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2:1

וְֽהָיָה מִסְפַּר בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּחוֹל הַיָּם אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא־יִמַּד וְלֹא יִסָּפֵר וְֽהָיָה בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יֵאָמֵר לָהֶם לֹא־עַמִּי אַתֶּם יֵאָמֵר לָהֶם בְּנֵי אֵֽל־חָֽי׃

Yet the number of the children of Yisra᾽el shall be like the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured or numbered; and it shall come to pass, that instead of that which was said to them, You are not my people, it shall be said to them, You are the sons of the living God.

Yet the number of the children of Yisra᾽el shall be like the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured or numbered; and it shall come to pass, that instead of that which was said to them, You are not my people, it shall be said to them, You are the sons of the living God.

Rashi

והיה מספר. מה ענין פורענות ונחמה סמוכין בדבור אחד, ורבותינו פירשו בפסחים הרגיש הושע בעצמו שחטא על שאמר החליפם עמד ובקש עליהם רחמים, ובספרי דבי רב פרשת וישב ישראל בשטים שנינו רבי אומר יש פרשיות סמוכות זו לזו ורחוקות זו מזו כרחוק מזרח ממערב כי אתם לא עמי והיה מספר בני ישראל כחול הים מה ענין זה אצל זה משל למלך שכעס על אשתו שלח אחר הסופר לבוא ולכתוב לה גט עד שלא בא הסופר נתרצה המלך לאשתו אמר המלך אפשר יצא סופר זה מכאן חלוק כלומר לבו חלוק ותוהה לומר למה שלח אחרי אמר לו בא וכתוב לה שאני כופל לה כתובתה ולפי פשוטו כך היא סמיכתו כי אתם לא עמי ואנכי לא אהיה לכם אראה עצמי כאילו איני לכם ותגלו לבין האומות ואף שם תרבו ותצמחו ושם תשובו אל לבבכם לשוב אלי כמו שנאמר על ידי משה (דברים ל) והשבות אל לבבך בכל הגוים אשר הדיחך וגו' ושב ה' אלהיך את שבותך וגו' אף כאן ונקבצו בני יהודה ובני ישראל יחדיו וגו':

And the number...shall be What is the connection of retribution and consolation juxtaposed in one speech? Our Rabbis explained in Pesachim (87b): Hosea felt that he had sinned by saying, “Exchange them for another nation.” He stood and begged mercy for them (See above 1:2). And in Sifrei Devei Rav, in the section commencing: “And Israel abode in Shittim” (Num. 25) we learned: Rabbi says: Some sections are close to each other yet as far apart as east is far from west. “For you are not My people... And the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea.” What is the connection of one to the other? This can be compared to a king who became angry with his wife. He summoned a scribe to come and write a bill of divorcement. Before the scribe arrived, the king became reconciled with his wife. Said the king, “Is it possible that this scribe should leave here divided?” I.e. his heart should be divided and bewildered, saying, “Why did the king send for me?” He said to him, “Come and write that I am doubling her kethubah.” And according to its simple meaning, this is the reason for its juxtaposition. “For you are not My people, and I will not be yours.” I will show Myself as though I am not yours, and you shall be exiled among the nations, and even there you shall multiply and grow, and there you shall lay it to your heart to return to Me, as it is said through Moses (Deut. 30:1,3): “And you shall lay it to your heart among all the nations where...has exiled you etc. And the Lord your God shall return your captivity.” Here too, “And the children of Judah and the children of Israel shall be gathered together.”

2:2

וְנִקְבְּצוּ בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה וּבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל יַחְדָּו וְשָׂמוּ לָהֶם רֹאשׁ אֶחָד וְעָלוּ מִן־הָאָרֶץ כִּי גָדוֹל יוֹם יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃

Then shall the children of Yehuda and the children of Yisra᾽el be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Yizre᾽el.

Then shall the children of Yehuda and the children of Yisra᾽el be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Yizre᾽el.

Rashi

ראש אחד. דוד מלכם:

one head David their king.

כי גדול יום. קבוץ זריעתם:

for great is the day of Jezreel The gathering of their sowing.

2:3

אִמְרוּ לַאֲחֵיכֶם עַמִּי וְלַאֲחוֹתֵיכֶם רֻחָֽמָה׃

Say to your brothers, ῾Ammi (My people;) and to your sisters, Ruĥama (Pitied.)

Say to your brothers, ῾Ammi (My people;) and to your sisters, Ruĥama (Pitied.)

Rashi

אמרו לאחיכם עמי. כתרגומו תובו לאורייתי ועל כנישתכון ארחם:

Say to your brethren, “Ammi” To be explained according to the Targum: Return to My Torah, and I will grant clemency to your nation.

2:4

רִיבוּ בְאִמְּכֶם רִיבוּ כִּי־הִיא לֹא אִשְׁתִּי וְאָנֹכִי לֹא אִישָׁהּ וְתָסֵר זְנוּנֶיהָ מִפָּנֶיהָ וְנַאֲפוּפֶיהָ מִבֵּין שָׁדֶֽיהָ׃

Contend with your mother, contend: for she is not my wife, nor am I her husband: let her therefore put away her harlotry out of her sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts;

Contend with your mother, contend: for she is not my wife, nor am I her husband: let her therefore put away her harlotry out of her sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts;

Rashi

ריבו באמכם. בכנסייה שלכם של עכשיו שהיא אם לדורות הבאים:

Strive with your mother, strive With your nation of today, which is the mother of future generations.

מבין שדיה. דרך הנואפות שממעכין להם בין דדיהם ויונתן תירגם ופולחן טעותהא מבין קירוהא:

and her adulteries from between her breasts It is customary among the adulteresses that they [i.e., their lovers] squeeze them between their breasts. Jonathan renders: And the worship of idols from among her cities.

2:5

פֶּן־אַפְשִׁיטֶנָּה עֲרֻמָּה וְהִצַּגְתִּיהָ כְּיוֹם הִוָּֽלְדָהּ וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כַמִּדְבָּר וְשַׁתִּהָ כְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה וַהֲמִתִּיהָ בַּצָּמָֽא׃

lest I strip her naked, and set her as in the day that she was born, and make her as a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and slay her with thirst.

lest I strip her naked, and set her as in the day that she was born, and make her as a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and slay her with thirst.

Rashi

כיום הולדה. כיום שמצאתיה במצרים כמו שמפורש ביחזקאל (יחזקאל ט״ז:ד׳) ומולדתך ביום הולדת אותך לא כרת שרך ותושלכי על פני השדה בגועל נפשך לא חסה עליך עין (שם):

as [on] the day she was born Like the day that I found her in Egypt, as is delineated in Ezekiel (16: 4, 5): “And as for your birth, on the day you were born your navel was not cut etc. No eye took pity on you etc. with a loathing of your body.”

כמדבר. גזירות שגזרתי עליהם במדבר שם יתמו ושם ימותו (במדבר י״ד:ל״ה):

like a desert This alludes to the decrees that I decreed upon you (Parshandatha: them) in the desert, viz. that there they should perish and there they would die (Num. 14:35).

והמתיה. ואקטלינה:

and [I will] cause her to die Jonathan renders: And I will kill her.

2:6

וְאֶת־בָּנֶיהָ לֹא אֲרַחֵם כִּֽי־בְנֵי זְנוּנִים הֵֽמָּה׃

And I will not have mercy upon her children; for they are the children of harlotry.

And I will not have mercy upon her children; for they are the children of harlotry.

2:7

כִּי זָֽנְתָה אִמָּם הֹבִישָׁה הוֹרָתָם כִּי אָמְרָה אֵלְכָה אַחֲרֵי מְאַֽהֲבַי נֹתְנֵי לַחְמִי וּמֵימַי צַמְרִי וּפִשְׁתִּי שַׁמְנִי וְשִׁקּוּיָֽי׃

For their mother has played the harlot: she who conceived them has acted shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers, who give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, my oil and my drink.

For their mother has played the harlot: she who conceived them has acted shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers, who give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, my oil and my drink.

Rashi

אמם. כנסיה שלהם:

their mother Their nation.

הובישה הורתם. בהיתו מלפיהון החכמים המורים להם הוראות בושים מפני עמי הארץ אומרים להם לא תגנובו והם גונבים לא תלוו ברבית והם מלווים:

she who conceived them behaved shamefully Jonathan, who renders: Their teachers are ashamed. The wise men who teach them with instructions are ashamed before the ignorant populace. They tell them, “You shall not steal,” but they steal. “You shall not lend for interest,” but they lend.

אחרי מאהבי. בדרכי העכו"ם:

after my lovers In the ways of the nations.

2:8

לָכֵן הִנְנִי־שָׂךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ בַּסִּירִים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי אֶת־גְּדֵרָהּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ לֹא תִמְצָֽא׃

Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and make a wall against her, that she shall not find her paths.

Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and make a wall against her, that she shall not find her paths.

Rashi

הנני שך. ל' סגירה כמו הסר משוכתו (ישעיהו ה׳:ה׳) כמשוכת חדק (משלי טו):

behold I will close off Heb. שָׂךְ an expression of closing. Comp. (Isaiah 5:5) “remove its hedge (מְשׂוּכָּתוֹ)”; (Proverbs 15:19) “as though hedged (כִּמְשֻּׂכַת) by thorns.”

את דרכך. דרכים ושבילים שאת הולכת בהם:

your way The ways and paths in which you go.

2:9

וְרִדְּפָה אֶת־מְאַהֲבֶיהָ וְלֹא־תַשִּׂיג אֹתָם וּבִקְשָׁתַם וְלֹא תִמְצָא וְאָמְרָה אֵלְכָה וְאָשׁוּבָה אֶל־אִישִׁי הָרִאשׁוֹן כִּי טוֹב לִי אָז מֵעָֽתָּה׃

And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shall not catch them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then she shall say, I will go and return to my first husband; for then it was better with me than now.

And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shall not catch them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then she shall say, I will go and return to my first husband; for then it was better with me than now.

Rashi

ורדפה. ממשקלות לשון כבד הוא זה כמו (שם יב) ומרדף רקים פורקציי"ר בלע"ז כלומר תחזור אחריהם ולא תשיגם:

And she shall pursue Heb. וְרִדְּפָה This is one of the intensive conjugations. Comp. (Proverbs 12:11) “and he who pursues empty ones” (porcacier in O.F:, poursuivra in modern French), to pursue. I.e. she will follow them and not overtake them.

את מאהביה. מצרים ואשור ולא תוכלי לבקש מהם עזרה:

her lovers Egypt and Assyria, and you will not be able to seek aid from them.

ובקשתם. ובקשה אותם:

and she shall seek them Heb. וּבִקְשָׁתַם, a combination of וּבִקְשָׁה אוֹתָם.

2:10

וְהִיא לֹא יָֽדְעָה כִּי אָֽנֹכִי נָתַתִּי לָהּ הַדָּגָן וְהַתִּירוֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָר וְכֶסֶף הִרְבֵּיתִי לָהּ וְזָהָב עָשׂוּ לַבָּֽעַל׃

For she did not know that it was I who gave her the corn, and the wine, and the oil, and multiplied silver and gold for her, which they used for the Ba῾al.

For she did not know that it was I who gave her the corn, and the wine, and the oil, and multiplied silver and gold for her, which they used for the Ba῾al.

Rashi

לא ידעה. לא שמה אל לבה והראית עצמה כלא יודעת:

But she did not know She did not lay it to her heart, but showed herself as unknowing.

וכסף הרביתי לה וזהב. והם עשאוהו לבעל:

and I gave her much silver and gold but they made it for Baal.

2:11

לָכֵן אָשׁוּב וְלָקַחְתִּי דְגָנִי בְּעִתּוֹ וְתִירוֹשִׁי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ וְהִצַּלְתִּי צַמְרִי וּפִשְׁתִּי לְכַסּוֹת אֶת־עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃

Therefore I will take back my corn in its time, and my wine in its season, and will take away my wool and my flax which were to cover her nakedness.

Therefore I will take back my corn in its time, and my wine in its season, and will take away my wool and my flax which were to cover her nakedness.

Rashi

בעתו. בעת גמר בישול הפירות:

in its time At the time the produce completes its ripening.

והצלתי. ממנה:

and I will separate [Heb. וְהִצַּלְתִּי] from her.

צמרי ופשתי. אשר היה לכסות את ערותה, כל הצלה שבמקרא לשון תרומה והפרשה הוא ומוכיח עליו ויצל אלהים את מקנה אביכם (בראשית ל״א:ט׳) כי כל העושר אשר הציל (שם):

My wool and My flax. which was to cover her nakedness. Every expression of הָצָלָה in Scripture is an expression of separation and setting apart. Proof of this we find in (Gen. 31:9) “And God separated (וַיַצֵּל) your father’s cattle,” (ibid.:16) “For all the wealth that... separated (הִצִיל).”

2:12

וְעַתָּה אֲגַלֶּה אֶת־נַבְלֻתָהּ לְעֵינֵי מְאַהֲבֶיהָ וְאִישׁ לֹא־יַצִּילֶנָּה מִיָּדִֽי׃

And now I will uncover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and none shall deliver her out of my hand.

And now I will uncover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and none shall deliver her out of my hand.

Rashi

ואיש לא יצילנה מידי. אף זכות אבותם תמה:

and no man shall save her from My hand Even the merits of the Patriarchs have been depleted. [from Shabbath 55a]

2:13

וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי כׇּל־מְשׂוֹשָׂהּ חַגָּהּ חׇדְשָׁהּ וְשַׁבַּתָּהּ וְכֹל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃

I will also bring all her mirth to an end, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her appointed times.

I will also bring all her mirth to an end, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her appointed times.

2:14

וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִי גַּפְנָהּ וּתְאֵנָתָהּ אֲשֶׁר אָמְרָה אֶתְנָה הֵמָּה לִי אֲשֶׁר נָתְנוּ־לִי מְאַהֲבָי וְשַׂמְתִּים לְיַעַר וַאֲכָלָתַם חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃

And I will blight her vines and her fig trees, concerning which she has said, These are my rewards that my lovers have given me: and I will make them a forest, and the wild beasts shall eat them.

And I will blight her vines and her fig trees, concerning which she has said, These are my rewards that my lovers have given me: and I will make them a forest, and the wild beasts shall eat them.

Rashi

והשמותי. לשון שממה:

And I will lay waste Heb. וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִי, an expression of desolation (שְּׁמָמָה).

אתנה. כמו אתנן:

hire אֶתְנָה, like אֶתְנָן.

ושמתים ליער. שהחיות מהלכות שם ואוכלות הפירות:

and I will make them a forest where the beasts walk and eat the fruit.

2:15

וּפָקַדְתִּי עָלֶיהָ אֶת־יְמֵי הַבְּעָלִים אֲשֶׁר תַּקְטִיר לָהֶם וַתַּעַד נִזְמָהּ וְחֶלְיָתָהּ וַתֵּלֶךְ אַחֲרֵי מְאַהֲבֶיהָ וְאֹתִי שָׁכְחָה נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}        

And I will visit upon her the days of the Be῾alim, on which she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgot me, says the Lord.

And I will visit upon her the days of the Be῾alim, on which she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgot me, says the Lord.

Rashi

ופקדתי עליה. שכר פורענות:

And I will visit upon her the retribution of...

ימי הבעלים אשר תקטיר. תמיד להם ול' הווה הוא:

the days of the baalim to whom she burnt incense constantly to them, and this is a present tense.

ותעד נזמה וחליתה. ל' עדי כזונה המתקשטת לקראת נואפים:

and she adorned herself with her earrings and her jewelry Heb. וַתַּעַד, an expression of jewelry (עֲדִי). Like a harlot who adorns herself to greet her paramours.

וחליתה. בל' ערבי הוא קישוט:

And חֶלְיָתָה is an Arabic term meaning jewelry.

2:16

לָכֵן הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי מְפַתֶּיהָ וְהֹלַכְתִּיהָ הַמִּדְבָּר וְדִבַּרְתִּי עַל־לִבָּֽהּ׃

Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak tenderly to her.

Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak tenderly to her.

Rashi

לכן הנה אנכי מפתיה. משדלה להמשך אחרי לוזאניי"ר בלע"ז ומהו הפיתוי והולכתיה המדבר בגולה שהוא לה כמדבר וציה ושם תשיב אל לבה כי טוב לה כשעשתה רצוני מכשמרדה בי:

Therefore, behold I will allure her I will persuade her to be drawn after Me (losanjier in O.F., to flatter or cajole). Other editions read: atrayray in O.F. (attirerai). I will lure, attract. And what is the allurement? and lead her into the desert In exile, which is to her like a desert and a wasteland. And there she will lay up to her heart that it was better for her when she performed My will than when she rebelled against Me.

2:17

וְנָתַתִּי לָהּ אֶת־כְּרָמֶיהָ מִשָּׁם וְאֶת־עֵמֶק עָכוֹר לְפֶתַח תִּקְוָה וְעָנְתָה שָּׁמָּה כִּימֵי נְעוּרֶיהָ וּכְיוֹם עֲלוֹתָהּ מֵאֶרֶץ־מִצְרָֽיִם׃

And will give her her vineyards from there, and the valley of ῾Akhor (Troubling) for a Gate of Hope: and she shall respond there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Miżrayim.

And will give her her vineyards from there, and the valley of ῾Akhor (Troubling) for a Gate of Hope: and she shall respond there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Miżrayim.

Rashi

את כרמיה. ת"י לשון פרנסים ומנהיגים וכן לא יפנה דרך כרמים (איוב כ״ד:י״ח) וכן כרמי שלי לא נטרתי (שיר השירים א׳:ו׳) ד"א והולכתיה המדבר למדבר סיחון ועוג ובסגנון זה נתנבא (יחזקאל כ׳:ל״ה) שנאמר והבאתי אתכם אל מדבר העמים ונשפטתי אתכם שם כאשר נשפטתי את אבותיכם והבאתי אתכם במסורת הברית וברותי מכם המורדים וגו' והכשרים אקיים וזהו את כרמיה:

her vineyards Jonathan rendered this as an expression of managers and leaders. Comp. (Job 24: 18) “he will not face the way of the vineyards,” meaning that the people of the generation of the flood had made up their mind not to follow the righteous leaders, such as Noah and Methusalah. And so, (Song 1:6) “my vineyard I did not guard.” The allusion is to the worship of idols instead of worshipping God, the Leader. Another explanation: and lead her into the desert To the desert of Sihon and Og, and with the same expression Ezekiel prophesied (20:35, 38), “And I will bring you there to the desert of the peoples, and I will contend with you there, etc. As I continued with your forefathers etc., and I will bring them into the tradition of the covenant. And I will purge you of those who rebel...” but the righteous I will keep alive. That is the intention of “her vineyards.” [from Ruth Rabbah 5:6, Pesikta d’Rav Kahana 49b].

ואת עמק עכור. עומק הצרות שהן עכורים שם אתן לה לפתח תקוה שמתוך אותן צרות תתן לב לשוב אלי:

and the depth of trouble Heb. עֶמֶק עָכוּר. The depth of the exile where they were troubled I will give her for a door of hope (an expectation of hope), for, out of those troubles, she will take heart to return to Me.

וענתה שמה. ל' דירה כמו מעון אריות (נחום ב):

and she shall dwell there Heb. וְעָנְתָה, an expression of dwelling. Comp. (Nahum 2:12) “a den (מְעוֹן) of lions.” [from Machbereth Menachem p. 135]

כימי נעוריה. שישבה במצרים ימים רבים:

as in the days of her youth when she dwelt in Egypt a long time.

וכיום עלותה וגו'. שצעקה אלי ממצרים מתוך שיעבוד וגאלתיה כן גם עתה:

and as the day of her ascent, etc. as Israel cried out to me in Egypt because of the subjugation and I redeemed her, so also now.

2:18

וְהָיָה בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה תִּקְרְאִי אִישִׁי וְלֹא־תִקְרְאִי־לִי עוֹד בַּעְלִֽי׃

And it shall be on that day, says the Lord, that thou shalt say, Ishi (my Husband;) and shalt no more say to me Ba῾ali (my Master.)

And it shall be on that day, says the Lord, that thou shalt say, Ishi (my Husband;) and shalt no more say to me Ba῾ali (my Master.)

Rashi

תקראי אישי וגו'. תעבדוני מאהבה ולא מיראה אישי לשון אישות וחיבת נעורים:

you shall call [Me] Ishi, etc You shall worship Me out of love and not out of fear. Ishi is an expression of marriage and the love of one’s youth.

בעלי. לשון אדנות ומורא ורבותינו פירשו ככלה בבית חמיה ולא ככלה בבית אביה:

Baali An expression of mastership and fear. And our Rabbis (Pesachim 87a, Kethuboth 71b) explained: Like a bride in her father-in-law’s house, and not like a bride in her father’s house.

2:19

וַהֲסִרֹתִי אֶת־שְׁמוֹת הַבְּעָלִים מִפִּיהָ וְלֹא־יִזָּכְרוּ עוֹד בִּשְׁמָֽם׃

For I will take away the names of the Be῾alim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be mentioned by their name.

For I will take away the names of the Be῾alim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be mentioned by their name.

Rashi

ולא יזכרו עוד. ישראל בשמם של בעלים או לא יזכרו הבעלים בשמם של ישראל לומר שהם אלהות להם או לא יזכר שם הבעלים עוד כד"א (ישעיהו ב׳:י״ח) והאלילים כליל יחלוף:

and they shall no longer be mentioned I.e. Israel shall no longer be mentioned by the name of the baalim. Or, the baalim shall no longer be mentioned by the name of Israel, saying that they are their gods. Or, the name of the baalim shall no longer be mentioned, as it is stated. (Isa. 2:18) “And the idols shall completely pass away.”

2:20

וְכָרַתִּי לָהֶם בְּרִית בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא עִם־חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה וְעִם־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וְרֶמֶשׂ הָאֲדָמָה וְקֶשֶׁת וְחֶרֶב וּמִלְחָמָה אֶשְׁבּוֹר מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְהִשְׁכַּבְתִּים לָבֶֽטַח׃

And on that day I will make a covenant for them with the wild beasts, and with the birds of the sky, and with the creeping things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them lie down in safety.

And on that day I will make a covenant for them with the wild beasts, and with the birds of the sky, and with the creeping things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them lie down in safety.

Rashi

עם חית השדה. שאשבית מזיקין מן העולם וכה"א (שם יא) לא ירעו ולא ישחיתו וגו':

with the beasts of the field for I will destroy harmful creatures from the world. And so Scripture states (Isa. 11:9): “They shall neither harm nor destroy etc.”

2:21

וְאֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ לִי לְעוֹלָם וְאֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ לִי בְּצֶדֶק וּבְמִשְׁפָּט וּבְחֶסֶד וּֽבְרַחֲמִֽים׃

And I will betroth thee to me for ever; and I will betroth thee to me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in loyal love, and in mercies.

And I will betroth thee to me for ever; and I will betroth thee to me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in loyal love, and in mercies.

Rashi

בצדק ובמשפט. שתתנהגו בהן:

with righteousness and with justice which you practice.

ובחסד וברחמים. שיבא לך מאתי על ידיהם באברהם אבינו כתיב (בראשית י״ח:י״ט) כי ידעתיו למען אשר יצוה וגו' לעשות צדקה ומשפט וכנגדן נתן לבניו חסד ורחמים מאת הקב"ה שנאמר (דברים י״ג:י״ח) ונתן לך רחמים ושמר ה' אלהיך לך את הברית ואת החסד (שם יז) פסקו מן הצדקה והמשפט כמו שנאמר (עמוס ה׳:ז׳) ההופכים ללענה משפט וצדקה לארץ הניחו אף הקב"ה אסף מהם החסד והרחמים שנ' (ירמיהו ט״ו:א׳) כי אספתי את שלומי מאת העם הזה את החסד ואת הרחמים וכשיחזרו לעשות צדקה ומשפט שנאמר (ישעיהו א׳:כ״ז) ציון במשפט תפדה וגו' הקב"ה מוסיף עליהם רחמים וחסד ועושה אותן עטרה לארבעתן ומושיבן בראשן:

and with loving-kindness and with mercy which will come to you from Me because of them. Concerning our father Abraham, it is written (Gen 18:19): “For I love him since he commands etc. to perform righteousness and justice.” And, corresponding to them, He bestowed upon his children loving-kindness and mercy, as it is said (Deut. 13:18): “And He shall grant you mercy”; (ibid. 7:12) “And the Lord your God shall keep for you the covenant and the loving-kindness.” When they ceased to perform righteousness and justice, as it is said (Amos 5:7): “Those who turn justice into wormwood, and righteousness they leave on the ground,” also the Holy One, blessed be He, took away from them the loving-kindness and the mercy, as it is said (Jer. 16:5): “for I have gathered in My peace from this people, says the Lord, the loving- kindness and the mercies.” And when they will return to perform righteousness and justice, they shall be redeemed immediately, as it is said (Isa. 1:27): “Zion shall be redeemed through justice, and her penitent through righteousness.” And the Holy One, blessed be He, will add mercy and loving- kindness to them and make a crown of all four of them and place it on their head.

2:22

וְאֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ לִי בֶּאֱמוּנָה וְיָדַעַתְּ אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}

And I will betroth thee to me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the Lord.

And I will betroth thee to me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the Lord.

Rashi

וארשתיך לי באמונה. בשכר האמונה שהאמנת בגולה להבטחות שעל ידי נביאי:

And I will betroth you to Me with faith For the reward of the faith, for, while in exile, you believed in the promises through My prophets. [from Mechilta 14:31 with variations]

2:23

וְהָיָה ׀ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֶֽעֱנֶה נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה אֶעֱנֶה אֶת־הַשָּׁמָיִם וְהֵם יַעֲנוּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

And it shall come to pass on that day, that I will respond, says the Lord; I will answer the heavens, and they shall answer the earth;

And it shall come to pass on that day, that I will respond, says the Lord; I will answer the heavens, and they shall answer the earth;

Rashi

אענה את השמים. לצוק אל השחקים מפלג הטוב התלוים במאמר והם יענו לצוק מים על הארץ:

I will answer the heavens to pour upon the clouds from the rivulet of good that depends on My word. They will, in turn, answer to pour water upon the earth.

2:24

וְהָאָרֶץ תַּעֲנֶה אֶת־הַדָּגָן וְאֶת־הַתִּירוֹשׁ וְאֶת־הַיִּצְהָר וְהֵם יַעֲנוּ אֶֽת־יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃

and the earth shall answer the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall answer Yizre᾽el.

and the earth shall answer the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall answer Yizre᾽el.

Rashi

את יזרעאל. את בני הגולה שנזרעו ונקבצו:

Jezreel The people of the exile who were scattered and then in gathered.

2:25

וּזְרַעְתִּיהָ לִּי בָּאָרֶץ וְרִחַמְתִּי אֶת־לֹא רֻחָמָה וְאָמַרְתִּי לְלֹֽא־עַמִּי עַמִּי־אַתָּה וְהוּא יֹאמַר אֱלֹהָֽי׃ {פ}

And I will sow her to me in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them that were not my people. Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art my God.

And I will sow her to me in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them that were not my people. Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art my God.

Rashi

וזרעתיה לי. כזורע סאה להכניס כמה כורין כן יתוספו עליהן בארץ ישראל כמה גרים:

And I will sow her for Me in the land As one who sows a se’ah in order to gather many korim, so will many proselytes be added to them. [from Pesachim 87b]

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Koren Jerusalem Bible · License: CC-BY-NC
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD
  • English: The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg · License: CC-BY

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