Tanach
Shmuel I 1 שמואל א א׳
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וַיְהִי אִישׁ אֶחָד מִן־הָרָמָתַיִם צוֹפִים מֵהַר אֶפְרָיִם וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה בֶּן־יְרֹחָם בֶּן־אֱלִיהוּא בֶּן־תֹּחוּ בֶן־צוּף אֶפְרָתִֽי׃
There was a man from Ramasayim Tsofim in Mount Ephrayim; and his name was Elkonoh the son of Yerocham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tochu, the son of Tsuf, from the land of Ephrayim.
There was a man from Ramasayim Tsofim in Mount Ephrayim; and his name was Elkonoh the son of Yerocham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tochu, the son of Tsuf, from the land of Ephrayim.
Rashi
מן הרמתים צופים. שתי רמות היו, שצופות ורואות זו את זו ויונתן תרגם: צופים, מתלמידי נביאיא:
From Ramasayim Tsofim. There were two hills each visible to the other.3Elkonoh lived in Romoh, see below verse 19; and he prophesied in Tsofim—Da’as Sofrim.4Maseches Megillah 14a. Targum Yonoson renders צוֹפִים: "of the disciples of prophets."
אלקנה. לוי היה, מבני אביאסף בן קרח, כן נתייחס בדברי הימים (א ה ח):
Elkonoh. He was a Levite of the sons of Aviosof, the son of Korach —his ancestry is thus recorded in Divrei Hayomim.5I Divrei Hayomim 6:19-23.
אפרתי. יונתן תרגם: בטורא דבית אפרים (בהר אפרים). ומדרש אגדה (ילקוט שמעוני שמואל א רמז עז): אפרתי. בן פלטין אבגינוס, אדם חשוב, כמו (בבא מציעא קיט א): אפריון נמטייה לרבי שמעון, לשון חן:
From the land of Ephrayim. [Targum] Yonoson renders "on the mountain of the house of Ephrayim." The Midrash Aggadah [renders] אֶפְרָתִי —a palace dweller, an important person,6Rashi emphasizes that אֶפְרָתִי does not mean that he was from the tribe of Ephrayim because it has already been established that he was from the tribe of Leivi. as in "let us extend אַפִּרְיוֹן to Rabbi Shimon,"7Maseches Bava Metzia 119a. [meaning] an expression of favor.
וְלוֹ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֵׁם אַחַת חַנָּה וְשֵׁם הַשֵּׁנִית פְּנִנָּה וַיְהִי לִפְנִנָּה יְלָדִים וּלְחַנָּה אֵין יְלָדִֽים׃
He had two wives; the name of one was Chana and the name of the second was Penina. Penina had children, but Chana was childless.
He had two wives; the name of one was Chana and the name of the second was Penina. Penina had children, but Chana was childless.
וְעָלָה הָאִישׁ הַהוּא מֵֽעִירוֹ מִיָּמִים ׀ יָמִימָה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺת וְלִזְבֹּחַ לַיהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת בְּשִׁלֹה וְשָׁם שְׁנֵי בְנֵֽי־עֵלִי חׇפְנִי וּפִנְחָס כֹּהֲנִים לַיהֹוָֽה׃
This man would go up from his city from time to time to prostrate himself and to bring offerings to Adonoy of Hosts in Shiloh. There the two sons of Eili, Chofni and Pinchas, were kohanim to Adonoy.
This man would go up from his city from time to time to prostrate himself and to bring offerings to Adonoy of Hosts in Shiloh. There the two sons of Eili, Chofni and Pinchas, were kohanim to Adonoy.
Rashi
ועלה האיש. לשון הוה הוא, היה עולה מזמן מועד למועד לשילה ומדרש אגדה (ילקוט שמעוני שם): בדרך שהיה עולה בשנה זו, לא היה עולה בשנה אחרת, כדי להשמיע ישראל ויעשו כמותו:
This man would go up. This is the present tense, i.e., he would go up from one appointed season to another, to Shilo.8He would go to Shiloh on the three pilgrimage festivals of Pesach, Shavuos and Sukkos. The Midrash Aggadah [renders] that the route he followed this year he did not take the next year in order to publicize [his pilgrimage] to the Bnei Yisroel that they should do likewise.9See Talmud Yerushalmi, Berachos 9:5.
וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם וַיִּזְבַּח אֶלְקָנָה וְנָתַן לִפְנִנָּה אִשְׁתּוֹ וּֽלְכׇל־בָּנֶיהָ וּבְנוֹתֶיהָ מָנֽוֹת׃
It happened on the day (of the festival) that Elkonoh brought offerings, he would give to Penina, his wife, and to all her sons and daughters portions.
It happened on the day (of the festival) that Elkonoh brought offerings, he would give to Penina, his wife, and to all her sons and daughters portions.
Rashi
ויהי היום. תרגום: והוה יום מועדא:
It happened on the day. It happened on the festive day.
וּלְחַנָּה יִתֵּן מָנָה אַחַת אַפָּיִם כִּי אֶת־חַנָּה אָהֵב וַיהֹוָה סָגַר רַחְמָֽהּ׃
But to Chana he would give one choice portion, for he loved Chana, and Adonoy had closed her womb.
But to Chana he would give one choice portion, for he loved Chana, and Adonoy had closed her womb.
Rashi
מנה אחת אפים. (תרגום:) חולק חד בחיר, הראוי להתקבל בסבר פנים יפות:
One choice portion. One choice portion which is fit to be accepted with a friendly countenance.10אַפָּיִם referring to the face rather than to the portion. Ralbag renders “a double sized portion.”
וְכִעֲסַתָּה צָרָתָהּ גַּם־כַּעַס בַּעֲבוּר הַרְּעִמָהּ כִּֽי־סָגַר יְהֹוָה בְּעַד רַחְמָֽהּ׃
Her rival would frequently anger her in order that she should complain, because Adonoy had closed her womb.
Her rival would frequently anger her in order that she should complain, because Adonoy had closed her womb.
Rashi
צרתה. אשת בעלה, פנינה:
Her rival. Her husband's other wife, Penina.
גם כעס. כעס אחר כעס, תמיד, לכך נאמר 'גם כעס', היתה אומרת לה: כלום קנית היום מעפורת לבנך גדול, או חלוק לבנך קטן:
Frequently anger. Anger after anger, i.e., always.' Therefore it is written 'also [גֵם] anger.' She would say to her, "Did you buy your older son a cloak today, or your younger son, a shirt?"
בעבור הרעימה. שתתאונן, ורבותינו אמרו (בבא בתרא טז א): בעבור הרעימה, שתתפלל, ולשם שמים נתכוונה:
In order that she should complain. In order to make her complain. Our Rabbis explain, 'in order to make her storm,' that she pray. Penina had good intentions.11 Maseches Bava Basra 16a.
בעד רחמה. כנגד רחמה, וכן כל לשון 'בעד':
Her womb. Lit., opposite her womb, and so is every expression of the word .12See Rashi, Bereishis 7:16.בְּעַד
וְכֵן יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה מִדֵּי עֲלֹתָהּ בְּבֵית יְהֹוָה כֵּן תַּכְעִסֶנָּה וַתִּבְכֶּה וְלֹא תֹאכַֽל׃
He would do this, year after year. Whenever she went up to the house of Adonoy, she would anger her; and she wept and would not eat.
He would do this, year after year. Whenever she went up to the house of Adonoy, she would anger her; and she wept and would not eat.
Rashi
וכן יעשה. אלקנה:
He would do this. Elkonoh.
שנה בשנה. נותן לה חלק מובחר, להראותה שמחבבה וצרתה, לפי חבה שבעלה מראה לה, כן תרבה גם היא להכעיסה:
Year after year. He would give her a choice portion to demonstrate to her that he loved her; and her rival, according to the affection which her husband demonstrated to her, would anger her more and more.
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהּ אֶלְקָנָה אִישָׁהּ חַנָּה לָמֶה תִבְכִּי וְלָמֶה לֹא תֹֽאכְלִי וְלָמֶה יֵרַע לְבָבֵךְ הֲלוֹא אָֽנֹכִי טוֹב לָךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָה בָּנִֽים׃
Elkonoh, her husband, said to her, "Chana, why do you weep and why do you not eat? And why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons?"
Elkonoh, her husband, said to her, "Chana, why do you weep and why do you not eat? And why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons?"
Rashi
אנכי טוב לך. מחבבך:
Am I not better to you. Don't I love you more dearly.
מעשרה בנים. שילדה לי פנינה:
Than ten sons. That Penina has borne to me.13Others interpret that Elkonoh did not mean literally ten sons and with reference to Penina, but rather he was expressing his love to Chana and happened to pick that number , as we find the same number in Vayikra 26:26.—Radak
וַתָּקׇם חַנָּה אַחֲרֵי אׇכְלָהֿ בְשִׁלֹה וְאַחֲרֵי שָׁתֹה וְעֵלִי הַכֹּהֵן יֹשֵׁב עַל־הַכִּסֵּא עַל־מְזוּזַת הֵיכַל יְהֹוָֽה׃
Chana arose after eating in Shiloh and after drinking; and Eili the kohein was sitting on the chair near the doorpost of the Temple of Adonoy.
Chana arose after eating in Shiloh and after drinking; and Eili the kohein was sitting on the chair near the doorpost of the Temple of Adonoy.
Rashi
אכלה בשילה. לא מפיק ה"א, והאל"ף חטף קמ"ץ, והוא כמו: אחרי אכול בשילה ואחרי שתה. והלשון נופל בין לזכר בין לנקבה, אחרי אכלה, לשון פעול, כמו לאכלה, לשון לפעול:
Eating in Shilo. The 'ה' is not dotted and the 'א' is voweled with a short kametz and its [meaning is] 'after eating in Shilo and after drinking,'14Eili therefore suspected that she was drunk because prayer usually takes place before eating or drinking—Da’as Sofrim. and this expression is properly used both for masculine and feminine. After אָכְלָה is a gerund. It is constructed like ,15Vayikra 25:6.לְאָכְלָה an expression equivalent to an infinitive [i.e., לֶאֶכוֹל].
ועלי הכהן ישב על הכסא. אותו היום ישב על כסא גדול, שנתמנה שופט (ובילקוט שמעוני: כהן גדול) על ישראל:
And Eili the kohen was sitting on the chair. On that day he was seated on a large chair,16The defective spelling of ישֵׁב [instead of יוֹשֵׁב] indicates that he just recently sat down because he was a newly appointed judge. See Rashi Bereishis 19:1. for he was appointed Judge over Yisroel.
על מזוזת. כמו: אצל מזוזת:
Near the doorpost. [Lit. on the doorpost] meaning near the doorpost.
וְהִיא מָרַת נָפֶשׁ וַתִּתְפַּלֵּל עַל־יְהֹוָה וּבָכֹה תִבְכֶּֽה׃
She was bitter in spirit, and she prayed to Adonoy and wept bitterly.
She was bitter in spirit, and she prayed to Adonoy and wept bitterly.
וַתִּדֹּר נֶדֶר וַתֹּאמַר יְהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת אִם־רָאֹה תִרְאֶה ׀ בׇּעֳנִי אֲמָתֶךָ וּזְכַרְתַּנִי וְלֹא־תִשְׁכַּח אֶת־אֲמָתֶךָ וְנָתַתָּה לַאֲמָתְךָ זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים וּנְתַתִּיו לַֽיהֹוָה כׇּל־יְמֵי חַיָּיו וּמוֹרָה לֹא־יַעֲלֶה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃
She made a vow and said, "Adonoy of Hosts, if you look at the suffering of Your maidservant, and You remember me, and do not forget Your maidservant, and give Your maidservant male offspring, then I will give him to Adonoy all the days of his life, and a razor shall never come on his head."
She made a vow and said, "Adonoy of Hosts, if you look at the suffering of Your maidservant, and You remember me, and do not forget Your maidservant, and give Your maidservant male offspring, then I will give him to Adonoy all the days of his life, and a razor shall never come on his head."
Rashi
ה' צבאות. למה נתייחד שם זה כאן, אמרה לפניו: רבונו של עולם, שני צבאות בראת בעולמך, העליונים, לא פרים ולא רבים ולא מתים, והתחתונים, פרים ורבים ומתים, אם אני מן התחתונים, אהיה פרה ורבה ומתה, ואם אני מן העליונים, לא אמות זו מצאתי באגדה של רבי יוסי הגלילי (פסיקתא רבתי). ורבותינו דרשו במסכת ברכות (לא ב) מה שדרשו: עד הנה לא היה אדם שקראו להקב"ה 'צבאות', אלא כך אמרה לפניו: רבונו של עולם, מכל צבאות שבראת בעולמך קשה בעיניך ליתן לי בן אחד:
Adonoy of Hosts. Why was this Name designated here? She [Chana] said before Him, "Lord of the universe, You created two hosts in Your world. The heavenly beings neither multiply nor do they die; the earthly beings both multiply and die. If I am of the earthly beings, let me multiply and die, and if I am of the heavenly beings, let me not die." I found [this explanation] in the Aggadah of R. Eliezer the son of R. Yose Haglili. Our Rabbis in Maseches Berachos,17 expounded what they expounded: —Until then, there was no one person who called the Holy One, Blessed is He, [Master of] Hosts. She said thus before Him; "Lord of the universe, of all the hosts which You created in Your world, is it difficult for you to grant me one son?"
אם ראה תראה. רבותינו דרשו בו במסכת ברכות (שם) מה שדרשו:
If You look at. In Maseches Berachos,18Ibid. our Sages expounded what they expounded.
אמתך. האמור ג' פעמים במקרא, כנגד שלשה דברים שהאשה מצווה עליהם:
Your maidservant. [The word 'maidservant'] is stated three times in this verse, corresponding to the three mitzvos which a woman is commanded to observe.19They are the laws of: 1. Menstruation .2 נִדָּה Separation of the dough .3 חַלָּה Kindling of the Shabbos lights [הַדְלָקַת הַנֵּר].
זרע אנשים. צדיקים, כמה דאת אמר (מלכים-א ב לב): בשני אנשים צדיקים:
Male offspring. I.e., righteous men, as it is written, "Two men [אֲנָשִׁים] who were righteous."20I Melachim 2:32.
אנשים. חשובים, כמה דאת אמר (דברים א יג): אנשים חכמים וידעים:
Males. I.e., important men,21 See Maseches Berachos 31b. as it is written, "wise… and known men ]אֲנָשִׁים[.22Devarim 1:13.
ונתתיו לה'. שיהא ראוי לתתו לה':
Then I will give him to Adonoy. I.e., that he be fit to be given to Adonoy.
ומורה. תרגם יונתן: ומרות אנש לא תהא עלוהי:
And a razor.23See Maseches Nazir 66a where the very same difference of opinion is discussed. R. Nehorai renders מוֹרָה meaning a razor as Scripture states regarding Shimshon, in Shoftim 13:5, “the razor [מוֹרָה] must not be wielded on his head.” And R. Yose holds that [מוֹרָה] is a connotation referring to the fear of man. Targum Yonoson renders, "and the fear [וּמַרְוַת] of man will not be upon him."
וְהָיָה כִּי הִרְבְּתָה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וְעֵלִי שֹׁמֵר אֶת־פִּֽיהָ׃
As she continued to pray before Adonoy Eili watched her mouth.
As she continued to pray before Adonoy Eili watched her mouth.
Rashi
שומר את פיה. מצפה מתי תפסיק, כך תרגמו יונתן: ועלי אוריך לה עד דתפסוק:
Watched her mouth. He waited for her to stop, as Targum Yonoson renders, 'and Eili waited until she stopped.'
שומר. לשון המתנה, כמו (בראשית לז יא): שמר את הדבר, (איוב יד טז): לא תשמור על חטאתי:
Watched. An expression of waiting, as in, "[and his father] kept the matter in mind ]שָׁמַר["24Bereishis 37:11. i.e., waited, [and similarly] "do not wait [תִשְׁמוֹר] for my sin."25Iyov 14:16.
וְחַנָּה הִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת עַל־לִבָּהּ רַק שְׂפָתֶיהָ נָּעוֹת וְקוֹלָהּ לֹא יִשָּׁמֵעַ וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ עֵלִי לְשִׁכֹּרָֽה׃
Chana was praying in her heart, only her lips were moving and her voice was not heard, so Eili thought she was drunk.
Chana was praying in her heart, only her lips were moving and her voice was not heard, so Eili thought she was drunk.
Rashi
ויחשבה עלי לשכורה. שלא היו רגילין להתפלל בלחש:
Eili thought she was drunk. Because they were not accustomed to praying silently.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ עֵלִי עַד־מָתַי תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין הָסִירִי אֶת־יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלָֽיִךְ׃
Eili said to her, "How long will you be drunk? Remove your wine from yourself."
Eili said to her, "How long will you be drunk? Remove your wine from yourself."
וַתַּעַן חַנָּה וַתֹּאמֶר לֹא אֲדֹנִי אִשָּׁה קְשַׁת־רוּחַ אָנֹכִי וְיַיִן וְשֵׁכָר לֹא שָׁתִיתִי וָאֶשְׁפֹּךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
Chana answered and said, "No, my lord, I am a woman of a troubled spirit. I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink; but I have poured out my soul before Adonoy.
Chana answered and said, "No, my lord, I am a woman of a troubled spirit. I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink; but I have poured out my soul before Adonoy.
Rashi
לא אדוני. לא אדון אתה בדבר הזה, גלית בעצמך שאין רוח הקודש שורה עליך שתדע שאיני שכורת יין:
No, my lord. You are not master in this matter. You have revealed that the Holy Spirit is not resting upon you, otherwise you would have known that I am not intoxicated from wine.26Maseches Berachos 31b.
אַל־תִּתֵּן אֶת־אֲמָתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַּת־בְּלִיָּעַל כִּֽי־מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי וְכַעְסִי דִּבַּרְתִּי עַד־הֵֽנָּה׃
Do not deliver your maidservant to a wicked woman, for it is out of much grievance and anger that I have prayed until now."
Do not deliver your maidservant to a wicked woman, for it is out of much grievance and anger that I have prayed until now."
Rashi
אל תתן את אמתך. כלפי שאמרה לו דבר קשה, חזרה ופייסתו, שלא יתננה הפקר ובזיון לפני צרתה בת בליעל:
Do not deliver your maidservant. Because she had spoken harshly to him, she tried to appease him, so that he deliver her not, unprotected and disgraced, to her rival, the wicked woman.
כי מרוב שיחי. דברתי לפניך קושי:
For it is out of much grievance. That I have spoken harshly to you.
שיחי. יש מקומות שהוא לשון אנינות לב דבר אחר: מרוב שיחי ; כתרגומו: ארי מסגי אקניותי וארגיזותי אורכית בצלו עד כען:
Grievance. In some instances, it [שִֹיחִי] is an expression of heartache. Another explanation of מֵרֹב שִֹיחִי, according to Targum, "because of much provocation and anger, I have prolonged my prayer until now."
וכעסי. שצרתי מכעסת אותי:
And anger. My rival angers me.
אל תתן. לשון מסירה, כמו (תהלים כז יב): אל תתנני בנפש צרי:
Do not deliver. An expression of giving over, as in, "'Do not deliver me to the will of my tormentors."27Tehillim 27:12.
וַיַּעַן עֵלִי וַיֹּאמֶר לְכִי לְשָׁלוֹם וֵאלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יִתֵּן אֶת־שֵׁלָתֵךְ אֲשֶׁר שָׁאַלְתְּ מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃
Eili then answered and said, "Go in peace. The God of Yisroel will grant your request that you have asked of Him."
Eili then answered and said, "Go in peace. The God of Yisroel will grant your request that you have asked of Him."
Rashi
את שלתך. חסר א', לדרוש בו לשון בנים, כמו (דברים כח כז): ובשליתה היוצאת וגו':
Your request. The א is missing, to infer [שֵׁלָתֵךְ] an expression of children,28Others render שֵׁלָתֵך as being derived from שָׁלָל [=plunder], meaning that her soon to be born son will “take of the goods [שָׁלָל of the Torah,” i.e., he will gain much knowledge and understanding of the Torah.—Radak as in, "and her young [וּבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ] who emerges from…."29Devarim 28:57.
יתן את שלתך. בשרה שנתקבלה תפלתה:
Will grant the request. He foretold to her that her prayer had been accepted.
וַתֹּאמֶר תִּמְצָא שִׁפְחָתְךָ חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ וַתֵּלֶךְ הָאִשָּׁה לְדַרְכָּהּ וַתֹּאכַל וּפָנֶיהָ לֹא־הָֽיוּ־לָהּ עֽוֹד׃
She said, "May your maidservant find favor in your eyes." And the woman went on her way; and she ate, and no longer had the [sad] look on her face.
She said, "May your maidservant find favor in your eyes." And the woman went on her way; and she ate, and no longer had the [sad] look on her face.
Rashi
תמצא שפחתך חן. לבקש עליה רחמים:
May your maidservant find favor. To beg for compassion on her behalf.
ופניה לא היו לה. פנים של זעם:
And no longer had the [sad] look on her face. Meaning the face of anger.
וַיַּשְׁכִּמוּ בַבֹּקֶר וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיָּשֻׁבוּ וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־בֵּיתָם הָרָמָתָה וַיֵּדַע אֶלְקָנָה אֶת־חַנָּה אִשְׁתּוֹ וַֽיִּזְכְּרֶהָ יְהֹוָֽה׃
They rose early in the morning and prostrated themselves before Adonoy; then they returned and came to their home, to Romoh. Elkonoh knew Chana his wife, and Adonoy remembered her.
They rose early in the morning and prostrated themselves before Adonoy; then they returned and came to their home, to Romoh. Elkonoh knew Chana his wife, and Adonoy remembered her.
Rashi
ויבואו אל ביתם וידע אלקנה. מכאן לאכסנאי, שאסור בתשמיש המטה:
And came to their home… and Elkonoh knew. From here [we learn] that a traveler is forbidden to have marital relations.30Maseches Kesubos 65a.
וַֽיְהִי לִתְקֻפוֹת הַיָּמִים וַתַּהַר חַנָּה וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן וַתִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שְׁמוּאֵל כִּי מֵיְהֹוָה שְׁאִלְתִּֽיו׃
And as the seasons and days passed Chana conceived, and she gave birth to a son. She named him Shmuel [saying], "For I requested him from Adonoy."
And as the seasons and days passed Chana conceived, and she gave birth to a son. She named him Shmuel [saying], "For I requested him from Adonoy."
Rashi
לתקפות הימים. מיעוט תקופות שתים, מיעוט ימים שנים, לששה חדשים ושני ימים, מכאן היולדת לשבעה, יולדת למקוטעים:
And as the seasons and days passed. The minimum of seasons [תְּקוּפוֹת] is two, and the minimum of days [יָמִים] is two. Hence, [she gave birth] after six months [=two seasons] and two days.31Maseches Rosh Hashanah 11a. From here [we learn] that a woman who gives birth in her seventh month of pregnancy, can give birth after entering part of the seventh month.
שמואל. על שם אל ועל שם המעשה הוא נקרא, כי ממנו שאלתיו:
Shmuel. After the Name of God [א־ל], and in reference to the incident he was so called, for I requested [שָׁאַל] him of הַשֵׁם[=מא־ל].
וַיַּעַל הָאִישׁ אֶלְקָנָה וְכׇל־בֵּיתוֹ לִזְבֹּחַ לַיהֹוָה אֶת־זֶבַח הַיָּמִים וְאֶת־נִדְרֽוֹ׃
The man Elkonoh went up with his entire household to bring to Adonoy the festival offering and his vow.
The man Elkonoh went up with his entire household to bring to Adonoy the festival offering and his vow.
Rashi
את זבח הימים. (תרגום:) ית דבח מועדיא:
The festival offering. [Targum renders] the sacrifices of the appointed seasons.
ואת נדרו. נדרים שנדר בין רגל לרגל, היה מקריב ברגל:
And his vow. The vows he made between festivals he would offer on the next festival.32Ibid., 6a.
וְחַנָּה לֹא עָלָתָה כִּֽי־אָמְרָה לְאִישָׁהּ עַד יִגָּמֵל הַנַּעַר וַהֲבִאֹתִיו וְנִרְאָה אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהֹוָה וְיָשַׁב שָׁם עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃
But Chana did not go up for she said to her husband, "When the boy will be weaned, then I will bring him, and he shall appear before Adonoy and shall remain there forever."
But Chana did not go up for she said to her husband, "When the boy will be weaned, then I will bring him, and he shall appear before Adonoy and shall remain there forever."
Rashi
עד יגמל. לסוף כ"ב (ספרים אחרים: כ"ד) חדשים, שכך זמן תינוק לינק:
When [the boy] will be weaned. At the end of twenty-two (other versions, twenty-four) months, for that is the period for a child to nurse.
וישב שם עד עולם. עולמם של לוים חמשים שנה, שנאמר (במדבר ח כה): ומבן חמשים שנה ישוב מצבא העבודה, וכך היו ימיו של שמואל, חמשים ושתים, שהרי עלי שפט את ישראל ארבעים שנה, וביום תפלת חנה נתמנה שופט, צא אותה שנה לעיבורו של שמואל, נשתיירו ל"ט, ושמואל פירנס את ישראל משמת עלי י"ג שנה, שהרי יום שמת עלי, גלה הארון וישב בשדה פלשתים ז' חדשים (לקמן שמואל א ו א), משם בא לקרית יערים, עד שהעלהו דוד, משמלך שבע שנים בחברון על יהודה, והמליכוהו כל ישראל עליהם, וכתיב (שם ז ב): ויהי מיום שבת הארון בקרית יערים וירבו הימים ויהיו עשרים שנה, צא מהן שבע שנים שמלך דוד בחברון, נמצא משגלה הארון עד שמת שאול שלש עשרה שנה ושבעה חדשים, ושמואל מת לפני שאול ארבעה חדשים:
And shall remain there forever. Forever in the Levitic sense,33It can also refer to the fifty year period of Yoveil. i.e., fifty years as it is said, "from the age of fifty he shall retire from the work force."34Bamidbar 8:25. Figuring as follows, we determine that Shmuel's lifetime was fifty-two years: Eili judged Yisroel for forty years.35I Shmuel 4:18. On the day of Chana's prayer he was appointed judge.36Above verse 9. By subtracting the year in which Chana conceived Shmuel, there remain thirty-nine years. Shmuel governed Yisroel from the time of Eili's death for thirteen years, as follows: On the day of Eili's death, the Ark was captured, and it remained in the land of the Philistines for seven months.37Below 6:1. From there, it was brought to and remained in Kiryas Yearim until Dovid brought it up after he had reigned seven years in Chevron over Yehudah, and all of Yisroel had accepted him as their king. And it is written, "From the day the Ark came to rest in Kiryas Yearim, there ensued many days, and they became twenty years."38I Shmuel 7:2. Subtracting from them seven years which Dovid reigned in Chevron discloses that from the time the Ark was captured until Shaul's death, were thirteen years and seven months; and Shmuel died four months before Shaul.
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהּ אֶלְקָנָה אִישָׁהּ עֲשִׂי הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינַיִךְ שְׁבִי עַד־גׇּמְלֵךְ אֹתוֹ אַךְ יָקֵם יְהֹוָה אֶת־דְּבָרוֹ וַתֵּשֶׁב הָֽאִשָּׁה וַתֵּינֶק אֶת־בְּנָהּ עַד־גׇּמְלָהּ אֹתֽוֹ׃
Elkonoh, her husband, said to her, "Do what is proper in your eyes, remain until you wean him; but may Adonoy fulfill His word." So the woman remained and nursed her son until she weaned him.
Elkonoh, her husband, said to her, "Do what is proper in your eyes, remain until you wean him; but may Adonoy fulfill His word." So the woman remained and nursed her son until she weaned him.
Rashi
אך יקם ה' את דברו. את ששאלת ממנו זרע אנשים, ועלי בישרך ברוח הקודש אלהי ישראל יתן את שלתך, יקם ה' את דברו, וזהו לפי פשוטו ומדרש אגדה: רבי נחמיה בשם רבי שמואל בר רב יצחק אמר: בכל יום ויום בת קול יוצאת ומפוצצת בעולם ואומרת: עתיד צדיק אחד לעמוד ושמו שמואל, וכל אשה שהיתה יולדת בן, היתה קוראה שמו שמואל, כיון שהיו רואים את מעשיו, היו אומרים אין זה שמואל, וכיון שנולד זה וראו מעשיו, אמרו דומה שזה הוא, וזהו שאמר: יקם ה' את דברו, שיהא זה שמואל הצדיק:
But may Adonoy fulfill His word. Because you requested of Him male offspring,39Above, verse 11. and Eili foretold you through Divine inspiration, "the God of Yisroel will grant your request,"40Above, verse 17. may 'ה fulfill His word. This is the simple interpretation. In Midrash Aggadah, however, Rabbi Nechemyah said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel, the son of Rabbi Yitzchok: Every day a Divine voice would resound throughout the world and say, "A righteous man is destined to arise, by the name of Shmuel." Thereupon, every woman who bore a son, would name him Shmuel. Once they saw his deeds, they would say, "This is not [the] Shmuel." But when this one [Shmuel] was born and people saw his deeds, they said, "Apparently this one is the one [i.e., expected righteous man]." This is what he [Elkonoh] meant when he said, "May Adonoy fulfill His word," i.e., that this be the righteous Shmuel.
וַתַּעֲלֵהוּ עִמָּהּ כַּאֲשֶׁר גְּמָלַתּוּ בְּפָרִים שְׁלֹשָׁה וְאֵיפָה אַחַת קֶמַח וְנֵבֶל יַיִן וַתְּבִאֵהוּ בֵית־יְהֹוָה שִׁלוֹ וְהַנַּעַר נָֽעַר׃
She brought him up with her when she weaned him, with [an offering of] three bulls, one eiphah of flour, and a flask of wine; she brought him to the House of Adonoy in Shiloh, though the child was still a lad.
She brought him up with her when she weaned him, with [an offering of] three bulls, one eiphah of flour, and a flask of wine; she brought him to the House of Adonoy in Shiloh, though the child was still a lad.
Rashi
ואיפה אחת קמח. שמעתי בשם רבינו יצחק הלוי, איפה אחת קמח, שלש סאין, להוציא ממנה שלשה עשרונים סלת הראוי לפר האחד, כדתנן (מנחות עו ב) לחם הפנים כ"ד עשרונים מכ"ד סאין, עשרון סולת לסאה חטין:
One eiphah of flour. I heard in the name of Rabbi Yitzchok Halevi, that she brought one eiphah of flour, the equivalent of three seahs, from which to extract three tenths of an eiphah of fine flour, the required amount for one bull.41See Bamidbar 15:8-9. As we learned in the Mishnah:42Maseches Menachos 76b. The showbread was made of twenty-four tenths of an eiphah from twenty-four seahs; i.e., one tenth part of an eiphah of fine flour from each seah of wheat.
ונבל יין. לנסך:
And a flask of wine. For a libation.
והנער נער. (תרגום:) ורביא הוה יניק:
Though the child was still a lad. The Targum renders, 'though the child was still young.'
וַֽיִּשְׁחֲטוּ אֶת־הַפָּר וַיָּבִאוּ אֶת־הַנַּעַר אֶל־עֵלִֽי׃
They slaughtered the bull, and brought the child to Eili.
They slaughtered the bull, and brought the child to Eili.
Rashi
ויביאו את הנער אל עלי. לראות שנתקיימה נבואתו ורבותינו דרשו מה שדרשו: שהורה הלכה, שאינו צריך כהן לשחיטת קדשים, כדאיתא בברכות (לא ב):
They brought the child to Eili. To show that his prophecy was fulfilled. Our Sages expounded what they expounded, explaining that he [Shmuel] ruled on a point of law, that a kohein is not necessary for sacrificial slaughter, as it is stated in [Maseches] Berachos.43 31b.
וַתֹּאמֶר בִּי אֲדֹנִי חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ אֲדֹנִי אֲנִי הָאִשָּׁה הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה בָּזֶה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהֹוָֽה׃
She said, "Please my lord, by your life my lord, I was the woman who stood with you here, praying to Adonoy.
She said, "Please my lord, by your life my lord, I was the woman who stood with you here, praying to Adonoy.
Rashi
בי אדני. לתת עיניך עליו שיהא תלמידך ולפי מדרש רבותינו: שלא יענישהו מיתה:
Please my lord. Take care of him, that he become your disciple. But according to the Midrash of our Sages, [she asked of Eili] not to punish him with death.
אֶל־הַנַּעַר הַזֶּה הִתְפַּלָּלְתִּי וַיִּתֵּן יְהֹוָה לִי אֶת־שְׁאֵלָתִי אֲשֶׁר שָׁאַלְתִּי מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃
This is the child that I prayed for; Adonoy granted me my request that I asked of Him.
This is the child that I prayed for; Adonoy granted me my request that I asked of Him.
Rashi
אל הנער הזה התפללתי. אל תאמר: זה ימות וינתן לך אחר:
This is the child that I prayed for. Do not say, "this one shall die and another shall be given to you."44Ibid.
וְגַם אָנֹכִי הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לַֽיהֹוָה כׇּל־הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה הוּא שָׁאוּל לַיהֹוָה וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ שָׁם לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
And I have dedicated him to Adonoy. All the days that he lives he is dedicated to Adonoy." He then prostrated himself to Adonoy.
And I have dedicated him to Adonoy. All the days that he lives he is dedicated to Adonoy." He then prostrated himself to Adonoy.
Rashi
וגם אנכי השאלתיהו לה'. כאדם המשאיל כלי לרבו, או משאילו בנו לשמשו:
And I have dedicated him to Adonoy. Just as a person who lends a utensil to his master, or lends him his son to serve him.
הוא שאול. אנפרוצטי"ץ בלע"ז, כלומר אין אתה רשאי לענשו, הקב"ה נעשה עליו שואל, כי השאלתיו לו, ועליו להחזירו לי:
He is dedicated. Enpruntez in Old French, i.e., you have no right to punish him, for the Holy one, Blessed is He, has become his borrower; because I have lent [Shmuel] to Him, He must return him to me.45Another interpretation of “שָׁאוּל” is that it refers to Shaul. She stated by Divine inspiration, “as long as Shmuel lives, Shaul will live.” Shmuel was no longer alive at the time of Shaul’s death.
וישתחו שם. שמואל, ויש אומרים אלקנה:
He then prostrated himself. Shmuel. Others say, Elkonoh.
ויהי איש אחד. הכל לפי הסדר, משה מסר את התורה ליהושע, ויהושע לזקנים, ושופט מסר לשופט, עד שהגיע לעלי, וממנו לשמואל, כמו ששנינו (אבות א א): וזקנים לנביאים:
And there was a man. It all follows the order: Moshe gave over the Torah to Yehoshua and Yehoshua to the Elders and each Judge to his successor until it reached Eili who gave it over to Shmuel1I.e., the “ו” of וְאֵלֶה links the Book of Shmuel with the preceeding Book of Shoftim and serves as a link between the oral tradition as stated in the Mishnah, “…and the Elders…” as we learned (in the Mishnah), "… and the Elders [gave it over] to the Prophets…"2Maseches Avos 1:1.