Tanach
Michah 4:8-14 מיכה ד׳:ח׳-י״ד
Part of: Chapter 4
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וְאַתָּה מִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר עֹפֶל בַּת־צִיּוֹן עָדֶיךָ תֵּאתֶה וּבָאָה הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה הָרִאשֹׁנָה מַמְלֶכֶת לְבַת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃
And thou, O tower of the flock, the stronghold of the daughter of Żiyyon, to thee shall it come; the former dominion shall come, the kingdom of the daughter of Yerushalayim.
And thou, O tower of the flock, the stronghold of the daughter of Żiyyon, to thee shall it come; the former dominion shall come, the kingdom of the daughter of Yerushalayim.
Rashi
עָדֶיךָ תֵּאתֶה. שְׁאֵרִית הַצּוֹלֵעָה וְהַנַּהֲלָאָה כֻּלָּם יִקָּבְצוּ אֵלֶיךָ:
to you it shall come—The remnant of the limping ones and the scattered ones shall gather to you.
וּבָאָה הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. תָּבֹא הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה שְׁלֵמָה כֻּלָּהּ אֶל בֵּית דָּוִד בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיְתָה בַּתְּחִלָּה עַד שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְלְקָה. וּמַה הִיא הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה הַמַּמְלָכָה לְבַת יְרוּשָׁלָיִם:
and the former kingdom shall come—The complete kingdom, in its entirety, shall come to the house of David in Jerusalem as it was originally, before it was divided. Now what was the former kingdom? The kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem.
עַתָּה לָמָּה תָרִיעִי רֵעַ הֲמֶלֶךְ אֵֽין־בָּךְ אִֽם־יוֹעֲצֵךְ אָבָד כִּֽי־הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃
Now why dost thou cry out aloud? is there no king in thee? is thy counsellor perished? that pangs have seized thee as a woman in travail.
Now why dost thou cry out aloud? is there no king in thee? is thy counsellor perished? that pangs have seized thee as a woman in travail.
Rashi
עַתָּה. שֶׁאַתְּ מוֹרֶדֶת בִּי:
Now that you rebel against Me.
לָמָּה תָּרִיעִי רֵעַ. שִׁיתִי לִבֵּךְ לָמָּה אַתְּ צְרִיכָה לְבַקֵּשׁ רֵעִים וַאֲהוּבִים מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם וּמַלְכֵי אַשּׁוּר לַעֲזֹר:
why do you seek friends? Heb. תָרִיעִי רֵעַ, lit. befriend a friend. Put to your heart: why do you need to seek friends and beloved ones, the kings of Egypt and the kings of Assyria, for aid?
חוּלִי וָגֹחִי בַּת־צִיּוֹן כַּיּֽוֹלֵדָה כִּֽי־עַתָּה תֵצְאִי מִקִּרְיָה וְשָׁכַנְתְּ בַּשָּׂדֶה וּבָאת עַד־בָּבֶל שָׁם תִּנָּצֵלִי שָׁם יִגְאָלֵךְ יְהֹוָה מִכַּף אֹיְבָֽיִךְ׃
Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Żiyyon, like a woman in travail: for now shalt thou go out of the city, and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt come to Bavel; there shalt thou be rescued; there the Lord shall redeem thee from the hand of thy enemies.
Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Żiyyon, like a woman in travail: for now shalt thou go out of the city, and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt come to Bavel; there shalt thou be rescued; there the Lord shall redeem thee from the hand of thy enemies.
Rashi
חוּלִי. לְשׁוֹן ׳חַלְחָלָה׳ כְּמוֹ (כאן) ״כִּי הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל״, וְהַלָּשׁוֹן נוֹפֵל עַל יוֹלֶדֶת:
Be in pain Heb. חוּלִי, an expression of pain, as in (verse 9) “that pangs (חִיל) have seized you.” This expression is appropriate for a woman in confinement.
וָגֹחִי. כִּרְעִי וּשְׁחִי עַל גְּחוֹנֵךְ. וְכֵן בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה ״כּוֹתֶל הַגּוֹחֶה לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים״:
and kneel Heb. וָגֹחִי, kneel and bend down on your belly (גָחוֹן). So it is in the language of the Mishnah (Moed Katan 7a): “A wall that bends over (הַגוֹחֶה) into a public domain.”
תֵּצְאִי מִקִּרְיָה. מִירוּשָׁלַיִם לָלֶכֶת בַּגּוֹלָה:
you shall go forth from the city—From Jerusalem, to go into exile.
וְשָׁכַנְתְּ בַּשָּׂדֶה. תְּהִי שְׁכִינָתֵךְ חֲרוּשָׁה כַּשָּׂדֶה:
and you shall dwell in the field—Your dwelling shall be plowed up like a field.
וְעַתָּה נֶאֶסְפוּ עָלַיִךְ גּוֹיִם רַבִּים הָאֹמְרִים תֶּחֱנָף וְתַחַז בְּצִיּוֹן עֵינֵֽינוּ׃
And now many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eyes look upon Żiyyon.
And now many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eyes look upon Żiyyon.
Rashi
הָאוֹמְרִים תֶּחֱנָף. עַתָּה תִּתְחַיֵּב צִיּוֹן בְּחַטֹּאתֶיהָ וְיִפָּקֵד עָלֶיהָ עֲוֹנָהּ:
who say, “Let her be guilty”—Let Zion be guilty of her sins, and let her iniquity be visited upon her.
וְתַחַז בְּצִיּוֹן עֵינֵינוּ. וְתִרְאֶינָה בָּהּ עֵינֵינוּ מַה שֶּׁאִוִּינוּ לִרְאוֹת בָּהּ:
and our eyes shall gaze on Zion And our eyes will see in her what we hoped to see her.
וְהֵמָּה לֹא יָֽדְעוּ מַחְשְׁבוֹת יְהֹוָה וְלֹא הֵבִינוּ עֲצָתוֹ כִּי קִבְּצָם כֶּעָמִיר גֹּֽרְנָה׃
But they know not the thoughts of the Lord, neither do they understand his counsel: for he has gathered them as the sheaves to the threshing floor.
But they know not the thoughts of the Lord, neither do they understand his counsel: for he has gathered them as the sheaves to the threshing floor.
Rashi
כִּי קִבְּצָם כֶּעָמִיר גֹּרְנָה. וְסוֹפוֹ לְקַבְּצָם אֶל עֵמֶק יְהוֹשָׁפָט וּסְבִיבוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לְמִלְחָמָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּקַבְּצִין עָמִיר כְּדֵי לְדוּשָׁם שָׁם, אַף הֵם חֵיל גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג לְרָעָתָם נֶאֶסְפוּ. וְיֹאמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לִכְנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל קוּמִי וָדוֹשִׁי בַת צִיּוֹן:
for He gathered them as sheaves to a threshing floor—And eventually, He will gather them to the Valley of Jehoshaphat and around Jerusalem to war, as they gather a sheaf in order to thresh it there. The heathens, too, will be gathered there for their detriment, and the Holy One, blessed be He, will say to the people of Israel: “Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion.”
קוּמִי וָדוֹשִׁי בַת־צִיּוֹן כִּֽי־קַרְנֵךְ אָשִׂים בַּרְזֶל וּפַרְסֹתַיִךְ אָשִׂים נְחוּשָׁה וַהֲדִקּוֹת עַמִּים רַבִּים וְהַחֲרַמְתִּי לַֽיהֹוָה בִּצְעָם וְחֵילָם לַאֲדוֹן כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Arise and thresh, O daughter of Żiyyon: for I will make thy horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many peoples: and thou shalt devote their gain to the Lord, and their substance to the Lord of the whole earth.
Arise and thresh, O daughter of Żiyyon: for I will make thy horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many peoples: and thou shalt devote their gain to the Lord, and their substance to the Lord of the whole earth.
Rashi
וְהַחֲרַמְתִּי. לְשׁוֹן ׳הֶקְדֵּשׁ׳:
and I will devote Heb. וְהַחֲרַמְתִּי, an expression of hallowing.
בִּצְעָם. מַה שֶּׁכִּנְּסוּ מִגְּזֵלָה וְחָמָס:
their plunder—What they gathered from robbery and violence.
וְחֵילָם. ״וְנִכְסֵיהוֹן״:
and their wealth—Their possessions.
עַתָּה תִּתְגֹּדְדִי בַת־גְּדוּד מָצוֹר שָׂם עָלֵינוּ בַּשֵּׁבֶט יַכּוּ עַֽל־הַלְּחִי אֵת שֹׁפֵט יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {ס}
Now gash thyself, O daughter of troops: he has laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Yisra᾽el with a rod upon the cheek.
Now gash thyself, O daughter of troops: he has laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Yisra᾽el with a rod upon the cheek.
Rashi
עַתָּה תִּתְגּוֹדְדִי בַת גְּדוּד. עַתָּה בְּעֵת גְּזֵרָתָהּ הָרָעָה עַל הֶעָוֹן כִּי גָבַר, תִּתְגּוֹדְדִי בַּת גְּדוּד בַּת כַּשְׂדִּים, קִבְצִי גְדוּדִין כִּי עַתָּה הוּא אֲשֶׁר תִּצְלְחִי בַּגְּדוּד אֲשֶׁר שָׂם מָצוֹר עָלֵינוּ:
Now you shall gather yourself in troops, O daughter of troops—Now, at the time of its [Israel’s] evil decree concerning the iniquity, which has increased, you shall gather yourself in troops, O daughter of troops; O daughter of the Chaldeans, gather troops, for now you shall succeed with the troop that laid siege upon us.
בַּשֵּׁבֶט יַכּוּ עַל הַלֶּחִי. מִי גָרַם לָךְ לְהַצְלִיחַ אֶת אֲשֶׁר יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלְעִיבִים עַל נְבִיאֵיהֶם וְשׁוֹפְטֵיהֶם וּמַכִּים אוֹתָם עַל הַלֶּחִי. כָּךְ הָיוּ עוֹשִׂים, וְכֵן מָצִינוּ בִּפְסִיקְתָּא וְכֵן יְשַׁעְיָה הוּא אוֹמֵר (ישעיהו נ:ו) ״גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים״:
With a rod, they strike... on the cheek—Who caused them (Babylon) to succeed? The Israelites deride their prophets and their judges and strike them on the cheek. So were they wont to do, and so we find in Pesikta (d’Rav Kahana, p. 125b), and so does Isaiah say, (Isa. 50:6) “I gave my back to smiters.”
וְאַתָּה מִגְדַּל עֵדֶר. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״וְאַתְּ מְשִׁיחָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דְּטָמִיר מִן קֳדָם חוֹבֵי כְּנִישְׁתָּא דְצִיּוֹן״. פֵּרוּשׁ מִגְדַּל לְשׁוֹן ׳מָעוֹז׳ וְתַרְגּוּם עֵדֶר ׳כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל׳ וְתִרְגֵּם עֹפֶל לְשׁוֹן ׳אֹפֶל׳. וְיֵשׁ לְפָרֵשׁ מִגְדַּל עֵדֶר בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְעֹפֶל לְשׁוֹן ׳מִגְדַּל עוֹז׳ וְכֵן ״עוֹפֶל וָבַחַן״ (ישעיה לב):
And you, tower of the flock Heb. מִגְדַּל עֵדֶר. Jonathan renders: And you, anointed one of Israel, who is hidden because of the sins of the people of Zion. His explanation is: מִגְדַּל is an expression of a stronghold, and he renders עֵדֶר as the people of Israel. He renders עֹפֶל as an expression of אֹפֶל, darkness. [I.e., מִגְדַּל עֵדֶר is the stronghold of Israel, identified as the Messiah. He is hidden because of the sins of the people of Zion. The word “hidden” is derived from אֹפֶל, darkness.] But it is possible to interpret מִגְדַּל עֵדֶר as the Temple, and עֹפֶל as an expression of a mighty tower. Likewise there is (Isa. 32:14) “Rampart (עֹפֶל) and tower.”