Mussar
Mesillat Yesharim 1 מסילת ישרים א׳
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בְּבֵאוּר כְּלַל חוֹבַת הָאָדָם בְּעוֹלָמוֹ
יְסוֹד הַחֲסִידוּת וְשֹׁרֶשׁ הָעֲבוֹדָה הַתְּמִימָה הוּא שֶׁיִּתְבָּרֵר וְיִתְאַמֵּת אֵצֶל הָאָדָם מָה חוֹבָתוֹ בְּעוֹלָמוֹ וּלְמָה צָרִיךְ שֶׁיָּשִׂים מַבָּטוֹ וּמְגַמָּתוֹ בְּכָל אֲשֶׁר הוּא עָמֵל כָּל יְמֵי חַיָּיו.
The foundation of piety and the root of perfect service is that a person clarify and make true for himself what his obligation in his world is. He must know toward what he needs to set his gaze and his aim in all that he toils all the days of his life.
The foundation of piety and the root of perfect service [of G-d] is for a man to clarify and come to realize as truth what is his obligation in his world and to what he needs to direct his gaze and his aspiration in all that he toils all the days of his life.
וְהִנֵּה מָה שֶׁהוֹרוּנוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה הוּא, שֶׁהָאָדָם לֹא נִבְרָא אֶלָּא לְהִתְעַנֵּג עַל ה' וְלֵהָנוֹת מִזִּיו שְׁכִינָתוֹ שֶׁזֶּהוּ הַתַּעֲנוּג הָאֲמִתִּי וְהָעִדּוּן הַגָּדוֹל מִכָּל הָעִדּוּנִים שֶׁיְּכוֹלִים לְהִמָּצֵא. וּמְקוֹם הָעִדּוּן הַזֶּה בֶּאֱמֶת הוּא הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, כִּי הוּא הַנִּבְרָא בַּהֲכָנָה הַמִּצְטָרֶכֶת לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה.
The text says: this is what our sages, may their memory be blessed, taught us — man was created only to delight in Hashem and to enjoy the radiance of His Shechinah. This is the true delight and the greatest pleasure of all the pleasures that can be found. The place of this pleasure is truly the World to Come, because it is the one created with the preparation needed for this thing.
Behold, what our sages, of blessed memory, have taught us is that man was created solely to delight in G-d and to derive pleasure in the radiance of the Shechina (divine presence). For this is the true delight and the greatest pleasure that can possibly exist. The place of this pleasure is, in truth, in Olam Haba (the World to Come). For it was created expressly for this purpose.
אַךְ הַדֶּרֶךְ כְּדֵי לְהַגִּיעַ אֶל מְחוֹז חֶפְצֵנוּ זֶה, הוּא זֶה הָעוֹלָם. וְהוּא מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (אבות ד): הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה דּוֹמֶה לִפְרוֹזְדוֹר בִּפְנֵי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא.
But the way to reach this desired haven of ours is this world itself. And this is what the sages, may their memory be blessed, said in Avot, chapter four: "This world is like a corridor before the World to Come."
But the path to arrive at the "desired haven" (Ps. 107:30) of ours is this world. This is what our sages of blessed memory said: "this world is like a corridor before the World to Come" (Avot 4:16).
וְהָאֶמְצָעִים הַמַּגִּיעִים אֶת הָאָדָם לַתַּכְלִית הַזֶּה, הֵם הַמִּצְווֹת אֲשֶׁר צִוָּנוּ עֲלֵיהֶן הָאֵל יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ. וּמְקוֹם עֲשִׂיַּת הַמִּצְווֹת הוּא רַק הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. עַל כֵּן הוּשַׂם הָאָדָם בָּזֶה הָעוֹלָם בַּתְּחִלָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁעַל יְדֵי הָאֶמְצָעִים הָאֵלֶּה הַמִּזְדַּמְּנִים לוֹ כָּאן יוּכַל לְהַגִּיעַ אֶל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר הוּכַן לוֹ, שֶׁהוּא הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, לִרְווֹת שָׁם בַּטּוֹב אֲשֶׁר קָנָה לוֹ עַל יְדֵי אֶמְצָעִים אֵלֶּה. וְהוּא מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (עירובין כב א): הַיּוֹם לַעֲשׂוֹתָם וּמָחָר לְקַבֵּל שְׂכָרָם.
The means that bring a person to this goal are the mitzvot that Hashem commanded us to do. The place where mitzvot are done is only this world. Therefore a person was placed in this world first, so that through these means available to him here he can reach the place prepared for him, which is the World to Come, and there be sated with the good he acquired through these means. This is what the sages said: "today to do them, and tomorrow to receive their reward."
The means that lead a person to this goal are the commandments which the blessed G-d commanded to us. The place of the performance of these commandments is only in this world. Therefore, man was first placed in this world so that through these means prepared for him here, he will be able to reach the place prepared for him, namely, the World to Come, there to be sated with the good which he acquired through these means. This is what our sages of blessed memory said "today to do them, and tomorrow to receive their reward" (Eruvin 22:1).
וּכְשֶׁתִּסְתַּכֵּל בַּדָּבָר תִּרְאֶה כִּי הַשְּׁלֵמוּת הָאֲמִתִּי הוּא רַק הַדְּבֵקוּת בּוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ, וְהוּא מָה שֶׁהָיָה דָּוִד הַמֶּלֶךְ אוֹמֵר (תהלים עג): וַאֲנִי קִרְבַת אֱלֹהִים לִי טוֹב. וְאוֹמֵר (שם כז): אַחַת שָׁאַלְתִּי מֵאֵת ה' אוֹתָהּ אֲבַקֵּשׁ שִׁבְתִּי בְּבֵית ה' כָּל יְמֵי חַיַּי וְגוֹ', כִּי רַק זֶה הוּא הַטּוֹב. וְכָל זוּלַת זֶה שֶׁיַּחְשְׁבוּהוּ בְּנֵי הָאָדָם לְטוֹב, אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא הֶבֶל וְשָׁוְא נִתְעֶה.
When you look further into the matter, you will see that true perfection lies only in clinging to G-d. This is what King David said "But as for me, closeness to G-d is my good" (Ps. 73:28) and, "one thing I asked from G-d; that I seek, that I may dwell in G-d's house all the days of my life, to gaze on the pleasantness of G-d..." (Ps. 27:4). For only this is the good, while anything besides this that people consider good is really emptiness and mistaken worthlessness.
When you look further into the matter, you will see that true perfection lies only in clinging to G-d. This is what King David said "But as for me, closeness to G-d is my good" (Ps. 73:28) and, "one thing I asked from G-d; that I seek, that I may dwell in G-d's house all the days of my life, to gaze on the pleasantness of G-d..." (Ps. 27:4). For only this is the good, while anything besides this that people consider good is really emptiness and mistaken worthlessness.
אָמְנָם לִכְשֶׁיִּזְכֶּה הָאָדָם לַטּוֹבָה הַזֹּאת, רָאוּי שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל רִאשׁוֹנָה וְיִשְׁתַּדֵּל בִּיגִיעוֹ לִקְנוֹתָהּ, וְהַיְנוּ שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּדֵּל לִדָּבֵק בּוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ בְּכֹחַ מַעֲשִׂים שֶׁתּוֹלַדְתָּם זֶה הָעִנְיָן וְהֵם הֵם הַמִּצְוֹת.
But when a person merits this good, it is fitting that he first labor and exert himself with toil to acquire it. That is, he should exert himself to cling to Hashem, blessed be He, through the power of deeds that produce this matter. And those deeds are the mitzvot.
For a person to attain this good, it is proper that he first exert himself strenuously to acquire it, namely, to exert himself to cling to the blessed G-d through the power of deeds whose consequence is this end. These deeds are the commandments.
וְהִנֵּה שָׂמוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָאָדָם בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁרַבִּים בּוֹ הַמַּרְחִיקִים אוֹתוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ יִתְבָּרַךְ, וְהֵם הֵם הַתַּאֲווֹת הַחָמְרִיּוֹת אֲשֶׁר אִם יִמָּשֵׁךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶן הִנֵּה הוּא מִתְרַחֵק וְהוֹלֵךְ מִן הַטּוֹב הָאֲמִתִּי
And behold, the Holy One, blessed be He, placed man in a place where many things distance him from Him, blessed be He. These are the physical desires. If he is drawn after them, behold, he distances himself and goes from the true good.
The Holy One, blessed be He, has put man in a place where the factors which distance him from the blessed G-d are numerous. These are the physical lusts which if he is drawn after them, behold, he draws away and goes ever further from the true good.
וְנִמְצָא שֶׁהוּא מוּשָׂם בֶּאֱמֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַמִּלְחָמָה הַחֲזָקָה, כִּי כָל עִנְיְנֵי הָעוֹלָם בֵּין לְטוֹב בֵּין לְרַע הִנֵּה הֵם נִסְיוֹנוֹת לָאָדָם, הָעֹנִי מִצַּד אֶחָד וְהָעֹשֶׁר מִצַּד אֶחָד כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁאָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה (משלי ל): פֶּן אֶשְׂבַּע וְכִחַשְׁתִּי וְאָמַרְתִּי מִי ה', וּפֶן אִוָּרֵשׁ וְגָנַבְתִּי וְכוּ'. הַשַּׁלְוָה מִצַּד אֶחָד וְהַיִּסּוּרִין מִצַּד אֶחָד, עַד שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת הַמִּלְחָמָה אֵלָיו פָּנִים וְאָחוֹר.
So it turns out that a person is truly placed inside the strong battle. For all the matters of the world, whether for good or for bad, are tests for a person: poverty on one side and wealth on the other, as Shlomo said, "Lest I be satisfied and deny and say, who is Hashem, and lest I become poor and steal..." Calm on one side and suffering on the other, until the battle comes at him from the front and from the back.
Thus, we see that man is truly placed in the midst of a raging battlefield. For all matters of this world, whether for the good or for the bad, are trials for a man. Poverty from one side versus wealth from the other. This is as Shlomo said: "Lest I be satiated, and deny You, and say, Who is G-d? or lest I be poor, and steal..." (Prov.30:9). Tranquility on one hand versus suffering on the other, until the battle is waged against him from the front and from the rear.
וְאִם יִהְיֶה לְבֶן חַיִל וִינַצַּח הַמִּלְחָמָה מִכָּל הַצְּדָדִין, הוּא יִהְיֶה הָאָדָם הַשָּׁלֵם אֲשֶׁר יִזְכֶּה לִדָּבֵק בְּבוֹרְאוֹ וְיֵצֵא מִן הַפְּרוֹזְדוֹר הַזֶּה וְיִכָּנֵס בַּטְּרַקְלִין לֵאוֹר בְּאוֹר הַחַיִּים.
And if he is a man of valor and wins the battle from every side, he will be the whole man. He will merit to cling to his Creator. He will leave this corridor and enter the palace, to be lit by the light of life.
If he will be a man of valor, emerging from the battle victorious on all fronts - he will be the "Adam HaShalem" (whole/perfect man) who will merit to cling to his Creator and will emerge from this corridor to enter into the palace to enlighten in the Light of (eternal) Life.
וּכְפִי הַשִּׁעוּר אֲשֶׁר כָּבַשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ וְתַאֲווֹתָיו וְנִתְרַחֵק מִן הַמַּרְחִיקִים אוֹתוֹ מֵהַטּוֹב וְנִשְׁתַּדֵּל לִדָּבֵק בּוֹ, כֵּן יַשִּׂיגֵהוּ וְיִשְׂמַח בּוֹ.
In the measure that a person conquered his yetzer and his desires, and distanced himself from the things that distance him from the good, and exerted himself to cling to Hashem — in that measure he will attain it and rejoice in it.
According to the extent that he conquered his inclination and lusts, and distanced from the factors which distance him from the good, and exerted himself to cling to G-d, to that extent will he attain it and rejoice in it.
וְאִם תַּעֲמִיק עוֹד בָּעִנְיָן תִּרְאֶה כִּי הָעוֹלָם נִבְרָא לְשִׁמּוּשׁ הָאָדָם. אָמְנָם הִנֵּה הוּא עוֹמֵד בְּשִׁקּוּל גָּדוֹל. כִּי אִם הָאָדָם נִמְשָׁךְ אַחַר הָעוֹלָם וּמִתְרַחֵק מִבּוֹרְאוֹ, הִנֵּה הוּא מִתְקַלְקֵל, וּמְקַלְקֵל הָעוֹלָם עִמּוֹ. וְאִם הוּא שׁוֹלֵט בְּעַצְמוֹ וְנִדְבָּק בְּבוֹרְאוֹ וּמִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מִן הָעוֹלָם רַק לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְסִיּוּעַ לַעֲבוֹדַת בּוֹרְאוֹ, הוּא מִתְעַלֶּה וְהָעוֹלָם עַצְמוֹ מִתְעַלֶּה עִמּוֹ. כִּי הִנֵּה עִלּוּי גָּדוֹל הוּא לַבְּרִיּוֹת כֻּלָּם בִּהְיוֹתָם מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הָאָדָם הַשָּׁלֵם הַמְקֻדָּשׁ בִּקְדֻשָּׁתוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ.
And if you look deeper into the matter, you will see that the world was created for man's use. But he stands on a great balance. If a man is drawn after the world and distances himself from his Maker, he is corrupted and corrupts the world with him. And if he rules over himself and clings to his Maker, and uses the world only to be an aid for serving his Maker, he is elevated and the world itself is elevated with him. For it is a great elevation for all creations when they serve the whole man, sanctified with the holiness of the blessed One.
If you look deeper into the matter, you will see that this world was created for man's use. But, behold man stands on a great balance. For if he is drawn after the world and distances from his Creator, behold, he corrupts himself and corrupts the world with him. But if he rules over himself and clings to his Creator, and uses the world only as an aid to serve his Creator - then he elevates himself and elevates the world with him. For all creations are greatly elevated when they serve the "Adam HaShalem" (whole/perfect man) who is sanctified with the holiness of the blessed G-d.
וְהוּא כְּעִנְיַן מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּעִנְיַן הָאוֹר שֶׁגְּנָזוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַצַּדִּיקִים וְזֶה לְשׁוֹנָם (חגיגה יב): כֵּוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹר שֶׁגְּנָזוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַצַּדִּיקִים, שָׂמַח, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יג): אוֹר צַדִּיקִים יִשְׂמָח.
This is like what our Sages, may their memory be blessed, said about the light that Hashem stored away for the righteous. Their words (Chagigah 12): "Since he saw the light that Hashem stored away for the righteous, he rejoiced, as it is said (Mishlei 13): 'the light of the righteous rejoices.'"
This is like what our sages of blessed memory said regarding the light which G-d stored away for the righteous (Chagiga 12a): "when G-d saw the light which He stored away for the righteous, He rejoiced, as written: 'the light of the righteous rejoices' (Prov.13:9)".
וּבְעִנְיַן אַבְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁלָּקַח יַעֲקֹב וְשָׂם מְרַאֲשׁוֹתָיו אָמְרוּ (חולין צא:): אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּתְקַבְּצוּ כֻּלָּן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד וְהָיְתָה כָּל אַחַת אוֹמֶרֶת, עָלַי יַנִּיחַ צַדִּיק רֹאשׁוֹ.
The passage turns to the stones of the place that Yaakov took and placed at his head. It brings the teaching: Rabbi Yitzchak said, "This teaches that all of them gathered into one place, and each one was saying, 'Let the righteous man lay his head on me.'"
And regarding the "stones of the place" which Yaakov took and placed under his head the Midrash says (Chulin 91b): "Rabbi Yitzchak says: 'this teaches us that they gathered together in one place, each one saying: let the righteous man lay his head upon me'".
וְהִנֵּה עַל הָעִקָּר הַזֶּה הֶעִירוּנוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּמִדְרַשׁ קֹהֶלֶת (רבה, ז) שֶׁאָמְרוּ, זֶה לְשׁוֹנָם: רְאֵה אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים וְגוֹ' (קהלת ז), בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, נְטָלוֹ וְהֶחֱזִירוֹ עַל כָּל אִילָנֵי גַּן עֵדֶן וְאָמַר לוֹ, רְאֵה מַעֲשַׂי כַּמָּה נָאִים וּמְשֻׁבָּחִים הֵן, וְכָל מָה שֶׁבָּרָאתִי בִּשְׁבִילְךָ בָּרָאתִי, תֵּן דַּעַתְךָ שֶׁלֹּא תְּקַלְקֵל וְתַחֲרִיב אֶת עוֹלָמִי.
The text says: And behold, on this fundamental principle the sages roused us, may their memory be blessed, in Midrash Kohelet, saying — this is their language: "See the work of G-d, etc." (Kohelet 7). When Hashem created the first man, He took him and led him around all the trees of Gan Eden and said to him: See My works, how beautiful and praiseworthy they are. And everything that I created, for your sake I created. Give your mind that you not ruin and destroy My world.
Our sages roused us to this fundamental principle in Midrash Kohelet saying: "see the work of G-d." (Ecc. 7:13), "when the Holy One, Blessed be He, created Adam, He took him and led him to pass before all the trees of the Garden of Eden and said to him: 'see how beautiful and excellent are my works. All that I have created, I have created for your sake. Be careful that you do not become corrupt and destroy My world.'"
כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר, הָאָדָם לֹא נִבְרָא בַּעֲבוּר מַצָּבוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה אֶלָּא בַּעֲבוּר מַצָּבוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא, אֶלָּא שֶׁמַּצָּבוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה הוּא אֶמְצָעִי לְמַצָּבוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא שֶׁהוּא תַּכְלִיתוֹ.
The general principle is: a person was not created for his situation in this world but for his situation in the World to Come. Only his situation in this world is a means to his situation in the World to Come, which is his ultimate purpose.
The general principle of this matter: man was not created for his state in this world, but rather, for his state in the World to Come. Only that his state in this world is a means towards his state in the World to Come, which is his ultimate purpose.
עַל כֵּן תִּמְצָא מַאַמְרֵי חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה רַבִּים כֻּלָּם בְּסִגְנוֹן אֶחָד מְדַמִּים הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה לִמְקוֹם וּזְמַן הַהֲכָנָה, וְהָעוֹלָם הַבָּא לִמְקוֹם הַמְּנוּחָה וַאֲכִילַת הַמּוּכָן כְּבָר, וְהוּא מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה דּוֹמֶה לִפְרוֹזְדוֹר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: הַיּוֹם לַעֲשׂוֹתָם וּמָחָר לְקַבֵּל שְׂכָרָם (ע"ז ב). מִי שֶׁטָּרַח בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, יֹאכַל בְּשַׁבָּת. הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה דּוֹמֶה לְיַבָּשָׁה, וְהָעוֹלָם הַבָּא לְיָם וְכוּ' (ק"ר א). וְכָאֵלֶּה רַבִּים עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ.
Therefore you find many sayings of our sages, of blessed memory, all in one style: they compare this world to a place and a time of preparation, and the World to Come to a place of rest and of eating what is already prepared. This is what they said: this world is like a prozdor (a corridor), as they said: "today to do them and tomorrow to receive their reward." One who toiled on erev Shabbat will eat on Shabbat. This world is like dry land, and the World to Come like a sea, and so on. And there are many more like these along this path.
Hence, you will find many statements of our sages, of blessed memory, all along similar lines, comparing this world to a place and time of preparation while the next world is compared to a place of rest and eating what has already been prepared. For instance they said: "this world is like a corridor" (Avos 4:16), as I wrote earlier; "today for their performance and tomorrow [for receiving their reward]..." (Avodah Zara 3a); "He who toiled on Friday will eat on the Sabbath" (Kohelet Raba 1:15); "this world is like the shore and the next world like the sea", and many other statements along the same lines.
וְתִרְאֶה בֶּאֱמֶת שֶׁכְּבָר לֹא יוּכַל שׁוּם בַּעַל שֵׂכֶל לְהַאֲמִין שֶׁתַּכְלִית בְּרִיאַת הָאָדָם הוּא לְמַצָּבוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, כִּי מָה הֵם חַיֵּי הָאָדָם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, אוֹ מִי הוּא שֶׁשָּׂמֵחַ וְשָׁלֵיו מַמָּשׁ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. יְמֵי שְׁנוֹתֵינוּ בָהֶם שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה וְאִם בִּגְבוּרֹת שְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה וְרָהְבָּם עָמָל וָאָוֶן (תהלים צ),
You can truly see that no person of understanding can still believe that the purpose of man's creation is his situation in this world. For what is man's life in this world, or who is truly happy and calm in this world? The days of our years are seventy, and if with strength, eighty, and their pride is toil and sorrow.
Indeed, you can see that no rational person can possibly believe that the purpose of man's creation is for his existence in this world. For what is man's life in this world? Who is truly happy and content in this world? "The days of our life are 70 years, and if by strength, 80 years, yet their span is but toil and trouble" (Ps. 90:10).
בְּכַמָּה מִינֵי צַעַר וָחֳלָאִים וּמַכְאוֹבִים וּטְרָדוֹת, וְאַחַר כָּל זֹאת, הַמָּוֶת. אֶחָד מִנִּי אֶלֶף לֹא יִמָּצֵא שֶׁיַּרְבֶּה הָעוֹלָם לוֹ הֲנָאוֹת וְשַׁלְוָה אֲמִתִּית. וְגַם הוּא, אִלּוּ יַגִּיעַ לְמֵאָה שָׁנָה כְּבָר עָבַר וּבָטַל מִן הָעוֹלָם.
The passage lists several kinds of pain, sickness, aches, and troubles, and after all this, death. Not one in a thousand will be found for whom the world brings many pleasures and true peace. And even that person, if he reaches a hundred years, has already passed and disappeared from the world.
How many sorts of distress and sicknesses, pain and burdens, and after all that death! Not one in a thousand can be found to whom this world has granted plenty of pleasures and true contentment. And even such a person, if he reaches the age of a hundred years, already [is as one who already] passed and disappeared from the world.
וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁאִם תַּכְלִית בְּרִיאַת הָאָדָם הָיָה לְצֹרֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ מִפְּנֵי זֶה שֶׁתְּנֻפַּח בּוֹ נְשָׁמָה כָּל כָּךְ חֲשׁוּבָה וְעֶלְיוֹנָה שֶׁתִּהְיֶה גְּדוֹלָה יוֹתֵר מִן הַמַּלְאָכִים עַצְמָם.
And furthermore: if the purpose of man's creation were for the needs of this world, then because of that there would be no need to blow into him a soul so important and exalted, one that is greater than the angels themselves.
Furthermore, if the purpose of man's creation were for the sake of this world, it would not have been necessary to imbue him with such a lofty and exalted soul, greater even than the angels themselves.
כָּל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁהִיא אֵינָהּ מוֹצְאָהּ שׁוּם נַחַת רוּחַ בְּכָל עִנּוּגֵי זֶה הָעוֹלָם. וְהוּא מָה שֶׁלִּמְּדוּנוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּמִדְרַשׁ קֹהֶלֶת, זוֹ לְשׁוֹנָם (קהלת רבה ו): וְגַם הַנֶּפֶשׁ לֹא תִמָּלֵא, מָשָׁל לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה, לְעִירוֹנִי שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַּת מֶלֶךְ, אִם יָבִיא לָהּ כָּל מָה שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם, אֵינָם חֲשׁוּבִים לָהּ כְּלוּם, שֶׁהִיא בַּת מֶלֶךְ. כָּךְ הַנֶּפֶשׁ, אִלּוּ הֵבֵאתָ לָהּ כָּל מַעֲדַנֵּי עוֹלָם, אֵינָם כְּלוּם לָהּ, לָמָּה, שֶׁהִיא מִן הָעֶלְיוֹנִים.
All the more so, the soul finds no satisfaction in any of the pleasures of this world. This is what our sages of blessed memory taught in Midrash Kohelet — this is their wording (Kohelet Rabba 6): 'And also the soul will not be filled.' A parable: what is the matter like? A common man who married the king's daughter. If he brings her everything in the world, it is worth nothing to her, for she is the king's daughter. So the soul: if you brought her all the delicacies of the world, they are nothing to her — why? Because she is from the higher ones.
Especially so, when the soul finds no satisfaction whatsoever from all the pleasures of this world. This is what our sages teach us in Midrash Kohelet: "'but the soul will not be fulfilled' (Kohelet 6:7) - What is this analogous to? To the case of a common peasant who married the king's daughter. Even if he brought her all that the village possessed, it would be as nothing to her. For she is the king's daughter. So too with the soul, if you would bring to her all the pleasures of this world, they would be like nothing to her. For she is from higher worlds" (Kohelet Raba 6:7).
וְכֵן אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (אבות ד): עַל כָּרְחֲךָ אַתָּה נוֹצָר וְעַל כָּרְחֲךָ אַתָּה נוֹלָד. כִּי אֵין הַנְּשָׁמָה אוֹהֶבֶת הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה כְּלָל אֶלָּא אַדְּרַבָּא מוֹאֶסֶת בּוֹ. אִם כֵּן וַדַּאי לֹא הָיָה בּוֹרֵא הַבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרַךְ בְּרִיאָה לְתַכְלִית שֶׁהוּא נֶגֶד חֻקָּה וְנִמְאָס מִמֶּנָּה.
Likewise our rabbis of blessed memory said in Avot 4: 'Against your will you were formed, and against your will you were born.' For the soul does not love this world at all; on the contrary, it despises it. If so, certainly the Creator, blessed be He, would not have created a creation for a purpose that is against its nature and despised by it.
Likewise our sages of blessed memory taught us: "against your will were you formed, and against your will were you born" (Avot 4:22). For the soul does not love this world at all. On the contrary, it despises it. If so, certainly, the Creator, blessed be His Name, would never have created something for a purpose which is against its nature and despised by it!
אֶלָּא בְּרִיאָתוֹ שֶׁל הָאָדָם, לְמַצָּבוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא הִיא. וְעַל כֵּן נִתְּנָה בּוֹ נְשָׁמָה זֹאת, כִּי לָהּ רָאוּי לַעֲבֹד, וּבָהּ יוּכַל הָאָדָם לְקַבֵּל הַשָּׂכָר בִּמְקוֹמוֹ וּזְמַנּוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה דָּבָר נִמְאָס אֶל נִשְׁמָתוֹ כָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, אֶלָּא אַדְּרַבָּא נֶאֱהָב וְנֶחְמָד מִמֶּנָּה, וְזֶה פָּשׁוּט.
Rather, man's creation is for his standing in the World to Come. That is why this soul was placed in him: it is the soul that is fit to serve, and through it man can receive the reward in its place and time. So the World to Come will not be something despised by his soul, the way this world is, but rather beloved and cherished by it. And this is simple.
Rather, man's creation was for his state in the world to come. Therefore, this soul was placed in him, for it befits the soul to serve G-d; and through it a man will be rewarded in proper time and place. Thus this world will not be something despised to his soul, but rather beloved and cherished by it. This is evident.
וְהִנֵּה אַחַר שֶׁיָּדַעְנוּ זֶה, נָבִין מִיָּד חֹמֶר הַמִּצְווֹת אֲשֶׁר עָלֵינוּ וִיקָר הָעֲבוֹדָה אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֵינוּ, כִּי הִנֵּה אֵלֶּה הֵם הָאֶמְצָעִים הַמְּבִיאִים אוֹתָנוּ אֶל הַשְּׁלֵמוּת הָאֲמִתִּי, אֲשֶׁר בִּלְעֲדָם לֹא יֻשַּׂג כְּלָל.
And behold, after we have known this, we understand at once the weight of the mitzvot that are upon us and the preciousness of the service that is in our hands. For these are the means that bring us to true perfection, and without them it is not attained at all.
Behold, after knowing all this, we will immediately realize the grave obligation of the commandments upon us and the preciousness of the Divine service which lies in our hands. For these are the means which lead us to the true perfection. Without them, this state will not be attained in the least.
וְאוּלָם יָדוּעַ כִּי אֵין הַתַּכְלִית מַגִּיעַ אֶלָּא מִכֹּחַ קִבּוּץ כָּל הָאֶמְצָעִים אֲשֶׁר נִמְצְאוּ וַאֲשֶׁר שִׁמְּשׁוּ לְהַגִּיעוֹ. וּכְפִי כֹּחַ הָאֶמְצָעִים וְשִׁמּוּשָׁם, כֵּן יִהְיֶה הַתַּכְלִית הַנּוֹלָד מֵהֶם. וְכָל הֶפְרֵשׁ קָטָן שֶׁיִּמָּצֵא בָּאֶמְצָעִים, תִּבָּחֵן תּוֹלַדְתּוֹ בְּבֵרוּר וַדָּאִי בְּהַגִּיעַ זְמַן הַתַּכְלִית הַנּוֹלָד מִקִּבּוּץ כֻּלָּם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתַבְתִּי, וְזֶה בָּרוּר.
But it is known that the goal is not reached except through the combined force of all the means that were found and that served to reach it. According to the strength of the means and their use, so will be the goal born from them. And any small difference found in the means—its outcome will be examined clearly and certainly when the time of the goal born from the gathering of all of them arrives, as I wrote; and this is clear.
It is known that a purpose is not attained without the combined contribution of all the means found and employed to achieve it. According to the capacity of the means and their use will be the resulting achievement of purpose and any slight deviation found in the employed means will be very noticeable in the end result derived from their combined contributions. This is self-evident.
מֵעַתָּה וַדַּאי הוּא, שֶׁהַדִּקְדּוּק שֶׁיְּדֻקְדַּק עַל עִנְיַן הַמִּצְוֹת וְהָעֲבוֹדָה, מֻכְרָח שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בְּתַכְלִית הַדִּקְדּוּק כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַקְדְּקוּ שׁוֹקְלֵי הַזָּהָב וְהַפְּנִינִים לְרֹב יָקְרָם, כִּי תּוֹלַדְתָּם נוֹלֶדֶת בַּשְּׁלֵמוּת הָאֲמִתִּי וְהַיְּקָר הַנִּצְחִי שֶׁאֵין יְקָר לְמַעְלָה מִמֶּנּוּ.
From now on it is certain: the care we take with the mitzvot and the service must be with the utmost precision, just as those who weigh gold and pearls are precise because of their great value. For their produce is born in true perfection and eternal preciousness, and there is no preciousness above it.
It is obvious therefore, that we must be meticulous to the utmost degree in the manner of observance of the commandments and the service of G-d just as the merchants of gold and precious gems are meticulous to the utmost precision in weighing them due to their precious value. For the fruits of the commandments are the true perfection and the eternal preciousness of which there is nothing more precious.
נִמְצֵינוּ לְמֵדִים, כִּי עִקַּר מְצִיאוּת הָאָדָם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה הוּא רַק לְקַיֵּם מִצְווֹת וְלַעֲבֹד וְלַעֲמֹד בַּנִּסָּיוֹן
We learn that the main existence of a person in this world is only to fulfill mitzvot, to serve, and to stand in trials.
To summarize what we have learned, the primary [purpose] of man's existence in this world is solely to fulfill the commandments, serve [G-d] and stand up to trials.
וְהַנָּאוֹת הָעוֹלָם אֵין רָאוּי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לוֹ אֶלָּא לְעֵזֶר וּלְסִיּוּעַ בִּלְבַד לְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ נַחַת רוּחַ וְיִשּׁוּב דַּעַת לְמַעַן יוּכַל לְפַנּוֹת לִבּוֹ אֶל הָעֲבוֹדָה הַזֹּאת הַמֻּטֶּלֶת עָלָיו
The pleasures of this world should not be his except as help and support only — so that he has ease of spirit and a settled mind, in order that he may turn his heart to this service that is laid upon him.
The pleasures of this world should only be used for aiding and assisting him, so that he will have tranquility and peace of mind in order to free his heart for this service incumbent upon him.
וְאָמְנָם רָאוּי לוֹ שֶׁתִּהְיֶה כָּל פְּנִיָּתוֹ רַק לַבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרַךְ, וְשֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה לוֹ שׁוּם תַּכְלִית אַחֵר בְּכָל מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה אִם קָטָן וְאִם גָּדוֹל אֶלָּא לְהִתְקָרֵב אֵלָיו יִתְבָּרַךְ וְלִשְׁבֹּר כָּל הַמְּחִצּוֹת הַמַּפְסִיקוֹת בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין קוֹנוֹ, הֵן הֵנָּה כָּל עִנְיְנֵי הַחָמְרִיּוּת וְהַתָּלוּי בָּהֶם, עַד שֶׁיִּמָּשֵׁךְ אַחֲרָיו יִתְבָּרַךְ מַמָּשׁ כַּבַּרְזֶל אַחַר אֶבֶן הַשּׁוֹאֶבֶת.
And truly, it is proper for him that all his turning be only to the blessed Creator. He should have no other purpose in any action he does, whether small or great, except to draw close to Him, blessed be He, and to break all the barriers that stand between him and his Maker. These are all the matters of physicality and the things that depend on them — until he is drawn after Him, blessed be He, like iron after a magnet.
Thus it is proper that all of a man's inclination be solely to the blessed Creator and that all of his actions great or small have no other purpose than to draw closer to G-d, blessed be He, and to break down all the barriers separating him from his Master, which are all the matters of physicality and the things dependent on them, until he is drawn towards the blessed G-d like iron is drawn to a magnet.
וְכָל מַה שֶּׁיּוּכַל לַחְשֹׁב שֶׁהוּא אֶמְצָעִי לַקֻּרְבָה הַזֹּאת, יִרְדֹּף אַחֲרָיו וְיֶאֱחֹז בּוֹ וְלֹא יַרְפֵּהוּ.
Anything a person can think is a means to this closeness, he should chase after it, take hold of it, and not let it go.
And anything that he deems to be a means serving to drawing close to G-d, he will chase after it, grab hold of it, and not let it go.
וְכָל מַה שֶּׁיּוּכַל לַחְשֹׁב שֶׁהוּא מְנִיעָה לָזֶה, יִבְרַח מִמֶּנּוּ כְּבוֹרֵחַ מִן הָאֵשׁ, וּכְעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים סג): דָּבְקָה נַפְשִׁי אַחֲרֶיךָ בִּי תָּמְכָה יְמִינֶךָ,
Anything a person can think is a hindrance to this closeness, he should flee from it like someone fleeing from fire. This is like what is written: "My soul clings after You; Your right hand upholds me."
And anything which he deems to be detrimental to this, he should flee from it as one flees from fire, similar to what is written: "my soul clings after You, Your right hand upholds me" (Ps. 63:9).
כֵּיוָן שֶׁבִּיאָתוֹ לָעוֹלָם אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא לַתַּכְלִית הַזֶּה, דְּהַיְנוּ, לְהַשִּׂיג אֶת הַקִּרְבָה הַזֹּאת בְּמַלְּטוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ מִכָּל מוֹנְעֶיהָ וּמַפְסִידֶיהָ.
Since a person's coming into the world is only for this purpose—namely, to attain this closeness—by rescuing his soul from all its hindrances and detriments.
For his coming to this world is only for this purpose, namely, to attain this closeness, by rescuing his soul from whatever hindrance and detriment to it.
וְהִנֵּה אַחַר שֶׁיָּדַעְנוּ וְהִתְבָּרֵר אֶצְלֵנוּ אֲמִתַּת הַכְּלָל הַזֶּה, יֵשׁ לָנוּ לַחְקֹר עַל פְּרָטָיו לְפִי מַדְרֵגוֹתֵיהֶם מִתְּחִלַּת הַדָּבָר וְעַד סוֹפוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁסִּדְּרָם רַבִּי פִּנְחָס בֶּן יָאִיר בַּמַּאֲמָר שֶׁלּוֹ שֶׁהֵבֵאנוּ כְּבָר בְּהַקְדָּמָתֵנוּ, וְהֵם: הַזְּהִירוּת, הַזְּרִיזוּת, הַנְּקִיּוּת, הַפְּרִישׁוּת, הַטַּהֲרָה, הַחֲסִידוּת, הָעֲנָוָה, יִרְאַת הַחֵטְא וְהַקְּדֻשָּׁה.
Now that we know this general principle and it has become clear to us that it is true, we must investigate its details, according to their stages, from the beginning of the matter to its end. This is the order in which Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair arranged them in his teaching, which we already brought in our introduction. They are: watchfulness, zeal, cleanliness, separation, purity, piety, humility, fear of sin, and holiness.
Behold, after we have known this general principle and clarified its veracity, we must investigate on its details, according to its stages, from beginning to end as Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair arranged in his teaching which we brought in the introduction. These steps are "watchfulness", "zeal", "cleanliness", "separation", "purity", "piety", "humility", "fear of sin", "holiness".
וְעַתָּה נְבָאֲרֵם אֶחָד אֶחָד בְּסִיַּעְתָּא דִּשְׁמַיָּא.
And now we will explain them one by one, with help from Heaven.
Now we will clarify them one by one, with G-d's help.