Tanach
Melachim II 13 מלכים ב י״ג
Part of: Petuchah, II Kings 13:1Petuchah, II Kings 13:10Petuchah, II Kings 13:14Petuchah, II Kings 13:20Petuchah, II Kings 13:22
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בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנָה לְיוֹאָשׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה מָלַךְ יְהוֹאָחָז בֶּן־יֵהוּא עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָֽה׃
In the twenty third year of Yo᾽ash the son of Aĥazyahu king of Yehuda, Yeho᾽aĥaz the son of Yehu began to reign over Yisra᾽el in Shomeron, and reigned for seventeen years.
In the twenty third year of Yo᾽ash the son of Aĥazyahu king of Yehuda, Yeho᾽aĥaz the son of Yehu began to reign over Yisra᾽el in Shomeron, and reigned for seventeen years.
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה וַיֵּלֶךְ אַחַר חַטֹּאת יָרׇבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִיא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא־סָר מִמֶּֽנָּה׃
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, and followed the sins of Yorov῾am the son of Nevat, who made Yisra᾽el to sin; he departed not from that.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, and followed the sins of Yorov῾am the son of Nevat, who made Yisra᾽el to sin; he departed not from that.
וַיִּֽחַר־אַף יְהֹוָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽיִּתְּנֵם בְּיַד ׀ חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ־אֲרָם וּבְיַד בֶּן־הֲדַד בֶּן־חֲזָאֵל כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃
And the anger of the Lord burned against Yisra᾽el, and he delivered them into the hand of Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram, and into the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Ḥaza᾽el, all their days.
And the anger of the Lord burned against Yisra᾽el, and he delivered them into the hand of Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram, and into the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Ḥaza᾽el, all their days.
וַיְחַל יְהוֹאָחָז אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיִּשְׁמַע אֵלָיו יְהֹוָה כִּי רָאָה אֶת־לַחַץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי־לָחַץ אֹתָם מֶלֶךְ אֲרָֽם׃
And Yeho᾽aĥaz entreated the Lord, and the Lord hearkened to him: for he saw the oppression of Yisra᾽el because the king of Aram oppressed them.
And Yeho᾽aĥaz entreated the Lord, and the Lord hearkened to him: for he saw the oppression of Yisra᾽el because the king of Aram oppressed them.
וַיִּתֵּן יְהֹוָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹשִׁיעַ וַיֵּצְאוּ מִתַּחַת יַד־אֲרָם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאׇהֳלֵיהֶם כִּתְמוֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃
(And the Lord gave Yisra᾽el a deliverer, so that they went out from under the hand of Aram: and the children of Yisra᾽el dwelt in their tents, as in earlier times.
(And the Lord gave Yisra᾽el a deliverer, so that they went out from under the hand of Aram: and the children of Yisra᾽el dwelt in their tents, as in earlier times.
Rashi
אַךְ לֹא־סָרוּ מֵחַטֹּאת בֵּית־יָרׇבְעָם אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּהּ הָלָךְ וְגַם הָאֲשֵׁרָה עָמְדָה בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃
Nevertheless they did not depart from the sins of the house of Yorov῾am, who made Yisra᾽el to sin, but continued in that; and the ashera remained also in Shomeron.)
Nevertheless they did not depart from the sins of the house of Yorov῾am, who made Yisra᾽el to sin, but continued in that; and the ashera remained also in Shomeron.)
כִּי לֹא הִשְׁאִיר לִיהוֹאָחָז עָם כִּי אִם־חֲמִשִּׁים פָּֽרָשִׁים וַעֲשָׂרָה רֶכֶב וַעֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים רַגְלִי כִּי אִבְּדָם מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַיְשִׂמֵם כֶּעָפָר לָדֻֽשׁ׃
Neither did he leave for Yeho᾽aĥaz a following, except for fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Aram had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust in threshing.
Neither did he leave for Yeho᾽aĥaz a following, except for fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Aram had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust in threshing.
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יְהוֹאָחָז וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וּגְבוּרָתוֹ הֲלוֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Now the rest of the acts of Yeho᾽aĥaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yisra᾽el?
Now the rest of the acts of Yeho᾽aĥaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yisra᾽el?
וַיִּשְׁכַּב יְהוֹאָחָז עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן וַיִּמְלֹךְ יוֹאָשׁ בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ {פ}
And Yeho᾽aĥaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Shomeron: and Yo᾽ash his son reigned in his stead.
And Yeho᾽aĥaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Shomeron: and Yo᾽ash his son reigned in his stead.
בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלֹשִׁים וָשֶׁבַע שָׁנָה לְיוֹאָשׁ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה מָלַךְ יְהוֹאָשׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָז עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָֽה׃
In the thirty seventh year of Yo᾽ash king of Yehuda, Yeho᾽ash the son of Yeho᾽aĥaz began to reign over Yisra᾽el in Shomeron, and reigned for sixteen years.
In the thirty seventh year of Yo᾽ash king of Yehuda, Yeho᾽ash the son of Yeho᾽aĥaz began to reign over Yisra᾽el in Shomeron, and reigned for sixteen years.
Rashi
בשנת שלשים ושבע וגו'. מקרא זה מוכחש משני צדדין, ולא מצאתי לו מתקן, שהיה לו לומר שלשים ותשע, שהרי עמד אביו בשנת עשרים ושלש ליואש, ומלך שבע עשרה שנה, נמצא שמת בשנת שלשים ותשע ליואש ועוד הא אמור למטה בענין, בשנת שתים ליואש בן יהואחז מלך ישראל, מלך אמציה בן יואש מלך יהודה, נמצא שעמד יואש בן יהואחז בשנת ארבעים של יואש שהיתה שנה אחרונה לו, ובשנה שניה ליואש בן יהואחז מלך אמציה, ואף כי תאמר שמלך אמציה בשנת מות אביו, וקרא הכתוב שנת שתים ליואש, למדת שלא מלך יואש מלך ישראל עד שנת שלשים ותשע של יואש מלך יהודה:
In the thirty-seventh year, etc. This verse is contradicted from two sides, and I have not found a reconciliation, for it should have said, “thirty-ninth [year],” because his father ascended [to the throne] in the twenty-third year of Yoash[’s reign], and reigned seventeen years, consequently, he died in the thirty-ninth year of Yoash[’s reign]. Also, it is stated below in this section, “In the second year of Yoash son of Y[eh]oachaz, king of Yisroel, Amatzyoh, son of Yoash became king.”2Below 14:1.—the king of Yehudah—Consequently, Yoash son of Yehoachaz, ascended [to the throne] in the fortieth year of Yoash, which was his last year, and in the second year of Yoash son of Yehoachaz, Amatzyoh became king. And even if you say that Amatzyoh became king in the year of his father’s death, and Scripture calls this the second year of Yoash[’s reign], [nonetheless,] you can deduce that Yoash the king of Yisroel did not become king until the thirty-ninth year of Yoash the king of Yehudah.
וַיַּעֲשֶׂה הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה לֹא סָר מִכׇּל־חַטֹּאות יָרׇבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִיא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּהּ הָלָֽךְ׃
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord; he departed not from all the sins of Yorov῾am the son of Nevat, who made Yisra᾽el to sin: he continued in that.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord; he departed not from all the sins of Yorov῾am the son of Nevat, who made Yisra᾽el to sin: he continued in that.
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יוֹאָשׁ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וּגְבוּרָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר נִלְחַם עִם אֲמַצְיָה מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה הֲלֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And the rest of the acts of Yo᾽ash, and all that he did, and his might with which he fought against Amażya king of Yehuda, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yisra᾽el?
And the rest of the acts of Yo᾽ash, and all that he did, and his might with which he fought against Amażya king of Yehuda, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yisra᾽el?
וַיִּשְׁכַּב יוֹאָשׁ עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וְיָרׇבְעָם יָשַׁב עַל־כִּסְאוֹ וַיִּקָּבֵר יוֹאָשׁ בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן עִם מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}
And Yo᾽ash slept with his fathers; and Yorov῾am sat upon his throne: and Yo᾽ash was buried in Shomeron with the kings of Yisra᾽el.
And Yo᾽ash slept with his fathers; and Yorov῾am sat upon his throne: and Yo᾽ash was buried in Shomeron with the kings of Yisra᾽el.
Rashi
וירבעם ישב על כסאו. בנו היה ויש לתמוה, למה נכתבו כאן שני מקראות הללו, שהרי עוד לפנינו הוא מספר והולך בדברי יואש, וחוזר וכותב ויתר דברי יואש וגו', וישכב יואש עם אבותיו וגו'. ואומר אני, שלא נכתבו אלא להפסיק, שלא לסמוך מיתת אלישע, למקרא של עבודה זרה, לומר ויעש הרע וגו', ואלישע חלה וגו':
And Yorovom sat on his throne. He was his [Yoash’s] son. There is reason to wonder why these two verses were written here, for [Scripture] continues and tells about events of Yoash, and then repeats, “The rest of Yoash’s deeds, etc.,3Below 14:15. and Yehoash slept with his forefathers, etc.,”4Ibid. v. 16. I therefore say that they [i.e., these two verses] were written [here] for the sole purpose of causing a break, so as not to juxtapose Elisha’s death with a verse [dealing] with idolatry,5Alternatively, the verses are inserted here to indicate that Yorovom was placed on the throne by his father during his lifetime, and he ruled for two years.—Radak by saying, “He did what was evil, etc.,6v. 11. and Elisha became sick.”7v. 14.
וֶֽאֱלִישָׁע חָלָה אֶת־חׇלְיוֹ אֲשֶׁר יָמוּת בּוֹ וַיֵּרֶד אֵלָיו יוֹאָשׁ מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּבְךְּ עַל־פָּנָיו וַיֹּאמַר אָבִי ׀ אָבִי רֶכֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפָרָשָֽׁיו׃
Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness of which he was to die. And Yo᾽ash the king of Yisra᾽el came down to him, and wept over his face, and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Yisra᾽el, and the horsemen thereof.
Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness of which he was to die. And Yo᾽ash the king of Yisra᾽el came down to him, and wept over his face, and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Yisra᾽el, and the horsemen thereof.
וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ אֱלִישָׁע קַח קֶשֶׁת וְחִצִּים וַיִּקַּח אֵלָיו קֶשֶׁת וְחִצִּֽים׃
And Elisha said to him, Take a bow and arrows. And he took for himself a bow and arrows.
And Elisha said to him, Take a bow and arrows. And he took for himself a bow and arrows.
וַיֹּאמֶר ׀ לְמֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַרְכֵּב יָֽדְךָ עַל־הַקֶּשֶׁת וַיַּרְכֵּב יָדוֹ וַיָּשֶׂם אֱלִישָׁע יָדָיו עַל־יְדֵי הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
And he said to the king of Yisra᾽el, Put thy hand upon the bow. And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king’s hands.
And he said to the king of Yisra᾽el, Put thy hand upon the bow. And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king’s hands.
וַיֹּאמֶר פְּתַח הַחַלּוֹן קֵדְמָה וַיִּפְתָּח וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלִישָׁע יְרֵה וַיּוֹר וַיֹּאמֶר חֵץ־תְּשׁוּעָה לַֽיהֹוָה וְחֵץ תְּשׁוּעָה בַאֲרָם וְהִכִּיתָ אֶת־אֲרָם בַּאֲפֵק עַד־כַּלֵּֽה׃
And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arrow of the Lord’s deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Aram: for thou shalt smite Aram in Afeq, till thou have consumed them.
And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arrow of the Lord’s deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Aram: for thou shalt smite Aram in Afeq, till thou have consumed them.
Rashi
פתח החלון קדמה. מול ארץ ארם שהם במזרח, כמה שנאמר (ישעיהו ט יא): ארם מקדם:
“Open the window towards the east.” Opposite the land of Arom which is located in the east, as it is stated, “Arom from the east.”8Yeshayahu 9:11.
ירה ויור. שדי ושדא:
“Shoot!” And he shot. [Targum Yonoson renders] “Shoot!” And he shot.
ויאמר חץ תשועה וגו'. אלישע אמר החץ הזה יהיה סימן תשועה לישראל:
And he said, “An arrow of salvation, etc.” Elisha said, “This arrow is a symbol of salvation for Yisroel.”
באפק. שם העיר:
In Apheik. The name of the city [is Apheik].9Yisroel had been defeated earlier by Arom. See I Melochim 20:26-30.
וַיֹּאמֶר קַח הַחִצִּים וַיִּקָּח וַיֹּאמֶר לְמֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל הַךְ־אַרְצָה וַיַּךְ שָׁלֹשׁ־פְּעָמִים וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽד׃
And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said to the king of Yisra᾽el, Smite upon the ground. And he smote three times, and stopped.
And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said to the king of Yisra᾽el, Smite upon the ground. And he smote three times, and stopped.
וַיִּקְצֹף עָלָיו אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לְהַכּוֹת חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שֵׁשׁ פְּעָמִים אָז הִכִּיתָ אֶת־אֲרָם עַד־כַּלֵּה וְעַתָּה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים תַּכֶּה אֶת־אֲרָֽם׃ {פ}
And the man of God was angry with him, and said, Thou shouldst have struck five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Aram till they had been consumed: whereas now thou shalt smite Aram three times.
And the man of God was angry with him, and said, Thou shouldst have struck five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Aram till they had been consumed: whereas now thou shalt smite Aram three times.
Rashi
ויאמר להכות חמש או שש פעמים. היה לך:
And [he] said, “[If only] you had struck [the arrows at the ground] five or six times. [I.e.,] you should have.
אז. אם כך עשית, הכית את ארם חמש או שש פעמים, שהרי לסימן תשועה הרכבתי ידיך על הקשת:
Then. Had you done so, you would have struck Arom five or six times, for as a symbol of victory, I placed your hands on the bow.
וַיָּמׇת אֱלִישָׁע וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ וּגְדוּדֵי מוֹאָב יָבֹאוּ בָאָרֶץ בָּא שָׁנָֽה׃
And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of Mo᾽av invaded the land at the coming in of the year.
And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of Mo᾽av invaded the land at the coming in of the year.
Rashi
יבאו בארץ. היו רגילין לבא ולשלול בארץ:
Would invade the land. It was common for them to come and plunder the land.10After Elisha’s death.—Radak For as long as he was alive no Aramean dared to invade as indicated in II Melochim 6:23.
בא שנה. במיעל שתא, בתשובת השנה, בעוד הארץ מליאה דשאים ויש מאכל לבהמתם, דרך חיילות לצאת:
At the beginning of each year. [Targum Yonoson renders,] “at the beginning of the year,”11I.e., בָּא שָׁנָה means “when the year [= שָׁנָה] enters [=בָּא].” However, שָׁנָה is feminine and בא is masculine. This difficulty can be resolved by substituting בָּא with בָּהּ, meaning “in that very year,” i.e., the year that Elisha died.—Radak. Or, בָּא שָׁנָה means, “when he [Elisha] had come [to his resting place] for a year.—Ralbag [i.e.,] at the return of the year, when the ground is still full of vegetation, and there is food for their animals, it is customary for troops to set out [for war].
וַיְהִי הֵם ׀ קֹבְרִים אִישׁ וְהִנֵּה רָאוּ אֶֽת־הַגְּדוּד וַיַּשְׁלִיכוּ אֶת־הָאִישׁ בְּקֶבֶר אֱלִישָׁע וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיִּגַּע הָאִישׁ בְּעַצְמוֹת אֱלִישָׁע וַיְחִי וַיָּקׇם עַל־רַגְלָֽיו׃ {פ}
And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a raiding party; and they cast the man into the tomb of Elisha: and as the man came there, he touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.
And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a raiding party; and they cast the man into the tomb of Elisha: and as the man came there, he touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.
וַֽחֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם לָחַץ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל כֹּל יְמֵי יְהוֹאָחָֽז׃
And Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram oppressed Yisra᾽el all the days of Yeho᾽aĥaz.
And Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram oppressed Yisra᾽el all the days of Yeho᾽aĥaz.
וַיָּחׇן יְהֹוָה אֹתָם וַֽיְרַחֲמֵם וַיִּפֶן אֲלֵיהֶם לְמַעַן בְּרִיתוֹ אֶת־אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב וְלֹא אָבָה הַשְׁחִיתָם וְלֹא־הִשְׁלִיכָם מֵעַל־פָּנָיו עַד־עָֽתָּה׃
And the Lord was gracious to them, and had compassion on them, and turned towards them, because of his covenant with Avraham, Yiżĥaq, and Ya῾aqov, and would not destroy them; neither has he till now cast them away from his presence.
And the Lord was gracious to them, and had compassion on them, and turned towards them, because of his covenant with Avraham, Yiżĥaq, and Ya῾aqov, and would not destroy them; neither has he till now cast them away from his presence.
וַיָּמׇת חֲזָאֵל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָם וַיִּמְלֹךְ בֶּן־הֲדַד בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃
So Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram died; and Ben-hadad his son reigned in his stead.
So Ḥaza᾽el king of Aram died; and Ben-hadad his son reigned in his stead.
וַיָּשׇׁב יְהוֹאָשׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָז וַיִּקַּח אֶת־הֶעָרִים מִיַּד בֶּן־הֲדַד בֶּן־חֲזָאֵל אֲשֶׁר לָקַח מִיַּד יְהוֹאָחָז אָבִיו בַּמִּלְחָמָה שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים הִכָּהוּ יוֹאָשׁ וַיָּשֶׁב אֶת־עָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}
And Yeho᾽ash the son of Yeho᾽aĥaz took back out of the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Ḥaza᾽el the cities which he had taken out of the hand of Yeho᾽aĥaz his father by war. Three times did Yo᾽ash beat him, and recovered the cities of Yisra᾽el.
And Yeho᾽ash the son of Yeho᾽aĥaz took back out of the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Ḥaza᾽el the cities which he had taken out of the hand of Yeho᾽aĥaz his father by war. Three times did Yo᾽ash beat him, and recovered the cities of Yisra᾽el.
ויתן ה' לישראל מושיע. את יואש בן יהואחז, שנאמר בו (לקמן פסוק יט): שלש פעמים תכה את ארם:
And Adonoy provided Yisroel with a savior. Yoash son of Yehoachaz, concerning whom it is stated, “You will strike [and defeat] Arom [only] three times.”1Below, v. 19.