Tanach
Shmuel I 13:19-23 שמואל א י״ג:י״ט-כ״ג
Part of: Chapter 13
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וְחָרָשׁ לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּכֹל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּֽי־[אָמְרוּ] (אמר) פְלִשְׁתִּים פֶּן יַעֲשׂוּ הָעִבְרִים חֶרֶב אוֹ חֲנִֽית׃
A blacksmith was not to be found anywhere in the entire land of Yisroel, for the Philistines said, "Lest the Hebrews produce a sword or spear."
A blacksmith was not to be found anywhere in the entire land of Yisroel, for the Philistines said, "Lest the Hebrews produce a sword or spear."
Rashi
וַיֵּרְדוּ כׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים לִלְטוֹשׁ אִישׁ אֶת־מַחֲרַשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת־אֵתוֹ וְאֶת־קַרְדֻּמּוֹ וְאֵת מַחֲרֵשָׁתֽוֹ׃
And all of Yisroel would go down to the Philistines, each man to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe and his tools.
And all of Yisroel would go down to the Philistines, each man to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe and his tools.
Rashi
וירדו כל ישראל הפלשתים. וכשהיו ישראל צריכין לחרשי ברזל ללטוש איתים וקרדומות ומחרישות, היו זקוקים לירד אל ארץ פלשתים:
And all of Yisroel would go down to the Philistines. And when Yiroel needed iron smiths to sharpen mattocks, axes and tools, they had to go down to the land of the Philistines.
מחרשתו. שו"ק בלע"ז:
His plowshare. Soc in O.F.
אתו. קולטר"א בלע"ז:
His mattock. Coltre in O.F.
קרדומו. בשגו"ר בלע"ז:
His axe. Besague in O.F.
מחרשתו. פישוייר"א בלע"ז:
His tools. Fosoir in O.F.
וְֽהָיְתָה הַפְּצִירָה פִים לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת וְלָאֵתִים וְלִשְׁלֹשׁ קִלְּשׁוֹן וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּים וּלְהַצִּיב הַדָּרְבָֽן׃
There was a multi-edged file that was used for the tools, mattocks, three-pronged pitchforks, and axes, and for setting the yoke.
There was a multi-edged file that was used for the tools, mattocks, three-pronged pitchforks, and axes, and for setting the yoke.
Rashi
והיתה הפצירה פים למחרשות. והיתה להם לאותם שהיה להם טורח לרדת אל הפלשתים ללטוש, היתה הפצירה פים לימ"א בלע"ז, שיש לה הפצר פיות, כלומר פיות וחידודים הרבה, היתה להם לחדד המחרשת והאתים:
There was a multi-edged file that was used for the tools. For those who found it troublesome to go down to the Philistines to sharpen, had the פְּצִירָה פִים, lime in O.F., which has many mouths, i.e. many sharp and jagged surfaces to sharpen the tools and mattocks.
ולשלש קלשון. מזלג עשוי כמין עתר, שקורין פורקד"א, ולו שלש שינים:
Three pronged pitchforks. A fork similar to a pitchfork, which is called 'forche' [in O.F.], having three prongs.
ולהציב הדרבן. לחדדו בראשו לנועצו ולהציבו בתוך המרדע:
And for setting the yoke. To sharpen the tip, and to insert it and set it into the handle.
וְהָיָה בְּיוֹם מִלְחֶמֶת וְלֹא נִמְצָא חֶרֶב וַֽחֲנִית בְּיַד כׇּל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אֶת־שָׁאוּל וְאֶת־יוֹנָתָן וַתִּמָּצֵא לְשָׁאוּל וּלְיוֹנָתָן בְּנֽוֹ׃
Thus it was on that day of war, that there was neither a sword or spear to be found in the hand of any of the people who were with Shaul and Yonoson; but they could be found with Shaul and his son Yonoson.
Thus it was on that day of war, that there was neither a sword or spear to be found in the hand of any of the people who were with Shaul and Yonoson; but they could be found with Shaul and his son Yonoson.
Rashi
ותמצא לשאול. על ידי נס:
But they could be found with Shaul. By means of a miracle.15 See Vayikra Rabbah 25:8.
וַיֵּצֵא מַצַּב פְּלִשְׁתִּים אֶֽל־מַעֲבַר מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ {ס}
A Philistine garrison went out towards the Pass of Michmos.
A Philistine garrison went out towards the Pass of Michmos.
Rashi
מצב פלשתים. דרך אנשי צבא לעשות מהם מצב ומשחית, הם הפושטים ורצים אחר השלל אל העיר, שקורין צנבי"ל בלע"ז:
A Philistine garrison. It is the custom of soldiers to form a garrison and a raiding party, [the latter] spread out into a city and seek its plunder. It is called 'cenbel' in O.F.
מצב. הם נציבים לשמור שלא יצאו מן העיר משחיתים בהם:
Garrison. They are the ones who stand guard that no raiders come out of the city against them.
אל מעבר מכמש. הפלשתים היו חונים במכמש, ומכמש בהר, וישראל בעיר ששמה גבע וגבע היתה בראש ההר, ושני הרים היו זה כנגד זה, והגיא ביניהם, כמו שאמור בענין. ומצב פלשתים נגש אל עבר מכמש שלצד גבע, אל הגיא שביניהם:
Towards the Pass of Michmos. The Philistines were camped in Michmos, and Michmos was on a mountain. Yisroel was in a city named Geva, and Geva was also on top of a mountain, and those two mountains were opposite each other. The valley was between them, as is stated in this episode, "and the Phillistine garrison went out toward the Pass of Michmos," which is on the side toward Geva, to the valley between them.
וחרש לא ימצא. לא היה מצוי בתחלת מלכות שאול, כי הפלשתים המושלים בישראל, העבירו כל חרשי ברזל מישראל, פן יעשו כלי זיין להלחם:
A blacksmith was not to be found. I.e., was not available at the beginning of Shaul's reign, because the Philistines who ruled over Yisroel, eliminated all the iron smiths from Yisroel, lest they make weapons to wage war.