Tanach
Melachim I 22:19-40 מלכים א כ״ב:י״ט-מ׳
Part of: Chapter 22
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר לָכֵן שְׁמַע דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה רָאִיתִי אֶת־יְהֹוָה יֹשֵׁב עַל־כִּסְאוֹ וְכׇל־צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם עֹמֵד עָלָיו מִֽימִינוֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃
And he [Michohyu] said, “Therefore listen to the word of Adonoy. I saw Adonoy seated on His throne, and all the Heavenly Hosts were standing around Him, to His right and to His left.
And he [Michohyu] said, “Therefore listen to the word of Adonoy. I saw Adonoy seated on His throne, and all the Heavenly Hosts were standing around Him, to His right and to His left.
Rashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה מִי יְפַתֶּה אֶת־אַחְאָב וְיַעַל וְיִפֹּל בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד וַיֹּאמֶר זֶה בְּכֹה וְזֶה אֹמֵר בְּכֹֽה׃
And Adonoy said [to them] ‘Who will mislead Achov, and cause him to go up and fall at Ramot Gilad?’ One said in this way and another said in this way.
And Adonoy said [to them] ‘Who will mislead Achov, and cause him to go up and fall at Ramot Gilad?’ One said in this way and another said in this way.
וַיֵּצֵא הָרוּחַ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי אֲפַתֶּנּוּ וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה אֵלָיו בַּמָּֽה׃
And a spirit came forth and stood before Adonoy, and said, ‘I will mislead him; and Adonoy said to him, ‘In what manner.’
And a spirit came forth and stood before Adonoy, and said, ‘I will mislead him; and Adonoy said to him, ‘In what manner.’
Rashi
ויצא הרוח. רוחו של נבות (סנהדרין פט א):
And a spirit came forth. The spirit of Navos.12Maseches Sanhedrin 89a. See also Maseches Shabbos 149b.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵצֵא וְהָיִיתִי רוּחַ שֶׁקֶר בְּפִי כׇּל־נְבִיאָיו וַיֹּאמֶר תְּפַתֶּה וְגַם־תּוּכָל צֵא וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃
And it said, ‘I will go forth and I will be a spirit of falsehood in the mouth of all prophets; And He [Adonoy] said, ‘Mislead and you will prevail; go forth and do so.’
And it said, ‘I will go forth and I will be a spirit of falsehood in the mouth of all prophets; And He [Adonoy] said, ‘Mislead and you will prevail; go forth and do so.’
וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה נָתַן יְהֹוָה רוּחַ שֶׁקֶר בְּפִי כׇּל־נְבִיאֶיךָ אֵלֶּה וַֽיהֹוָה דִּבֶּר עָלֶיךָ רָעָֽה׃
And now behold, Adonoy has put a spirit of falsehood in the mouth of all these prophets of yours and Adonoy has spoken evil concerning you.’”
And now behold, Adonoy has put a spirit of falsehood in the mouth of all these prophets of yours and Adonoy has spoken evil concerning you.’”
וַיִּגַּשׁ צִדְקִיָּהוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָה וַיַּכֶּה אֶת־מִיכָיְהוּ עַל־הַלֶּחִי וַיֹּאמֶר אֵי־זֶה עָבַר רֽוּחַ־יְהֹוָה מֵאִתִּי לְדַבֵּר אוֹתָֽךְ׃
Tzidkiyahu ben Kenaanah approached and struck Michohyu on the cheek and said, “When did the spirit of Adonoy pass from me to speak to you.”
Tzidkiyahu ben Kenaanah approached and struck Michohyu on the cheek and said, “When did the spirit of Adonoy pass from me to speak to you.”
Rashi
אי זה עבר רוח ה'. אי זה הדרך עבר, והרי זה מקרא קצר, בדברי הימים (ב יח כג) כתיב: אי זה הדרך עבר וגו':
When did the spirit of Adonoy pass? [I.e.,] which way did it pass? This is an abbreviated verse.13I.e., the word דרך [=way] is missing. In Divrei Hayomim it is written, “In what way did [Adonoy’s spirit] pass.”14II Divrei Hayomim 18:23.
וַיֹּאמֶר מִיכָיְהוּ הִנְּךָ רֹאֶה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אֲשֶׁר תָּבֹא חֶדֶר בְּחֶדֶר לְהֵחָבֵֽה׃
And Michohyu said, “Behold, you will see on that day that you will have to go into a room within a room to hide.”
And Michohyu said, “Behold, you will see on that day that you will have to go into a room within a room to hide.”
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל קַח אֶת־מִיכָיְהוּ וַהֲשִׁיבֵהוּ אֶל־אָמֹן שַׂר־הָעִיר וְאֶל־יוֹאָשׁ בֶּן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
The king of Yisroel said, “Take Michohyu and return him to Amon, the governor of the city, and to Yoash, the king’s son.
The king of Yisroel said, “Take Michohyu and return him to Amon, the governor of the city, and to Yoash, the king’s son.
וְאָמַרְתָּ כֹּה אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ שִׂימוּ אֶת־זֶה בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַחַץ וּמַיִם לַחַץ עַד בֹּאִי בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
And you shall say, ‘thus said the king “Put this one in the prison and feed him minimal bread and minimal water, until I return in peace.”’”
And you shall say, ‘thus said the king “Put this one in the prison and feed him minimal bread and minimal water, until I return in peace.”’”
וַיֹּאמֶר מִיכָיְהוּ אִם־שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב בְּשָׁלוֹם לֹא־דִבֶּר יְהֹוָה בִּי וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁמְעוּ עַמִּים כֻּלָּֽם׃
And Michohyu said, “If you really return in peace, Adonoy did not speak to me.” And he said, “Hear [this] all nations.”
And Michohyu said, “If you really return in peace, Adonoy did not speak to me.” And he said, “Hear [this] all nations.”
וַיַּעַל מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוֹשָׁפָט מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה רָמֹת גִּלְעָֽד׃
The king of Yisroel went up together with Yehoshofot, king of Yehudah, to Ramot Gilad.
The king of Yisroel went up together with Yehoshofot, king of Yehudah, to Ramot Gilad.
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָט הִתְחַפֵּשׂ וָבֹא בַמִּלְחָמָה וְאַתָּה לְבַשׁ בְּגָדֶיךָ וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּבוֹא בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
The king of Yisroel said to Yehoshofot “I will disguise myself and go into battle, but you you wear your own [royal] garments.” The king of Yisroel disguised himself and went forth into battle.
The king of Yisroel said to Yehoshofot “I will disguise myself and go into battle, but you you wear your own [royal] garments.” The king of Yisroel disguised himself and went forth into battle.
Rashi
ויאמר מלך ישראל אל יהושפט התחפש ובא במלחמה. להתחפש ולבא, אני אתחפש, אשנה בגדי מלכותי שלא יכירוני, שאם יכירוני יסורו אלי להלחם:
The king of Yisroel said to Yehoshofot, I will disguise myself and go into battle. To disguise himself and go [into battle]. I will disguise myself, [i.e.,] I will change my royal garments, so that they will not recognize me, for if they recognize me, they will turn toward me to attack.
ואתה לבש בגדיך. שעליך, שלא מלך ישראל אתה, אלא מלך יהודה ועמך אין להם תגר:
But you wear your own [royal] garments. That you are wearing, for you are not the king of Yisroel, but the king of Yehudah, and they have no conflict with you.
וּמֶלֶךְ אֲרָם צִוָּה אֶת־שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁנַיִם לֵאמֹר לֹא תִּלָּחֲמוּ אֶת־קָטֹן וְאֶת־גָּדוֹל כִּי אִֽם־אֶת־מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃
The king of Arom commanded the officers of his chariots, thirty two of them saying, “Do not battle the small or the great, but only with the king of Yisroel himself.”
The king of Arom commanded the officers of his chariots, thirty two of them saying, “Do not battle the small or the great, but only with the king of Yisroel himself.”
וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָט וְהֵמָּה אָֽמְרוּ אַךְ מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא וַיָּסֻרוּ עָלָיו לְהִלָּחֵם וַיִּזְעַק יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט׃
And it was when the officers of the chariots saw Yehoshofot, that they said, “This must be the king of Yisroel.” They turned upon him to do battle and Yehoshofot cried out.
And it was when the officers of the chariots saw Yehoshofot, that they said, “This must be the king of Yisroel.” They turned upon him to do battle and Yehoshofot cried out.
Rashi
ויזעק יהושפט. להקב"ה:
And Yehoshofot cried out. To the Holy One Blessed Is He.
וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת שָׂרֵי הָרֶכֶב כִּי־לֹא־מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא וַיָּשׁוּבוּ מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃
When the officers of the chariots saw that he was not the king of Yisroel, they turned back from [pursuing] after him.
When the officers of the chariots saw that he was not the king of Yisroel, they turned back from [pursuing] after him.
וְאִישׁ מָשַׁךְ בַּקֶּשֶׁת לְתֻמּוֹ וַיַּכֶּה אֶת־מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּין הַדְּבָקִים וּבֵין הַשִּׁרְיָן וַיֹּאמֶר לְרַכָּבוֹ הֲפֹךְ יָדְךָ וְהוֹצִיאֵנִי מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה כִּי הׇחֳלֵֽיתִי׃
A man drew his bow innocently [with out aiming] and hit the king of Yisroel between the plates of his armor. He said to his driver, “Turn around and take me out of the camp for I am sick.”
A man drew his bow innocently [with out aiming] and hit the king of Yisroel between the plates of his armor. He said to his driver, “Turn around and take me out of the camp for I am sick.”
Rashi
ואיש משך. זה נעמן:
A man drew. This was Naaman.15Who would later be cured from leprosy by Elisha. See II Melochim 5:1-15.
לתומו. לא ידע שהוא מלך ישראל:
Innocently [without aiming]. He was not aware that he was the king of Yisroel.16Alternatively, לתמו means “to complete it,” i.e., the prophecies of Michoyhu and Eliyahu were completed with the death of Achov. See Maseches Sanhedrin 39b.
בין הדבקים ובין השרין יש שריונות שהם עשוין קליפים קליפים, כענין שנאמר (שמואל א יז ה): ושריון קשקשים, והקליפים נופלים על נקבי השריון וסותמין אותן, והם קרויין דבקים:
Between the plates of armor. Some coats of mail are made of layers of scales, in the manner it is stated, “and a coat of mail,”17I Shmuel 17:5. and the scales fall on the holes of the coat and close them, and they are called “דבקים” [=attached].
וַתַּעֲלֶה הַמִּלְחָמָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מׇעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה נֹכַח אֲרָם וַיָּמׇת בָּעֶרֶב וַיִּצֶק דַּֽם־הַמַּכָּה אֶל־חֵיק הָרָֽכֶב׃
The battle was intense on that day, and the king stood up in the chariot facing Aram. He died in the evening and the blood of wound poured out into the depth of the chariot.
The battle was intense on that day, and the king stood up in the chariot facing Aram. He died in the evening and the blood of wound poured out into the depth of the chariot.
Rashi
מעמד במרכבה. מתחזק ועומד, כדי שלא יכירו ישראל במכתו ויברחו, ותחלת נפילה ניסה:
Stood up in the chariot. He exerted himself and stood so that the [Bnei] Yisroel would not become aware of his wound and flee, for flight is the beginning of defeat.
וַיַּעֲבֹר הָֽרִנָּה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה כְּבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ לֵאמֹר אִישׁ אֶל־עִירוֹ וְאִישׁ אֶל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃
A cry passed through the camp as the sun was setting, saying, “Each man to his city and each man to his land.
A cry passed through the camp as the sun was setting, saying, “Each man to his city and each man to his land.
וַיָּמׇת הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיָּבוֹא שֹׁמְרוֹן וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃
The king died and was brought to Shomron; and they buried the king in Shomron.
The king died and was brought to Shomron; and they buried the king in Shomron.
וַיִּשְׁטֹף אֶת־הָרֶכֶב עַל ׀ בְּרֵכַת שֹׁמְרוֹן וַיָּלֹקּוּ הַכְּלָבִים אֶת־דָּמוֹ וְהַזֹּנוֹת רָחָצוּ כִּדְבַר יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּֽר׃
They washed the chariot at the pool of Shomron, and the dogs licked his blood, and they washed the weapons [there] like the word of Adonoy that He had spoken.
They washed the chariot at the pool of Shomron, and the dogs licked his blood, and they washed the weapons [there] like the word of Adonoy that He had spoken.
Rashi
וילוקו הכלבים את דמו. ואומר אני, ששם נהרג נבות, שהרי אמר הנביא במקום אשר לקקו הכלבים את דם נבות וגו':
And the dogs licked his blood. I say that Novos was killed there, for the prophet said, “In the place where the dogs licked the blood of Navos, etc.”18Above 21:19.19But how is this possible, Navos was killed in Yizreel while Achov was killed in Shomron? Radak suggests that Yizreel was near Shomron and the water of the pool in Shomron flowed to Yizreel where dogs licked Achov’s blood which was mixed in the water.
והזנות רחצו. וכלי הזיין רחצו שם מן הדם, כך תרגם יונתן ורבותינו אמרו (סנהדרין לט ב) אחאב מצונן היה, ועשתה לו איזבל דמות שתי זונות במרכבתו:
And they washed the weapons [there]. And they washed off blood from the weapons there, [Targum] Yonoson rendered it in this manner. But our Rabbis said, “Achov was a cold person, so Ezevel made for him the image of two prostitutes in his chariot.20Maseches Sanhedrin 39b and Rashi there. 21Alternatively, “the prostitutes bathed there,” in the pool of Shomron, which was now mixed with Achov’s blood.—Metzudas Dovid
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי אַחְאָב וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וּבֵית הַשֵּׁן אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה וְכׇל־הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה הֲלוֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And the rest of the things about Achov and all that he accomplished, the ivory palace that he built, and all the cities that he built, are recorded in the Book of chronicles of the kings of Yisroel.
And the rest of the things about Achov and all that he accomplished, the ivory palace that he built, and all the cities that he built, are recorded in the Book of chronicles of the kings of Yisroel.
Rashi
ובית השן. שן דפיל:
The ivory palace. [Made of] elephant tooth [i.e., ivory].
וַיִּשְׁכַּב אַחְאָב עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּמְלֹךְ אֲחַזְיָהוּ בְנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ {פ}
Achov lay with his fathers, and Achazyohu, his son, reigned in his place.
Achov lay with his fathers, and Achazyohu, his son, reigned in his place.
מימינו ומשמאלו. וכי יש שמאל למעלה, והלא נאמר (תהלים קיח טז) ימין ה' רוממה ימין ה' עושה חיל ; (שמות טו ו): ימינך ה' נאדרי בכח ימינך ה' תרעץ אויב, אלא אלו מיימינים ואלו משמאילים, מיימינים מלמדים זכות, משמאילים מלמדים חובה (מדרש תנחומא שמות יח):
To His right and to His left. Is there “left” in Heaven? Is it not stated, “The right hand of Adonoy’s is exalted, the right hand of Adonoy performs deeds of valor,”10Tehillim 118:16. [and,] “Your right hand, Adonoy, is adorned with power; Your right hand, Adonoy, crushes the enemy”11Shemos 15:6.? But rather, these are on the right and these are on the left. Those on the right present the case for the defense and those on the left present the case for the prosecution.