Tanach
Shmuel I 20:12-17 שמואל א כ׳:י״ב-י״ז
Part of: Chapter 20
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹנָתָן אֶל־דָּוִד יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹר אֶת־אָבִי כָּעֵת ׀ מָחָר הַשְּׁלִשִׁית וְהִנֵּה־טוֹב אֶל־דָּוִד וְלֹא־אָז אֶשְׁלַח אֵלֶיךָ וְגָלִיתִי אֶת־אׇזְנֶֽךָ׃
Yonoson said to Dovid, "[I swear by] Adonoy the God of Yisroel that I will sound out my father at this time on the third day from now, and behold, if it is good for Dovid, will I then not send for you and let you know?
Yonoson said to Dovid, "[I swear by] Adonoy the God of Yisroel that I will sound out my father at this time on the third day from now, and behold, if it is good for Dovid, will I then not send for you and let you know?
Rashi
השלשית. בימי מחר, זהו יום שלישי כשעה של עכשיו, כי מחר חדש, ושמא לא יתמה מחר אבי, אבל יתמה ביום השלישי:
On the third day. Of the following day. That means the third day at this time, for tomorrow is the new moon, and tomorrow my father might not wonder; but he will wonder on the third day.
כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂה יְהֹוָה לִיהוֹנָתָן וְכֹה יֹסִיף כִּֽי־יֵיטִב אֶל־אָבִי אֶת־הָרָעָה עָלֶיךָ וְגָלִיתִי אֶת־אׇזְנֶךָ וְשִׁלַּחְתִּיךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ לְשָׁלוֹם וִיהִי יְהֹוָה עִמָּךְ כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיָה עִם־אָבִֽי׃
So may Adonoy do to Yonoson and much more, if it pleases my father to harm you, I will let you know, and I will send you away that you may go safely; and may Adonoy be with you as He was with my father.
So may Adonoy do to Yonoson and much more, if it pleases my father to harm you, I will let you know, and I will send you away that you may go safely; and may Adonoy be with you as He was with my father.
Rashi
כה יעשה לי. הקב"ה, כי אחקור את אבי ואמצא שהוא טוב אליך, אם לא אשלח על ידי שליח וגליתי אזנך, כי הטובה אני יכול לגלות, ואם ייטיב אל אבי להרע לך, אותה לא אגלה, פן יודע לאבי מקום שאתה שם, וגליתי אני בעצמי את אזנך:
So may Adonoy do to Yonoson. The Holy One, Blessed is He, when I question my father, and find that he is favorable toward you, if I do not [send word] through a messenger and reveal to you, for good I am able to reveal. But if it pleases my father to do evil to you, that I will not reveal [by messenger], lest my father find out your whereabouts,7I.e., the messenger might later reveal Dovid’s whereabouts to Shaul. but I will personally reveal it to you.
וְלֹא אִם־עוֹדֶנִּי חָי וְלֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה עִמָּדִי חֶסֶד יְהֹוָה וְלֹא אָמֽוּת׃
I will not [ask of you] if I will still be alive that you not do for me Adonoy's kindness, so that I will not die?
I will not [ask of you] if I will still be alive that you not do for me Adonoy's kindness, so that I will not die?
Rashi
ולא אם עודני חי. לשון בקשה הוא, כמו (מלכים-ב ה יז): ולא יתן נא לעבדיך. ואינו זז ממשמעו, ולא תעשה לי טובה בעודני חי, שתעשה עמי חסד ה' בטרם אמות, ומהו החסד, שלא תכרית את חסדך מעם ביתי, בזאת תכרות לי ברית בחיי:
I will not [ask of you] if I still be alive. An expression of request, as in and if only [וָלאׁ] it will be given to your bondsman.'8II Melachim 5:17. It is not removed from its usual meaning, 'and will you not do with me good while I am still alive, and do with me the kindness of Adonoy before I die?' And what is the kindness? That you will not discontinue your kindness with my household. Regarding this, you will make a covenant with me in my lifetime.
וְלֹֽא־תַכְרִית אֶֽת־חַסְדְּךָ מֵעִם בֵּיתִי עַד־עוֹלָם וְלֹא בְּהַכְרִת יְהֹוָה אֶת־אֹיְבֵי דָוִד אִישׁ מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָֽה׃
And that you do not cut off your kindness from my descendants forever; not even when Adonoy cuts off each of Dovid's enemies from the face of the earth."
And that you do not cut off your kindness from my descendants forever; not even when Adonoy cuts off each of Dovid's enemies from the face of the earth."
Rashi
ולא בהכרית ה'. וגם לא תסיר חסדך מה', כי אף בבא הפורענות על בית אבי, שידעתי שיכרית המקום את אויביך:
Not even when Adonoy cuts off. And also, you will not remove your kindness from them even when retribution befalls my father's house, for I know that God will cut off your enemies.9And being that my father’s family is included among your enemies, you will not kill them.
וַיִּכְרֹת יְהוֹנָתָן עִם־בֵּית דָּוִד וּבִקֵּשׁ יְהֹוָה מִיַּד אֹיְבֵי דָוִֽד׃
Yonoson made a covenant regarding Dovid's household, "May Adonoy exact punishment from Dovid's enemies."
Yonoson made a covenant regarding Dovid's household, "May Adonoy exact punishment from Dovid's enemies."
Rashi
ובקש ה'. את הברית הזאת:
May Adonoy exact punishment. Of this covenant.
מיד אויבי דוד. כנה הכתוב, ופירושו: בקש הקב"ה את העון מיד דוד, כשעבר על הברית ואמר למפיבושת (שמואל-ב יט ל): אתה וציבא תחלקו את השדה, יצתה בת קול ואמרה: רחבעם וירבעם יחלקו את המלכות (שבת נו ב). וכן תרגם יונתן: ואתפרע ליה ה' מיד שנאי דוד:
From Dovid's enemies. Scripture euphemized. Its real meaning is that the The Holy One, Blessed is He, demanded the punishment of the transgression from Dovid.10Others maintain that ‘Dovid’s enemies’ refers to Shaul and Avneir.—Mahri Kra. When he transgressed the covenant, and said to Mefiboshes, "You and Tziva shall divide the field,"11II Shmuel 19:30. a bas kol came forth, and said, 'Rechavam and Yorovom shall divide the kingdom.'12See Maseches Shabbos 56b and Maseches Yoma 22b. And so did Targum Yonoson render, 'and Adonoy took retribution from Dovid's enemies.'
וַיּוֹסֶף יְהֽוֹנָתָן לְהַשְׁבִּיעַ אֶת־דָּוִד בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ אֹתוֹ כִּֽי־אַהֲבַת נַפְשׁוֹ אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ {ס}
Yonoson again had Dovid take an oath, because of his love for him; for he loved him as he loved himself.
Yonoson again had Dovid take an oath, because of his love for him; for he loved him as he loved himself.
ה' אלהי ישראל. לשון שבועה:
Adonoy the God of Yisroel. This is an expression of oath.