Tanach
Melachim I 1:32-53 מלכים א א׳:ל״ב-נ״ג
Part of: Chapter 1
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר ׀ הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד קִרְאוּ־לִי לְצָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן וּלְנָתָן הַנָּבִיא וְלִבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָע וַיָּבֹאוּ לִפְנֵי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
And Dovid Hamelech said, “Summon unto me Tzodok, the kohein, and Nosson, the prophet, and Bnoyohu ben Yehoyodoh,” and they came before the king.
And Dovid Hamelech said, “Summon unto me Tzodok, the kohein, and Nosson, the prophet, and Bnoyohu ben Yehoyodoh,” and they came before the king.
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לָהֶם קְחוּ עִמָּכֶם אֶת־עַבְדֵי אֲדֹנֵיכֶם וְהִרְכַּבְתֶּם אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹה בְנִי עַל־הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁר־לִי וְהוֹרַדְתֶּם אֹתוֹ אֶל־גִּחֽוֹן׃
And the king said to them, “Take the servants of your lord with you, and ride my son, Shlomo, on my personal mule, and bring him down to Gichon.
And the king said to them, “Take the servants of your lord with you, and ride my son, Shlomo, on my personal mule, and bring him down to Gichon.
Rashi
אל גיחון. הוא מעיין השילוח, מכאן שאין מושחין את המלכים אלא על המעיין, סימן שתמשך מלכותו:
To Gichon. [Gichon] is the well of Shilo’ach. From this [episode is derived the custom] not to anoint the kings except at the well, to symbolize thereby that his kingship shall continue on and on.27As the waters of a well do.
וּמָשַׁח אֹתוֹ שָׁם צָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן וְנָתָן הַנָּבִיא לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וּתְקַעְתֶּם בַּשּׁוֹפָר וַאֲמַרְתֶּם יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃
He shall be annointed there by Tzodok, the kohein and Nosson, the prophet, as king over Yisroel’ and blow the shofar and say, ‘Long live Shlomo, Hamelech”
He shall be annointed there by Tzodok, the kohein and Nosson, the prophet, as king over Yisroel’ and blow the shofar and say, ‘Long live Shlomo, Hamelech”
Rashi
ומשח אותו. נותן לו שמן בין ריסי עיניו, כמין נזר כזה:
And he shall be anointed. He places the oil between his eyelids in the form of a crown.28See Maseches Horiyos 12a.
וַעֲלִיתֶם אַחֲרָיו וּבָא וְיָשַׁב עַל־כִּסְאִי וְהוּא יִמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּי וְאֹתוֹ צִוִּיתִי לִֽהְיוֹת נָגִיד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃
And you come up after him, and he will come and sit on my throne, and he will reign instead of me. It is he that I have commanded to be the ruler over Yisroel and over Yehudah.”
And you come up after him, and he will come and sit on my throne, and he will reign instead of me. It is he that I have commanded to be the ruler over Yisroel and over Yehudah.”
וַיַּעַן בְּנָיָהוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָע אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר ׀ אָמֵן כֵּן יֹאמַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
And Benoyohu ben Yehoyodoh answered the king and said, “Amein, may this be the will of Adonoy, the God of my lord, the king.
And Benoyohu ben Yehoyodoh answered the king and said, “Amein, may this be the will of Adonoy, the God of my lord, the king.
Rashi
אמן. שיחיה שלמה:
Amein. [Long] live Shlomo.29“Amein” serves as an affirmation to this proclamation.
כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיָה יְהֹוָה עִם־אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ כֵּן (יהי) [יִהְיֶה] עִם־שְׁלֹמֹה וִֽיגַדֵּל אֶת־כִּסְאוֹ מִכִּסֵּא אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִֽד׃
Just as Adonoy was with my lord, the king, so may He be with Shlomo, and may He make his throne greater than the throne of my lord, Dovid Hamelech.
Just as Adonoy was with my lord, the king, so may He be with Shlomo, and may He make his throne greater than the throne of my lord, Dovid Hamelech.
Rashi
מכסא אדוני המלך. מכאן שאין אדם מתקנא בבנו:
Than the throne of my lord Dovid Hamelech. From this [we derive] that a father is not envious of his son.30See Maseches Sanhedrin 105b.
וַיֵּרֶד צָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן וְנָתָן הַנָּבִיא וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָע וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וַיַּרְכִּבוּ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹה עַל־פִּרְדַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד וַיֹּלִכוּ אֹתוֹ עַל־גִּחֽוֹן׃
And Tzodok, the kohein went down, [with] Nosson, the prophet, and [with] Bnoyohu ben Yehoyodoh, and the archers and sling shooters; and they had Shlomo ride on Dovid Hamelech’s mule and they escorted him to Gichon.
And Tzodok, the kohein went down, [with] Nosson, the prophet, and [with] Bnoyohu ben Yehoyodoh, and the archers and sling shooters; and they had Shlomo ride on Dovid Hamelech’s mule and they escorted him to Gichon.
Rashi
והכרתי והפלתי. תרגם יונתן: וקשתיא וקלעיא. ורבותינו אמרו (ברכות ד א): אורים ותומים:
And the archers and the sling shooters. [Targum] Yonoson rendered, “the archers and the sling shooters.”31Alternatively, כרתי ופלתי refers to the Sanhedrin.—Ralbag But our Rabbis maintained [that it refers to] the Urim and Tumim.32The Urim and Tumim are called “כרתי ופלתי”; כרתי because their words are “cut” [כרת], i.e., they render irrevocable decisions and פלתי because they are “wondrous” [פלא] in revealing the future. See Maseches Berachos 4a.
וַיִּקַּח צָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־קֶרֶן הַשֶּׁמֶן מִן־הָאֹהֶל וַיִּמְשַׁח אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹה וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ כׇּל־הָעָם יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃
And Tzodok, the kohein took the horn of oil from the Tent [Mishkon] and annointed Shlomo. They blew the shofar, and all the people said, “Long live the king, Shlomo.”
And Tzodok, the kohein took the horn of oil from the Tent [Mishkon] and annointed Shlomo. They blew the shofar, and all the people said, “Long live the king, Shlomo.”
Rashi
את קרן השמן. משמן המשחה שעשה משה:
The horn of oil. [Tzadok took] of the anointment oil compounded by Moshe.33See Shemos 30, 31.
מן האהל. שהארון נתון בעיר דוד, וצלוחית של שמן המשחה לפני הארון, (כמו שאנו שונין בסדר יומא נב ב):
From the Tent. Since the Holy Ark was in the City of Dovid [Yerusholayim], and the jug of oil of anointment was before the Ark. as we have learned in [Maseches] Yoma.34 52b.
וַיַּעֲלוּ כׇל־הָעָם אַחֲרָיו וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים וּשְׂמֵחִים שִׂמְחָה גְדוֹלָה וַתִּבָּקַע הָאָרֶץ בְּקוֹלָֽם׃
And all the people went up after him, and the people played the flutes, and rejoiced with great joy, and the earth [seemed to] split by their sound [of their voices].
And all the people went up after him, and the people played the flutes, and rejoiced with great joy, and the earth [seemed to] split by their sound [of their voices].
Rashi
בחלילים. פלאוט"י בלע"ז:
The flutes. Flute in O.F.
ותבקע הארץ. דברו הנביאים בלשון הבאי, כלשון בני אדם:
And the earth [seemed to] split. Prophets spoke in terms of exaggeration as [is common] among people.35see Maseches Chulin 90b.
וַיִּשְׁמַע אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ וְכׇל־הַקְּרֻאִים אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ וְהֵם כִּלּוּ לֶאֱכֹל וַיִּשְׁמַע יוֹאָב אֶת־קוֹל הַשּׁוֹפָר וַיֹּאמֶר מַדּוּעַ קֽוֹל־הַקִּרְיָה הוֹמָֽה׃
And Adoniyohu heard, as did all the guests who were with him, and they had finished eating. And Yoav heard the sound of the shofar, and he said, “Why is the sound of the city [a sound] of commotion.”
And Adoniyohu heard, as did all the guests who were with him, and they had finished eating. And Yoav heard the sound of the shofar, and he said, “Why is the sound of the city [a sound] of commotion.”
עוֹדֶנּוּ מְדַבֵּר וְהִנֵּה יוֹנָתָן בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֵן בָּא וַיֹּאמֶר אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ בֹּא כִּי אִישׁ חַיִל אַתָּה וְטוֹב תְּבַשֵּֽׂר׃
He was still speaking and behold Yonoson ben Evyosor, the kohein entered, and Adoniyohu said, “Come in, for you are a valiant man, and you must be bringing good tidings.”
He was still speaking and behold Yonoson ben Evyosor, the kohein entered, and Adoniyohu said, “Come in, for you are a valiant man, and you must be bringing good tidings.”
וַיַּעַן יֽוֹנָתָן וַיֹּאמֶר לַאֲדֹנִיָּהוּ אֲבָל אֲדֹנֵינוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ־דָּוִד הִמְלִיךְ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃
And Yonoson answered and said to Adinyohu, “But our lord, Dovid Hamelech, has proclaimed Shlomo as the king.”
And Yonoson answered and said to Adinyohu, “But our lord, Dovid Hamelech, has proclaimed Shlomo as the king.”
Rashi
אבל אדונינו. כלומר, עכשיו אין בשורתי טובה לך:
But our lord. I.e., “Now, my report is not of good [tidings] for you.”
וַיִּשְׁלַח אִתּֽוֹ־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־צָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן וְאֶת־נָתָן הַנָּבִיא וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָע וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וַיַּרְכִּבוּ אֹתוֹ עַל פִּרְדַּת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
And the king sent with him Tzodok, the kohein, Nosson, the prophet, Bnoyohu ben Yehyodoh, and the archers and the sling shooters, and they had him ride on the king’s mule.
And the king sent with him Tzodok, the kohein, Nosson, the prophet, Bnoyohu ben Yehyodoh, and the archers and the sling shooters, and they had him ride on the king’s mule.
וַיִּמְשְׁחוּ אֹתוֹ צָדוֹק הַכֹּהֵן וְנָתָן הַנָּבִיא ׀ לְמֶלֶךְ בְּגִחוֹן וַיַּעֲלוּ מִשָּׁם שְׂמֵחִים וַתֵּהֹם הַקִּרְיָה הוּא הַקּוֹל אֲשֶׁר שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃
And they annointed him, [so did] Tzodok, the kohein, and Nosson, the prophet, [annoint him] as king at Gichon. The went up from there rejoicing, and the city is in a state of commotion. This is the sound you have heard.
And they annointed him, [so did] Tzodok, the kohein, and Nosson, the prophet, [annoint him] as king at Gichon. The went up from there rejoicing, and the city is in a state of commotion. This is the sound you have heard.
וְגַם יָשַׁב שְׁלֹמֹה עַל כִּסֵּא הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃
And Shlomo has already sat on the throne of the kingdom.
And Shlomo has already sat on the throne of the kingdom.
וְגַם־בָּאוּ עַבְדֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ לְבָרֵךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵינוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד לֵאמֹר יֵיטֵב (אלהיך) [אֱלֹהִים] אֶת־שֵׁם שְׁלֹמֹה מִשְּׁמֶךָ וִיגַדֵּל אֶת־כִּסְאוֹ מִכִּסְאֶךָ וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽב׃
And the king’s servants also came to bless our lord, Dovid Hamelech, saying, ‘May God make the name of Shlomo better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne,’ and the king bowed down on the bed.
And the king’s servants also came to bless our lord, Dovid Hamelech, saying, ‘May God make the name of Shlomo better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne,’ and the king bowed down on the bed.
וְגַם־כָּכָה אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ בָּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר נָתַן הַיּוֹם יֹשֵׁב עַל־כִּסְאִי וְעֵינַי רֹאֽוֹת׃
And this the king also said, ‘Blessed is Adonoy, the God of Yisroel, Who has provided this day one to sit on my throne, and my eyes are witnessing it.’”
And this the king also said, ‘Blessed is Adonoy, the God of Yisroel, Who has provided this day one to sit on my throne, and my eyes are witnessing it.’”
וַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ וַיָּקֻמוּ כׇּל־הַקְּרֻאִים אֲשֶׁר לַאֲדֹנִיָּהוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ אִישׁ לְדַרְכּֽוֹ׃
They trembled and got themselves up, [so did] all the guests of Adonyohu, and each man went [and returned] to his way.
They trembled and got themselves up, [so did] all the guests of Adonyohu, and each man went [and returned] to his way.
וַאֲדֹנִיָּהוּ יָרֵא מִפְּנֵי שְׁלֹמֹה וַיָּקׇם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַֽיַּחֲזֵק בְּקַרְנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃
And Adoniyohu was afraid of Shlomo, and he got up and went and took hold of the horns [the corners] of the Altar.
And Adoniyohu was afraid of Shlomo, and he got up and went and took hold of the horns [the corners] of the Altar.
Rashi
בקרנות המזבח. שהיה בגבעון, אמר: הרוגי בית דין נקברין בקברי בית דין, אמות כאן, ואקבר בקברי אבותי, (כך דרש רבי תנחומא מסעי יב):
Of the horns [of the corners] of the Altar. Which was in Givon.36Alternatively, he grabbed on to the corners of the altar that was in Yerushalayim.—Radak. In those days it was permissible to build an altar and bring certain sacrifices outside of the Mishkan. He said, “Those who are executed by Beis Din are buried in the graves of Beis Din. I will die here, and be buried in the graves of my forefathers.” Thus did Rabbi Tanchuma expound.
וַיֻּגַּד לִשְׁלֹמֹה לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ יָרֵא אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה וְהִנֵּה אָחַז בְּקַרְנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֵאמֹר יִשָּׁבַֽע־לִי כַיּוֹם הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה אִם־יָמִית אֶת־עַבְדּוֹ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃
And it was told to Shlomo, saying, “Behold, Adoniyohu fears Shlomo Hamelech, and behold he has taken hold of the horns of the Altar, saying, “Let Shlomo Hamelech swear to me today that he will not kill his servant by the sword.”
And it was told to Shlomo, saying, “Behold, Adoniyohu fears Shlomo Hamelech, and behold he has taken hold of the horns of the Altar, saying, “Let Shlomo Hamelech swear to me today that he will not kill his servant by the sword.”
וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁלֹמֹה אִם יִהְיֶה לְבֶן־חַיִל לֹא־יִפֹּל מִשַּׂעֲרָתוֹ אָרְצָה וְאִם־רָעָה תִמָּֽצֵא־בוֹ וָמֵֽת׃
And Shlomo said, “If he will be a valiant person, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground, but should he be found to be wicked, he will die.”
And Shlomo said, “If he will be a valiant person, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground, but should he be found to be wicked, he will die.”
וַיִּשְׁלַח הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה וַיּוֹרִדֻהוּ מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וַיָּבֹא וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ לַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה וַיֹּאמֶר־לוֹ שְׁלֹמֹה לֵךְ לְבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ {פ}
And king Shlomo sent [men] and they brought him down from the Altar, and he came and prostrated himself to Shlomo Hamelech, and Shlomo said to him, “Go to your house.”
And king Shlomo sent [men] and they brought him down from the Altar, and he came and prostrated himself to Shlomo Hamelech, and Shlomo said to him, “Go to your house.”
על הפרדה אשר לי. הוא סימן לו שימלוך, ותחלת הגדולה, שאין הדיוט רוכב על סוסו של מלך:
On my personal mule. This will be a sign that he will reign and the beginning of [his] greatness, because a commoner is forbidden to ride on the king’s horse.