Midrash
Shir HaShirim Rabbah 4:5 שיר השירים רבה ד׳:ה׳
Part of: Chapter 4
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שְׁנֵי שָׁדַיִךְ, אֵלּוּ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן, מָה הַשָּׁדַיִם הַלָּלוּ הוֹדָהּ וַהֲדָרָהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה, כָּךְ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן הוֹדָן וַהֲדָרָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. מָה הַשָּׁדַיִם הַלָּלוּ נוֹיָהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה, כָּךְ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן נוֹיָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. מָה הַשָּׁדַיִם הַלָּלוּ כְּבוֹדָהּ וְשִׁבְחָהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה, כָּךְ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן כְּבוֹדָן וְשִׁבְחָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. מָה הַשָּׁדַיִם הַלָּלוּ מְלֵאִים חָלָב, כָּךְ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן מְמַלְּאִים יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וּמָה הַשָּׁדַיִם הַלָּלוּ כָּל מַה שֶּׁהָאִשָּׁה אוֹכֶלֶת הַתִּינוֹק אוֹכֵל וְיוֹנֵק מֵהֶן, כָּךְ כָּל תּוֹרָה שֶׁלָּמַד משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ, לִמְּדָהּ לְאַהֲרֹן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמות ד, כח): וַיַּגֵּד משֶׁה לְאַהֲרֹן אֵת כָּל דִּבְרֵי ה'. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי גִלָּה לוֹ שֵׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ. מָה הַשָּׁדַיִם הַלָּלוּ אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם גָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, כָּךְ הָיוּ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמות ו, כז): הוּא משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן, וּכְתִיב (שמות ו, כו): הוּא אַהֲרֹן וּמשֶׁה, לֹא משֶׁה גָּדוֹל מֵאַהֲרֹן וְלֹא אַהֲרֹן גָּדוֹל מִמּשֶׁה בַּתּוֹרָה. רַבִּי אַבָּא אָמַר לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי מַרְגָּלִיּוֹת טוֹבוֹת וּנְתָנָן בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, לֹא זוֹ גְּדוֹלָה מִזּוֹ וְלֹא זוֹ גְּדוֹלָה מִזּוֹ, כָּךְ הֵם משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן שָׁוִים. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פַּפָּא בָּרוּךְ הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁבָּחַר בִּשְׁנֵי אַחִים הָאֵלֶּה, שֶׁלֹא נִבְרְאוּ אֶלָּא לַתּוֹרָה וְלִכְבוֹדָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי שְׁתֵּי מִשְׁפָּחוֹת שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים הָיוּ בַּאֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִיאָה אַחַת מְקָרֵית וְאַחַת מַרְתַּחַת, מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ הָרוֹפְאִים וְהֵבִיאוּ מֵהֶן וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָן תַּרְיָאַקָה וּבָהֶן הָיוּ מְרַפְּאִין. רָבָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בָּשָׂר וָדָם אֵין מַקְדִּים רְטִיָּה עַד שֶׁרוֹאֶה הַמַּכָּה, אֲבָל מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ כֵן אֶלָּא מַקְדִּים הָרְטִיָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הוּא מַכֶּה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ירמיה לג, ו): הִנְנִי מַעֲלֶה לָּהּ אֲרֻכָה וּמַרְפֵּא וּרְפָאתִים וגו', וּכְתִיב (הושע ז, א): כְּרָפְאִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בָּאתִי לְרַפֹּאת עֲווֹנוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִגְלָה עֲוֹן אֶפְרַיִם וְרָעוֹת שֹׁמְרוֹן, אֲבָל אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מַכֶּה אוֹתָן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְרַפְּאָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה יט, כב): וְנָגַף ה' אֶת מִצְרַיִם נָגֹף וְרָפוֹא, נָגֹף עַל יְדֵי אַהֲרֹן, וְרָפוֹא עַל יְדֵי משֶׁה. אַשְׁרֵיהֶם שְׁנֵי אַחִים הַלָּלוּ שֶׁלֹא נִבְרְאוּ אֶלָּא לִכְבוֹד יִשְׂרָאֵל, וַהֲדָא הוּא דְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל הַנָּבִיא (שמואל א יב, ו): ה' אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אֶת משֶׁה וְאֶת אַהֲרֹן, הֱוֵי שְׁנֵי שָׁדַיִךְ, אֵלּוּ משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן.
“Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle, that graze among the lilies” (Song of Songs 4:5).
“Your two breasts” – these are Moses and Aaron. Just as the breasts are the splendor and the glory of a woman, so too, Moses and Aaron are the splendor and the glory of Israel. Just as the breasts are the beauty of the woman, so too, Moses and Aaron are the beauty of Israel. Just as the breasts are the honor and praise of a woman, so too, Moses and Aaron are the honor and the praise of Israel. Just as the breasts are filled with milk, so too, Moses and Aaron fill Israel with Torah. Just as the breasts, everything that the woman eats, the baby eats and suckles from them, so too, all the Torah that Moses our master studied, he taught to Aaron; that is what is written: “Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord” (Exodus 4:28). The Rabbis say: He revealed to him the ineffable name. Just as the breasts, one of them is not larger than the other, so it was with Moses and Aaron. That is what is written: “That Moses and Aaron” (Exodus 6:27), and it is written: “That Aaron and Moses” (Exodus 6:26). Moses was not greater than Aaron, and Aaron was not greater than Moses in Torah.
Rabbi Abba said: [This is analogous] to a king who had two fine pearls, and he placed them on the pans of a balance scale; this one was not greater than that one and that one was not greater than this one. So too, Moses and Aaron were equal. Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa said: Blessed is the Omnipresent who selected these two brothers, who were created only for the Torah and for the glory of Israel. Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin said in the name of Rabbi Levi: There were two families of priests in Alexandria; the body temperature of one was cold and [that] of the other one’s was hot. There was an incident where doctors sent for some of them and they prepared a suspension from them with which they would heal.79They took tissue from bodies in each family, and the combination was just right and could be used as a healing ointment. So too, Moses and Aaron complemented each other in leading Israel.
Rava in the name of Rabbi Shimon: Flesh and blood does not prepare a dressing until he sees the wound; however, He who spoke and the world came into being is not so, but rather He prepares the dressing and then strikes. That is what is written: “Behold I am bringing it a remedy and a cure, and I will heal them…” (Jeremiah 33:6),80He prepared the cure for Jerusalem before He struck it. and it is written: “When I will heal Israel” (Hosea 7:1). The Holy One blessed be He said: I came to heal the iniquities of Israel, “and the iniquity of Ephraim and the evils of Samaria will be revealed” (Hosea 7:1).81Only after preparing the cure will they be taken to task for their wickedness. However, the nations of the world, He strikes them and only then heals them, as it is stated: “The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and healing” (Isaiah 19:22). Striking by means of Aaron and healing by means of Moses. Blessed are these two brothers who were created only for the glory of Israel. That is what the prophet Samuel said: “The Lord who produced Moses and Aaron” (I Samuel 12:6). That is “your two breasts” – these are Moses and Aaron.
“Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle, that graze among the lilies” (Song of Songs 4:5).
“Your two breasts” – these are Moses and Aaron. Just as the breasts are the splendor and the glory of a woman, so too, Moses and Aaron are the splendor and the glory of Israel. Just as the breasts are the beauty of the woman, so too, Moses and Aaron are the beauty of Israel. Just as the breasts are the honor and praise of a woman, so too, Moses and Aaron are the honor and the praise of Israel. Just as the breasts are filled with milk, so too, Moses and Aaron fill Israel with Torah. Just as the breasts, everything that the woman eats, the baby eats and suckles from them, so too, all the Torah that Moses our master studied, he taught to Aaron; that is what is written: “Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord” (Exodus 4:28). The Rabbis say: He revealed to him the ineffable name. Just as the breasts, one of them is not larger than the other, so it was with Moses and Aaron. That is what is written: “That Moses and Aaron” (Exodus 6:27), and it is written: “That Aaron and Moses” (Exodus 6:26). Moses was not greater than Aaron, and Aaron was not greater than Moses in Torah.
Rabbi Abba said: [This is analogous] to a king who had two fine pearls, and he placed them on the pans of a balance scale; this one was not greater than that one and that one was not greater than this one. So too, Moses and Aaron were equal. Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa said: Blessed is the Omnipresent who selected these two brothers, who were created only for the Torah and for the glory of Israel. Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin said in the name of Rabbi Levi: There were two families of priests in Alexandria; the body temperature of one was cold and [that] of the other one’s was hot. There was an incident where doctors sent for some of them and they prepared a suspension from them with which they would heal.79They took tissue from bodies in each family, and the combination was just right and could be used as a healing ointment. So too, Moses and Aaron complemented each other in leading Israel.
Rava in the name of Rabbi Shimon: Flesh and blood does not prepare a dressing until he sees the wound; however, He who spoke and the world came into being is not so, but rather He prepares the dressing and then strikes. That is what is written: “Behold I am bringing it a remedy and a cure, and I will heal them…” (Jeremiah 33:6),80He prepared the cure for Jerusalem before He struck it. and it is written: “When I will heal Israel” (Hosea 7:1). The Holy One blessed be He said: I came to heal the iniquities of Israel, “and the iniquity of Ephraim and the evils of Samaria will be revealed” (Hosea 7:1).81Only after preparing the cure will they be taken to task for their wickedness. However, the nations of the world, He strikes them and only then heals them, as it is stated: “The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and healing” (Isaiah 19:22). Striking by means of Aaron and healing by means of Moses. Blessed are these two brothers who were created only for the glory of Israel. That is what the prophet Samuel said: “The Lord who produced Moses and Aaron” (I Samuel 12:6). That is “your two breasts” – these are Moses and Aaron.
תְּאוֹמֵי צְבִיָּה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי מַה תְּאוֹמִים הַלָּלוּ כֵּיוָן שֶׁפּוֹרֵשׁ אֶחָד מֵהֶן מִדַּדֵּיהֶן דַּדָּן נִסְתַּם, כָּךְ כְּתִיב (זכריה יא, ח): וָאַכְחִד אֶת שְׁלשֶׁת הָרֹעִים בְּיֶרַח אֶחָד, וַהֲלֹא לֹא מֵתוּ אֶלָּא בְּשָׁנָה אַחַת, אֶלָּא בְּיֶרַח אֶחָד נִגְזְרָה עֲלֵיהֶם גְּזֵרָה עַל שְׁלָשְׁתָּן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים מז, י): נְדִיבֵי עַמִּים נֶאֱסָפוּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר שְׁלשָׁה פַּרְנָסִין טוֹבִים עָמְדוּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם, וּבִזְכוּתָן נִתְּנוּ לָהֶם שָׁלשׁ מַתָּנוֹת טוֹבוֹת: הַבְּאֵר, הַמָּן וְעַנְנֵי כָבוֹד. הַמָּן, בִּזְכוּת משֶׁה. הַבְּאֵר, בִּזְכוּת מִרְיָם. בִּזְכוּת אַהֲרֹן עַנְנֵי הַכָּבוֹד. מֵתָה מִרְיָם, וּפָסְקָה הַבְּאֵר, וְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִין (במדבר כ, ה): לֹא מְקוֹם זֶרַע וּתְאֵנָה, וְחָזְרָה בִּזְכוּת משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן. מֵת אַהֲרֹן נִסְתַּלְּקוּ עַנְנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (במדבר כ, כט): וַיִּרְאוּ כָּל הָעֵדָה כִּי גָוַע אַהֲרֹן, אַל תִּקְרֵי וַיִּרְאוּ אֶלָּא וַיִּירְאוּ, וְחָזְרוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בִּזְכוּת משֶׁה. מֵת משֶׁה נִסְתַּלְּקוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן וְשׁוּב לֹא חָזְרוּ. וְהַצִּרְעָה לֹא עָבְרָה עִמָּם אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְלֹא רָאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל קוֹרַת רוּחַ מִן אוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. הָרֹעִים בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים, אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי, מִרְיָם וְיוֹכֶבֶד הֵן הֵן חָיוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְהָיוּ רוֹעוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁלִּבָּם רַךְ כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים, וְהֵיכָן הָיְתָה מַרְעִיתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמִצְרַיִם עַד יַם סוּף.
“Twins of a gazelle” – Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin in the name of Rabbi Levi: Just as these twins, when one of them withdraws from the breast, the breast is blocked, so it is written: “I will eliminate the three shepherds in a single month” (Zechariah 11:8).82This is a reference to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. But is it not so that they died only within the same year?83They died in one year, but not in the same month. Rather, in a single month, the decree was issued regarding the three of them. That is what is written: “The great ones of the people were gathered” (Psalms 47:10).
Rabbi Yosei says: Three great providers arose for Israel, and these are: Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. Through their merit, three great gifts were given to them: The well, the manna, and the clouds of glory. The manna, through the merit of Moses; the well through the merit of Miriam; and through the merit of Aaron, the clouds of glory. Miriam died and the well ceased, and they said: “Not a place of seed, fig [and pomegranate, and there is no water to drink]” (Numbers 20:5). But it was restored due to the merit of Moses and Aaron. Aaron died, and the clouds of glory disappeared. That is what is written: “The entire congregation saw [vayiru] that Aaron had perished” (Numbers 20:29). Do not read it as “they saw [vayiru],” but rather as “they feared” [vayire’u].”84They were afraid because the protection of the clouds of glory had disappeared. They were restored through the merit of Moses. Moses died and all three of them disappeared and they were not restored. The hornet did not cross the Jordan with them85God promised to send hornets to assist in expelling the Canaanite nations (see Exodus 23:28). However, in the absence of Moses they did not cross the Jordan and assisted with Israel’s battles only east of the Jordan. and Israel did not experience peace of mind from that time forward.
“That graze [haro’im] among the lilies” – Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: Miriam and Yokheved were the midwives of Israel, and they would provide for [ro’ot] Israel as their hearts were as soft as lilies. Where was the pasture of Israel? It was in Egypt until the Red Sea.86It was there that Miriam and Yokheved tended to the needs of the birthing mothers and their offspring.
“Twins of a gazelle” – Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin in the name of Rabbi Levi: Just as these twins, when one of them withdraws from the breast, the breast is blocked, so it is written: “I will eliminate the three shepherds in a single month” (Zechariah 11:8).82This is a reference to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. But is it not so that they died only within the same year?83They died in one year, but not in the same month. Rather, in a single month, the decree was issued regarding the three of them. That is what is written: “The great ones of the people were gathered” (Psalms 47:10).
Rabbi Yosei says: Three great providers arose for Israel, and these are: Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. Through their merit, three great gifts were given to them: The well, the manna, and the clouds of glory. The manna, through the merit of Moses; the well through the merit of Miriam; and through the merit of Aaron, the clouds of glory. Miriam died and the well ceased, and they said: “Not a place of seed, fig [and pomegranate, and there is no water to drink]” (Numbers 20:5). But it was restored due to the merit of Moses and Aaron. Aaron died, and the clouds of glory disappeared. That is what is written: “The entire congregation saw [vayiru] that Aaron had perished” (Numbers 20:29). Do not read it as “they saw [vayiru],” but rather as “they feared” [vayire’u].”84They were afraid because the protection of the clouds of glory had disappeared. They were restored through the merit of Moses. Moses died and all three of them disappeared and they were not restored. The hornet did not cross the Jordan with them85God promised to send hornets to assist in expelling the Canaanite nations (see Exodus 23:28). However, in the absence of Moses they did not cross the Jordan and assisted with Israel’s battles only east of the Jordan. and Israel did not experience peace of mind from that time forward.
“That graze [haro’im] among the lilies” – Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: Miriam and Yokheved were the midwives of Israel, and they would provide for [ro’ot] Israel as their hearts were as soft as lilies. Where was the pasture of Israel? It was in Egypt until the Red Sea.86It was there that Miriam and Yokheved tended to the needs of the birthing mothers and their offspring.