Tanach
Melachim II 24 מלכים ב כ״ד
Part of: Petuchah, II Kings 24:8Petuchah, II Kings 24:18Setumah, II Kings 23:36
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בְּיָמָיו עָלָה נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל וַיְהִי־לוֹ יְהוֹיָקִים עֶבֶד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וַיָּשׇׁב וַיִּמְרׇד־בּֽוֹ׃
In his days Nevukhadneżżar king of Bavel came up, and Yehoyaqim became his servant for three years: then he turned and rebelled against him.
In his days Nevukhadneżżar king of Bavel came up, and Yehoyaqim became his servant for three years: then he turned and rebelled against him.
וַיְשַׁלַּח יְהֹוָה ׀ בּוֹ אֶת־גְּדוּדֵי כַשְׂדִּים וְאֶת־גְּדוּדֵי אֲרָם וְאֵת ׀ גְּדוּדֵי מוֹאָב וְאֵת גְּדוּדֵי בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בִּיהוּדָה לְהַאֲבִידוֹ כִּדְבַר יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר בְּיַד עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃
And the Lord sent against him bands of Kasdim, and bands of Aram, and bands of Mo᾽av, and bands of the children of ῾Ammon, and sent them against Yehuda to destroy it, according to the word of the Lord, which he spoke by his servants the prophets.
And the Lord sent against him bands of Kasdim, and bands of Aram, and bands of Mo᾽av, and bands of the children of ῾Ammon, and sent them against Yehuda to destroy it, according to the word of the Lord, which he spoke by his servants the prophets.
אַךְ ׀ עַל־פִּי יְהֹוָה הָֽיְתָה בִּֽיהוּדָה לְהָסִיר מֵעַל פָּנָיו בְּחַטֹּאת מְנַשֶּׁה כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר עָשָֽׂה׃
Surely at the commandment of the Lord came this upon Yehuda, to remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Menashshe, according to all that he did;
Surely at the commandment of the Lord came this upon Yehuda, to remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Menashshe, according to all that he did;
Rashi
וְגַם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי אֲשֶׁר שָׁפָךְ וַיְמַלֵּא אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם דָּם נָקִי וְלֹא־אָבָה יְהֹוָה לִסְלֹֽחַ׃
and also for the innocent blood that he shed: for he filled Yerushalayim with innocent blood; which the Lord would not pardon.
and also for the innocent blood that he shed: for he filled Yerushalayim with innocent blood; which the Lord would not pardon.
וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי יְהוֹיָקִים וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲלֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים עַל־סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי יְהוּדָֽה׃
Now the rest of the acts of Yehoyaqim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yehuda?
Now the rest of the acts of Yehoyaqim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Yehuda?
וַיִּשְׁכַּב יְהוֹיָקִים עִם־אֲבֹתָיו וַיִּמְלֹךְ יְהוֹיָכִין בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃
So Yehoyaqim slept with his fathers: and Yehoyakhin his son reigned in his stead.
So Yehoyaqim slept with his fathers: and Yehoyakhin his son reigned in his stead.
Rashi
וישכב יהויקים. לא על מטתו, כי אסרו נבוכדנאצר בנחושתים להוליכו בבלה, והיו מגררין אותו ומת בידם, כמו שנאמר (ירמיהו כב יט): קבורת חמור יקבר סחוב והשלך. ובדברי הימים (ב לו ו) כתב שאסרו נבוכדנאצר להוליכו בבלה:
Yehoyakim lay with his forefathers. [He did] not die in his bed, for Nevuchadnetzar bound him with chains to take him to Bavel, and when they were dragging him he died in their hands,2Scripture therefore, does not mention his burial. There are several different opinions surrounding the circumstances of Yehoyakim's death and burial. See Vayikra Rabboh 19:6. as it is stated, ”With the burial of a donkey will he be buried, dragged and thrown,”3Yirmiyahu 22:19. and in Divrei Hayomim it is written4II Divrei Hayomim 36:6. The verse there states, “Nevuchadnetzar king of Bavel attacked him [Yehoyakim] and bound him in chains to take him to Bavel.” that Nevuchadnetzar bound him to take him to Bavel.
וְלֹא־הֹסִיף עוֹד מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לָצֵאת מֵֽאַרְצוֹ כִּֽי־לָקַח מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל מִנַּחַל מִצְרַיִם עַד־נְהַר־פְּרָת כֹּל אֲשֶׁר הָיְתָה לְמֶלֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ {פ}
And the king of Miżrayim came not again any more out of his land: for the king of Bavel had taken from the wadi of Miżrayim to the river Perat all that pertained to the king of Miżrayim.
And the king of Miżrayim came not again any more out of his land: for the king of Bavel had taken from the wadi of Miżrayim to the river Perat all that pertained to the king of Miżrayim.
Rashi
לצאת מארצו. לעזור ליהויקים:
Left his land. To aid Yehoyakim.
כי לקח מלך בבל וגו'. שנצחו במלחמה בשנת הרביעית ליהויקים, בכרכמיש על נהר פרת, ככתוב בספר ירמיהו (מו ב):
For the king of Bavel had taken, etc. For he defeated him in battle in the fourth year of Yehoyakim in Charchemish on the Euphrates River, as it is written in the Book of Yirmiyohu.546:2.
בֶּן־שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה יְהוֹיָכִין בְּמׇלְכוֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים מָלַךְ בִּירֽוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְשֵׁם אִמּוֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּא בַת־אֶלְנָתָן מִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
Yehoyakhin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Yerushalayim three months. And his mother’s name was Neĥushta, the daughter of Elnatan of Yerushalayim.
Yehoyakhin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Yerushalayim three months. And his mother’s name was Neĥushta, the daughter of Elnatan of Yerushalayim.
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה אָבִֽיו׃
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his father had done.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his father had done.
בָּעֵת הַהִיא (עלה) [עָלוּ] עַבְדֵי נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וַתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃
At that time the servants of Nevukhadneżżar king of Bavel came up against Yerushalayim, and the city was besieged.
At that time the servants of Nevukhadneżżar king of Bavel came up against Yerushalayim, and the city was besieged.
וַיָּבֹא נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל עַל־הָעִיר וַעֲבָדָיו צָרִים עָלֶֽיהָ׃
And Nevukhadneżżar king of Bavel came against the city, and his servants besieged it.
And Nevukhadneżżar king of Bavel came against the city, and his servants besieged it.
וַיֵּצֵא יְהוֹיָכִין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה עַל־מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל הוּא וְאִמּוֹ וַעֲבָדָיו וְשָׂרָיו וְסָרִיסָיו וַיִּקַּח אֹתוֹ מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל בִּשְׁנַת שְׁמֹנֶה לְמׇלְכֽוֹ׃
And Yehoyakhin the king of Yehuda went out to the king of Bavel, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers: and the king of Bavel took him in the eighth year of his reign.
And Yehoyakhin the king of Yehuda went out to the king of Bavel, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers: and the king of Bavel took him in the eighth year of his reign.
Rashi
ויצא יהויכין מלך יהודה על מלך בבל. לעשות לו כרצונו, ולא למלחמה:
Yehoyachin king of Yehudah, came out to the king of Bavel. That he do to him as he wishes, and not for war.6Nevuchadnetzar, at this time, did not come to destroy Yerusholayim. He only demanded that Yehoyachin be handed over to him. See Vayikra Rabboh 19:6.
וַיּוֹצֵא מִשָּׁם אֶת־כׇּל־אֽוֹצְרוֹת בֵּית יְהֹוָה וְאוֹצְרוֹת בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיְקַצֵּץ אֶת־כׇּל־כְּלֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה שְׁלֹמֹה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּהֵיכַל יְהֹוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָֽה׃
And he carried out from there all the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king’s house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Shelomo king of Yisra᾽el had made in the temple of the Lord, as the Lord had said.
And he carried out from there all the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king’s house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Shelomo king of Yisra᾽el had made in the temple of the Lord, as the Lord had said.
וְהִגְלָה אֶת־כׇּל־יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וְֽאֶת־כׇּל־הַשָּׂרִים וְאֵת ׀ כׇּל־גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל (עשרה) [עֲשֶׂרֶת] אֲלָפִים גּוֹלֶה וְכׇל־הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר לֹא נִשְׁאַר זוּלַת דַּלַּת עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And he carried away all Yerushalayim, and all the princes, and all the mighty warriors, ten thousand exiles, and all the craftsmen and the smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land.
And he carried away all Yerushalayim, and all the princes, and all the mighty warriors, ten thousand exiles, and all the craftsmen and the smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land.
Rashi
החרש והמסגר. תרגם יונתן: אומניא ותרעיא. ורבותינו אמרו (גיטין פח א): חכמים גדולים בתורה, שכשאחד פותח הכל שותקין, כמו שכתוב (ישעיהו מא א): החרישו אלי איים, מסגר, הכל יושבין לפניו ולמדין הימנו, כמו שנאמר (שם כב): ופתח ואין סוגר וסגר ואין פותח:
Craftsmen and gatekeepers. [Targum] Yonoson rendered the craftsmen and the sentries of the gates. But, our Rabbis said that these were great Torah scholars,7I.e., “craftsmen and gatekeepers” is a metaphoric allusion to Torah scholars. See Maseches Sanhedrin 38a. that when one would begin [to speak], all remained silent [=חרש], as it is written, “Be silent before Me, O islands.”8Yeshayohu 41:1. ”מסגר” [is one who] all sit before him and learn from him, as it is stated, ”And he will open, and no one will close, and he will close, and no one will open.”9Ibid 22:22. 10See Maseches Gittin 88a.
וַיֶּגֶל אֶת־יְהוֹיָכִין בָּבֶלָה וְאֶת־אֵם הַמֶּלֶךְ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְאֶת־סָרִיסָיו וְאֵת (אולי) [אֵילֵי] הָאָרֶץ הוֹלִיךְ גּוֹלָה מִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בָּבֶֽלָה׃
And he carried away Yehoyakhin to Bavel, and the king’s mother, and the king’s wives, and his officers, and the mighty of the land, those he took away into exile from Yerushalayim to Bavel.
And he carried away Yehoyakhin to Bavel, and the king’s mother, and the king’s wives, and his officers, and the mighty of the land, those he took away into exile from Yerushalayim to Bavel.
Rashi
ואת אילי הארץ. אלו חורי יהודה ובנימין, וצדיקים היו, עליהם הכתוב אומר (ירמיהו כד ה): כתאנים הטובות האלה כן אכיר את גלות יהודה:
And the dignitaries of the land. These are the dignitaries of Yehudah and Binyomin, who were righteous men. Concerning them Scripture states, ”Like these good figs, so will I recognize the exiles of Yehudah.”11Yirmiyahu 24:5.
וְאֵת כׇּל־אַנְשֵׁי הַחַיִל שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וְהֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר אֶלֶף הַכֹּל גִּבּוֹרִים עֹשֵׂי מִלְחָמָה וַיְבִיאֵם מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל גּוֹלָה בָּבֶֽלָה׃
And all the men of might, seven thousand, and craftsmen and smiths a thousand, all that were strong and apt for war, even them the king of Bavel took into exile to Bavel.
And all the men of might, seven thousand, and craftsmen and smiths a thousand, all that were strong and apt for war, even them the king of Bavel took into exile to Bavel.
Rashi
שבעת אלפים. ולמעלה הוא אומר עשרת אלפים, בא הכתוב השלישי והכריע בספר ירמיהו (נב כח): זה העם אשר הגלה נבוכדנצר בשנת שבע יהודים שלשת אלפים, אמור מעתה שלשת אלפים היו משבט יהודה, ושבעת אלפים מבנימין ושאר שבטים, ואף בסדר עולם למדנו כן:
Seven thousand. But above he states, “ten thousand.”12Above, v. 14. The third verse comes to reconcile [the difference], in the Book of Yirmiyohu, ”This is the people whom Nevuchadnetzar exiled in the seventh year, three thousand Jews.”13Yirmiyahu 52:28. The verse there states, “three thousand and twenty-three Jews.” We deduce from here that three thousand were of the tribe of Yehudah and seven thousand were of Binyomin and the other tribes. Also in Seder Olam we learned this.
וַיַּמְלֵךְ מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶת־מַתַּנְיָה דֹדוֹ תַּחְתָּיו וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ {פ}
And the king of Bavel made Mattanya his father’s brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Żidqiyyahu.
And the king of Bavel made Mattanya his father’s brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Żidqiyyahu.
Rashi
ויסב את שמו צדקיהו. יה יצדיק עליך את הדין, אם תמרוד בי (הוריות יא ב):
And changed his name to Tzidkiyohu. May God justify the judgment upon you if you rebel against me.14See Maseches Horiyos 11b.
בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה צִדְקִיָּהוּ בְמׇלְכוֹ וְאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְשֵׁם אִמּוֹ (חמיטל) [חֲמוּטַל] בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָהוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה׃
Żidqiyyahu was twenty one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Yerushalayim. And his mother’s name was Ḥamutal, the daughter of Yirmeyahu from Livna.
Żidqiyyahu was twenty one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Yerushalayim. And his mother’s name was Ḥamutal, the daughter of Yirmeyahu from Livna.
וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה יְהוֹיָקִֽים׃
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that Yehoyaqim had done.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that Yehoyaqim had done.
כִּי ׀ עַל־אַף יְהֹוָה הָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וּבִיהוּדָה עַד־הִשְׁלִכוֹ אֹתָם מֵעַל פָּנָיו וַיִּמְרֹד צִדְקִיָּהוּ בְּמֶלֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ {ס}
For through the anger of the Lord it came to pass in Yerushalayim and Yehuda, until he had cast them out from his presence; and Żidqiyyahu rebelled against the king of Bavel.
For through the anger of the Lord it came to pass in Yerushalayim and Yehuda, until he had cast them out from his presence; and Żidqiyyahu rebelled against the king of Bavel.
Rashi
כי על אף ה' היתה וגו'. לפיכך וימרוד צדקיהו במלך בבל, נתן הקב"ה בלבו למרוד בו, כדי שיגלה:
Indeed the wrath of Adonoy was, etc. Therefore, Tzidkiyohu rebelled against the king of Bavel. The Holy One, Blessed Is He, gave him the desire to rebel against him in order that he would be exiled.15God incited Tzidkiyohu to rebel in order to exile the Bnei Yisroel from Eretz Yisroel.
אך על פי ה' היתה. כל הרעה הבאה ביהודה על ידי הגדודים האלה:
Indeed, it was by the order of Adonoy. All the calamity that befell Yehudah through these bands.1I.e., all the calamity had been preordained from the time of Menashe's reign.—Radak