה בְּעַמּוֹ עַד־לְאֵין מַרְפֵּֽא׃

but they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and scoffed at his prophets, until the wrath of the Lord mounted against his people, till there was no remedy.

but they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and scoffed at his prophets, until the wrath of the Lord mounted against his people, till there was no remedy.

Rashi

ויהיו מלעיבים במלאכי האלהים. בשלוחי הקדוש ברוך הוא:

But they mocked the messengers of God the messengers of the Holy One, blessed be He.

ובוזים דבריו. של הקב"ה שודאי הדין עמו שאפילו שלוחי בשר ודם אין מבזין אותן ויראים לעבור על צוויו בין לרע בין לטוב ועמו בזו דבריו והלעיבו ותעתעו בנביאיו כל כך וגו':

and despised His words [The words] of the Holy One, blessed be He, for surely He is just. No one mocks even messengers of a flesh and blood [king] and they are afraid to transgress his command, whether for bad or for good, but His people despised His words and mocked and scoffed at His messengers, etc.

36:17

וַיַּעַל עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־מֶלֶךְ (כשדיים) [כַּשְׂדִּים] וַיַּהֲרֹג בַּחוּרֵיהֶם בַּחֶרֶב בְּבֵית מִקְדָּשָׁם וְלֹא חָמַל עַל־בָּחוּר וּבְתוּלָה זָקֵן וְיָשֵׁשׁ הַכֹּל נָתַן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ {ס}        

So he brought upon them the king of the Kasdim, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion either upon young men, or virgins, old men, or feeble: he gave them all into his hand.

So he brought upon them the king of the Kasdim, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion either upon young men, or virgins, old men, or feeble: he gave them all into his hand.

Rashi

ויעל עליהם את מלך כשדים. שהם אומה שפלה שנאמר (ישעיה כג) הן כשדים עם לא היה וכאן נתקיים (דברים ל"ב) הם קנאוני בלא אל וגומר עד בגוי נבל אכעיסם:

And He brought upon them the king of the Chaldeans who were a lowly nation, as it is said (Isa. 23:13): “Behold the land of the Chaldees, this people has never been,” and here was fulfilled (Deut. 32:21): “They provoked Me with a non-god, etc....I will provoke them to anger with a vile nation.”

ויהרוג בחוריהם בחרב בבית מקדשם. והושב להם גמולם שכתוב ויטמאו את בית ה' ונתקיים מה שאמר (יחזקאל ט') והכו אל תחוס עיניכם וגו' עד צאו ויצאו והכו בעיר:

and he slew their young men by the sword in their Temple and their recompense was requited them, as is written above (verse 14): “and they defiled the House of the Lord,” and that which He said was fulfilled, (Ezek. 9:5ff.): “’and smite, let not your eye spare, etc....and go out,’ and they went out and smote in the city.”

ולא חמל על בחור ובתולה זקן וישש. מה שאין כן מנהג אנשי חיילים כשנוצחים במלחמה והורגי' אנשי המלחמה אבל על זקן בחור ובתולה חומלים ומתמלאים רחמים וגם נבואת משה רבינו נתקיימה (דברים לב) מחוץ תשכל חרב ומחדרים אימה גם בחור גם בתולה וגומר:

and he had pity neither on youth nor virgin, elder nor ancient one unlike the custom of soldiers, who, when they are victorious in war, slay the combatants, but pity the elders, the youths, and the virgins, and are filled with compassion for them, and Moses’ prophecy was fulfilled (Deut. 32:25): “The sword will bereave from outside and terror from within, youth, etc.”

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Koren Jerusalem Bible · License: CC-BY-NC
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD
  • English: The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg · License: CC-BY

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