Tanach
Melachim I 11:14-25 מלכים א י״א:י״ד-כ״ה
Part of: Chapter 11
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיָּקֶם יְהֹוָה שָׂטָן לִשְׁלֹמֹה אֵת הֲדַד הָאֲדֹמִי מִזֶּרַע הַמֶּלֶךְ הוּא בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃
Adonoy set up a rival against Shlomo, [he was] Hadad, the Edomite, who was from the offspring of the king of Edom.
Adonoy set up a rival against Shlomo, [he was] Hadad, the Edomite, who was from the offspring of the king of Edom.
וַיְהִי בִּֽהְיוֹת דָּוִד אֶת־אֱדוֹם בַּעֲלוֹת יוֹאָב שַׂר הַצָּבָא לְקַבֵּר אֶת־הַחֲלָלִים וַיַּךְ כׇּל־זָכָר בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃
Dovid was in Edom when Yoav, commander of the army had gone up to bury the dead, for he had slain every male person of Edom.
Dovid was in Edom when Yoav, commander of the army had gone up to bury the dead, for he had slain every male person of Edom.
Rashi
לקבר את החללים. שקברו להרוגים של אדום, הוא שנאמר שם בספר שמואל (ב ח יג): ויעש דוד שם בשובו מהכות את אדום, שהיו הכל מקלסין אותו, איש חסיד שקובר את הרוגיו, וכן הוא אומר במלחמות גוג ומגוג (יחזקאל לט יג): וקברו כל עם הארץ והיה להם לשם. ויונתן תרגם לקבר את החללים: לחלצא ית קטיליא, לקחת את חליצתם:
To bury the dead. For they buried the slain of Edom, this is what is stated in the Book of Shmuel, “And Dovid made [for himself] a name when he returned from slaying [those of] Edom,”5II Shmuel 8:13. Rashi apparently had a different version of the text than ours which reads, “...after returning from slaying [those of] Aram.” For clarification, see Tehillim 60:2. for all were praising him as a pious person for he buries his slain. And similarly it states concerning the wars of Gog and Magog, “And they will bury all the people of the land, and it will bring them fame.”6Yechezkeil 39:13. However, [Targum] Yonoson rendered לקבר את החללים, “to strip the slain,” [i.e.,] to remove their clothing.
כִּי שֵׁשֶׁת חֳדָשִׁים יָשַׁב־שָׁם יוֹאָב וְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד־הִכְרִית כׇּל־זָכָר בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃
For six months, Yoav and all of Yisroel remained stationed there, until he had wiped out every male person in Edom.
For six months, Yoav and all of Yisroel remained stationed there, until he had wiped out every male person in Edom.
וַיִּבְרַח אֲדַד הוּא וַאֲנָשִׁים אֲדֹמִיִּים מֵעַבְדֵי אָבִיו אִתּוֹ לָבוֹא מִצְרָיִם וַהֲדַד נַעַר קָטָֽן׃
[However] Hadad had fled, he together with some men from Edom, who were of his father’s servants, to come to Egypt. Hadad was a small boy at that time.
[However] Hadad had fled, he together with some men from Edom, who were of his father’s servants, to come to Egypt. Hadad was a small boy at that time.
וַיָּקֻמוּ מִמִּדְיָן וַיָּבֹאוּ פָּארָן וַיִּקְחוּ אֲנָשִׁים עִמָּם מִפָּארָן וַיָּבֹאוּ מִצְרַיִם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ בַיִת וְלֶחֶם אָמַר לוֹ וְאֶרֶץ נָתַן לֽוֹ׃
They got up from Midyon and came to Poron. They took some men from Poron with them, and they came to Egypt, to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. Pharaoh gave him a house, and ordered that he be provided with food, and he [also] granted him land.
They got up from Midyon and came to Poron. They took some men from Poron with them, and they came to Egypt, to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. Pharaoh gave him a house, and ordered that he be provided with food, and he [also] granted him land.
Rashi
ולחם אמר לו. אמר למשרתיו, כך וכך לחם תנו לו ליום:
And ordered that he be provided with food. He said to his servants, “So much and so much bread should you give him daily.”
וַיִּמְצָא הֲדַד חֵן בְּעֵינֵי פַרְעֹה מְאֹד וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ אִשָּׁה אֶת־אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲחוֹת תַּחְפְּנֵיס הַגְּבִירָֽה׃
Hadad found much favor in the eyes Pharaoh, and he gave him for a wife, the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tachpenais, the Queen.
Hadad found much favor in the eyes Pharaoh, and he gave him for a wife, the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tachpenais, the Queen.
Rashi
הגבירה. המלכה:
The Queen. The queen.
וַתֵּלֶד לוֹ אֲחוֹת תַּחְפְּנֵיס אֵת גְּנֻבַת בְּנוֹ וַתִּגְמְלֵהוּ תַחְפְּנֵס בְּתוֹךְ בֵּית פַּרְעֹה וַיְהִי גְנֻבַת בֵּית פַּרְעֹה בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי פַרְעֹֽה׃
And the sister of Tachpenais, bore him Genuvas, his son, and Tachpenais weaned him in the house of Pharaoh; and Genuvas was raised in the house of Pharoah among the children of Pharaoh.
And the sister of Tachpenais, bore him Genuvas, his son, and Tachpenais weaned him in the house of Pharaoh; and Genuvas was raised in the house of Pharoah among the children of Pharaoh.
וַהֲדַד שָׁמַע בְּמִצְרַיִם כִּֽי־שָׁכַב דָּוִד עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וְכִי־מֵת יוֹאָב שַׂר־הַצָּבָא וַיֹּאמֶר הֲדַד אֶל־פַּרְעֹה שַׁלְּחֵנִי וְאֵלֵךְ אֶל־אַרְצִֽי׃
Hadad heard in Egypt that Dovid slept with his fathers, and that Yoav, commander of the army had died. Hadad then said to Pharaoh, “Release me, and I will go to my own land.”
Hadad heard in Egypt that Dovid slept with his fathers, and that Yoav, commander of the army had died. Hadad then said to Pharaoh, “Release me, and I will go to my own land.”
Rashi
כי שכב דוד. דוד שמת מיתת עצמו, נאמרה בו שכיבה, יואב שנהרג, נאמרה בו מיתה דבר אחר: דוד שהניח בן הגון ממלא מקומו, נאמר בו שכיבה, יואב שלא הניח בן הגון ממלא מקומו, לא נאמרה בו שכיבה, כי אם מיתה (בבא בתרא קטז א):
That Dovid slept. For Dovid who died of natural causes, an expression of sleeping [שכיבה] is mentioned; but for Yoav who was killed, an expression of dying [מיתה] is mentioned.. Another explanation is that concerning Dovid who was survived by a meritorious son who took his place, [an expression of] sleeping is mentioned, but concerning Yoav who was not survived by a meritorious son who took his place, [an expression of] sleeping is not mentioned, rather, [an expression of] dying [is mentioned].7Maseches Bava Basra 116a.
וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ פַרְעֹה כִּי מָֽה־אַתָּה חָסֵר עִמִּי וְהִנְּךָ מְבַקֵּשׁ לָלֶכֶת אֶל־אַרְצֶךָ וַיֹּאמֶֽר ׀ לֹא כִּי שַׁלֵּחַ תְּשַׁלְּחֵֽנִי׃
Pharaoh said to him, “What are you lacking with me that you ask to go to your land?” And he said, “No, but release me nevertheless.”
Pharaoh said to him, “What are you lacking with me that you ask to go to your land?” And he said, “No, but release me nevertheless.”
וַיָּקֶם אֱלֹהִים לוֹ שָׂטָן אֶת־רְזוֹן בֶּן־אֶלְיָדָע אֲשֶׁר בָּרַח מֵאֵת הֲדַדְעֶזֶר מֶלֶךְ־צוֹבָה אֲדֹנָֽיו׃
And God raised up a rival against [Shlomo], Rezon the son of Elyodoh, who had fled from Hadadezer, the king of Tsova, his master.
And God raised up a rival against [Shlomo], Rezon the son of Elyodoh, who had fled from Hadadezer, the king of Tsova, his master.
Rashi
ויקם אלהים לו שטן. לשלמה, וזה הוא שאמר נתן הנביא לדוד (שמואל ב ז יד): אשר בהעוותו והוכחתיו בשבט אנשים:
And God raised up a rival against him [Shlomo]. Against Shlomo. And this is what Noson the prophet said to Dovid, “so that when he goes astray, I will chasten him with the rod of men.”8II Shmuel 7:14. God sent adversaries against Shlomo for the purpose of inducing him to repent.—Radak
וַיִּקְבֹּץ עָלָיו אֲנָשִׁים וַיְהִי שַׂר־גְּדוּד בַּהֲרֹג דָּוִד אֹתָם וַיֵּלְכוּ דַמֶּשֶׂק וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בָהּ וַֽיִּמְלְכוּ בְּדַמָּֽשֶׂק׃
He gathered men around him and he was the leader of troops when Dovid killed them. They then went to Damascus and lived there, and they ruled in Damascus.
He gathered men around him and he was the leader of troops when Dovid killed them. They then went to Damascus and lived there, and they ruled in Damascus.
וַיְהִי שָׂטָן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כׇּל־יְמֵי שְׁלֹמֹה וְאֶת־הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר הֲדָד וַיָּקָץ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּמְלֹךְ עַל־אֲרָֽם׃ {פ}
He antagonized Yisroel during all the days of Shlomo in conjunction with the evil of Hadad. He detested yisroel and ruled over Arom.
He antagonized Yisroel during all the days of Shlomo in conjunction with the evil of Hadad. He detested yisroel and ruled over Arom.
Rashi
ואת הרעה אשר הדד. עם הרעה שעל ידי הדד, היתה גם זו של רזון:
In conjunction with the evil of Hadad. Together with the evil that was perpetrated by Hadad, was also this evil of Rezon.9For without Hadad, Rezon alone would be unable to antagonize Shlomo.—Metzudas Dovid
ויהי בהיות דוד את אדום. אז ויברח הדד מפני דוד ויואב:
Dovid was in Edom. Then Hadad fled from Dovid and Yoav.4Below v. 17.