Tanach
Shmuel I 14:25-35 שמואל א י״ד:כ״ה-ל״ה
Part of: Chapter 14
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וְכׇל־הָאָרֶץ בָּאוּ בַיָּעַר וַיְהִי דְבַשׁ עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃
All [inhabitants of] the land came into the forest, and there was honey on the surface of the field.
All [inhabitants of] the land came into the forest, and there was honey on the surface of the field.
Rashi
וַיָּבֹא הָעָם אֶל־הַיַּעַר וְהִנֵּה הֵלֶךְ דְּבָשׁ וְאֵין־מַשִּׂיג יָדוֹ אֶל־פִּיו כִּֽי־יָרֵא הָעָם אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָֽה׃
The people came to the forest and behold, there was a flow of honey, but no one put his hand to his mouth, for the people feared the oath.
The people came to the forest and behold, there was a flow of honey, but no one put his hand to his mouth, for the people feared the oath.
Rashi
והנה הלך דבש. שהיה נוטף מן הקנים:
And behold there was a flow of honey. Which was flowing from the canes.
וְיוֹנָתָן לֹא־שָׁמַע בְּהַשְׁבִּיעַ אָבִיו אֶת־הָעָם וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת־קְצֵה הַמַּטֶּה אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדוֹ וַיִּטְבֹּל אוֹתָהּ בְּיַעְרַת הַדְּבָשׁ וַיָּשֶׁב יָדוֹ אֶל־פִּיו (ותראנה) [וַתָּאֹרְנָה] עֵינָֽיו׃
But Yonoson had not heard about the oath his father had imposed upon the people, and he stretched out the tip of the staff that was in his hand, and dipped it into the honeycomb; he then put his hand to his mouth and his eyes lit up.
But Yonoson had not heard about the oath his father had imposed upon the people, and he stretched out the tip of the staff that was in his hand, and dipped it into the honeycomb; he then put his hand to his mouth and his eyes lit up.
Rashi
ביערת הדבש. בקנה הדבש, כמו (שמות ב ג): ותשם בסוף, דמתרגמינן: ושויתיה ביערא. ו'סוף' הם קנים של אגם, וכן (שיר השירים ה א): אכלתי יערי עם דבשי. ובלשון ישמעאל קורין לאותו דבש סוקר"א בלע"ז, מפי רבי נתן הישמעאלי:
Into the honeycomb. Into the sugar cane, as in, "and she placed it in the reeds,"13 Shemos 2:3. which Onkelos renders, "and she placed it in the יַעֲרָא," and סוּף are reeds which grow in the swamp. And similarly, "I ate my sugar cane [יַעְרִי] with my sugar,14 Shir Hashirim 5:1. and in Arabic, that honey is called 'sukra' in their language; from R. Nosson Ha'yishme'eili.
וַיַּעַן אִישׁ מֵהָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר הַשְׁבֵּעַ הִשְׁבִּיעַ אָבִיךָ אֶת־הָעָם לֵאמֹר אָרוּר הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹאכַל לֶחֶם הַיּוֹם וַיָּעַף הָעָֽם׃
A man from among the people spoke up and said, "Your father has imposed an oath upon the people saying, 'Cursed be the man who eats food today,' and the people have become weary."
A man from among the people spoke up and said, "Your father has imposed an oath upon the people saying, 'Cursed be the man who eats food today,' and the people have become weary."
וַיֹּאמֶר יֽוֹנָתָן עָכַר אָבִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ רְאוּ־נָא כִּי־אֹרוּ עֵינַי כִּי טָעַמְתִּי מְעַט דְּבַשׁ הַזֶּֽה׃
Yonoson said, "My father has brought distress to the [inhabitants of the] land. Look how my eyes lit up because I tasted a bit of this honey.
Yonoson said, "My father has brought distress to the [inhabitants of the] land. Look how my eyes lit up because I tasted a bit of this honey.
Rashi
עכר אבי את הארץ. בלבל את דעתם ואת ישועתם, כמים עכורים:
My father has brought distress to the [inhabitants of the] land. He confused [עָכַר] their thoughts and their salvation, like unclear [עֲכוּרִים] waters.
אַף כִּי לוּא אָכֹל אָכַל הַיּוֹם הָעָם מִשְּׁלַל אֹיְבָיו אֲשֶׁר מָצָא כִּי עַתָּה לֹא־רָבְתָה מַכָּה בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
For if the people had eaten today of the spoils of their enemy that they found, would it not now have been even greater—the blow against the Philistines?"
For if the people had eaten today of the spoils of their enemy that they found, would it not now have been even greater—the blow against the Philistines?"
Rashi
כי עתה לא רבתה מכה. בתמיה:
Would it not now have been even greater—the blow. This is a question.
וַיַּכּוּ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים מִמִּכְמָשׂ אַיָּלֹנָה וַיָּעַף הָעָם מְאֹֽד׃
That day they slew the Philistines, from Michmos to Ayalon, and the people were very weary.
That day they slew the Philistines, from Michmos to Ayalon, and the people were very weary.
(ויעש) [וַיַּעַט] הָעָם אֶל־[הַשָּׁלָל] (שלל) וַיִּקְחוּ צֹאן וּבָקָר וּבְנֵי בָקָר וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ־אָרְצָה וַיֹּאכַל הָעָם עַל־הַדָּֽם׃
The people rushed to the spoils, and took sheep, cattle, and their young, and slaughtered them on the ground; and the people ate with the blood.
The people rushed to the spoils, and took sheep, cattle, and their young, and slaughtered them on the ground; and the people ate with the blood.
Rashi
ויעש העם. כמו ויעט העם, לשון עיט (בראשית טו יא):
The people rushed. Meaning 'the people rushed,'15 According to the קְרִי; however, according to the כְּתִיב the meaning is “the people prepared.” an expression of ,16 See below 25:14.עַיִט [birds of prey [הָעַיִט] who swoop down].17Bereishis 15:11.
צאן ובקר ובני בקר. אומר אני: זה אותו ואת בנו לא תשחטו (ויקרא כב כח), ולכך קראם חוטאים. ורבותינו אמרו בשחיטת קדשים, שהיו מקדישים אותם שלמים, ואוכלים לפני זריקת דם, הוא שאמר: ויאכל העם על הדם, אוכלים קדשים ועדיין דם במזרק:
Sheep, cattle and their young. I say that this was in violation of, "It and its young you must not slaughter [on the same day],"18 Vayikra 22:28. and he, therefore, called them sinners.19 Below verse 33. But our Rabbis said in [Perek] שְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים [in Maseches Zevochim]20 120a. that they sanctified them for peace-offerings, from which they were eating before the sprinkling of the blood. This is what Scripture [means when it] states, "And the people ate with the blood," i.e., they ate of the sacrifice when the blood was yet in the basin.21 This violates the prohibition “You shall not eat over the blood” stated in Vayikra 19:26.—Sanhedrin 63a
וַיַּגִּידוּ לְשָׁאוּל לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה הָעָם חֹטִאים לַיהֹוָה לֶאֱכֹל עַל־הַדָּם וַיֹּאמֶר בְּגַדְתֶּם גֹּלּוּ־אֵלַי הַיּוֹם אֶבֶן גְּדוֹלָֽה׃
They told Shaul, saying, "Behold, the people are sinning before Adonoy by eating with the blood." He said, "You have acted faithlessly. Roll over a boulder to me today."
They told Shaul, saying, "Behold, the people are sinning before Adonoy by eating with the blood." He said, "You have acted faithlessly. Roll over a boulder to me today."
Rashi
גלו אלי. לשון גללו:
Roll over to me. An expression of גַּלְּלוּ [roll].
היום. מבעוד יום, ולמטה (פסוק לד) נאמר: ויגישו איש שורו בידו הלילה, רבותינו נחלקו בדבר בסוף מסכת זבחים, יש מהן פירשו: כאן בחולין כאן בקדשים. ויש מהן פירשו: כאן בקדשים שהוקדשו ליקרב בבמת נוב גדולה, כאן בקדשים שהוקדשו ליקרב בבמה קטנה, למד על עולת יחיד שכשירה לישחט בלילה:
Today. While it is yet daytime, and below it stated, "and all the people brought near, each man his ox in his hand that night."22 Below, verse 34. Our Rabbis had different views at the end of Maseches Zevochim;23 120a. some of them explain that [Scripture is referring to] ordinary animals,24 Below, verse 34. while here25 Verse 33. [the Scripture is referring to] sacrificial animals. Others explained that here26 Ibid. [Scripture is referring to] sacrificial animals which were sanctified to be offered at the large high place in Nov, while here27 Verse 34. [Scripture is referring to] sacrificial animals which were sanctified to be offered at a small high place. Scripture thereby teaches us that a private burnt-offering may be slaughtered at night [on a small, i.e., private high place].
אבן גדולה. עשאה במה, לזרוק עליה דם והקטר חלבים:
A boulder. He made it a high place upon which to sprinkle the blood and for the burning of the fatty parts.
וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל פֻּצוּ בָעָם וַאֲמַרְתֶּם לָהֶם הַגִּישׁוּ אֵלַי אִישׁ שׁוֹרוֹ וְאִישׁ שְׂיֵהוּ וּשְׁחַטְתֶּם בָּזֶה וַאֲכַלְתֶּם וְלֹא־תֶחֶטְאוּ לַיהֹוָה לֶאֱכֹל אֶל־הַדָּם וַיַּגִּשׁוּ כׇל־הָעָם אִישׁ שׁוֹרוֹ בְיָדוֹ הַלַּיְלָה וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ־שָֽׁם׃
Shaul said, "Spread out among the people and tell them, 'Let each man bring me his ox and each man his sheep, and you shall slaughter [them] here and eat [them], so that you not sin before Adonoy by eating with the blood.'" So each man of the people brought his ox with him that night, and they slaughtered them there.
Shaul said, "Spread out among the people and tell them, 'Let each man bring me his ox and each man his sheep, and you shall slaughter [them] here and eat [them], so that you not sin before Adonoy by eating with the blood.'" So each man of the people brought his ox with him that night, and they slaughtered them there.
Rashi
פוצו בעם. הכריזו במקומות הרבה, ויהיו המכריזים נפוצים בעם:
Spread out among the people. Announce in many places, and let the announcers disperse among the people.
ושחטתם בזה. כאן, במקום שחיטה דבר אחר: סכין בדק להם:
And you shall slaughter [them] here. Here in the place of slaughtering.28בָּזֶה referring to the “place” of slaughtering. Another explanation is, he examined a slaughtering knife29בָּזֶה referring to the “knife” used for slaughtering. He had inspected it to make sure it was fit for ritual slaughter. for them.30Maseches Chulin 17b.
הלילה. בהמות של חולין נשחטו בלילה, כך מפורש בזבחים (שם):
That night. The ordinary [i.e., non-sanctified] animals were slaughtered at night. Thus it is explained in [Maseches] Zevochim.31 120a.
וַיִּבֶן שָׁאוּל מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהֹוָה אֹתוֹ הֵחֵל לִבְנוֹת מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
Shaul built an altar to Adonoy; it was the first of the altars that he built to Adonoy.
Shaul built an altar to Adonoy; it was the first of the altars that he built to Adonoy.
Rashi
אותו החל. אותו המזבח, ראשון למזבחות שבנה שאול:
It was the first of the altars. That altar was the first of the altars which Shaul built.32 He built this altar in honor of the victory, as Moshe did after having defeated Amoleik in Shemos 17:15.
ויהי דבש. דבש קנים גדל בארץ ישראל:
There was honey. Cane sugar grows in Eretz Yisroel.