Tanach
Shoftim 19:1-30 שופטים י״ט:א׳-ל׳
Part of: Chapter 19
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַֽיְהִי בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וּמֶלֶךְ אֵין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְהִי ׀ אִישׁ לֵוִי גָּר בְּיַרְכְּתֵי הַר־אֶפְרַיִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ אִשָּׁה פִילֶגֶשׁ מִבֵּית לֶחֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃
It happened in those days, when there was no king in Yisroel, that there was a Levite man who dwelt in the foothills of Mount Ephraim. He took a concubine from Beis Lechem, in Yehudah.
It happened in those days, when there was no king in Yisroel, that there was a Levite man who dwelt in the foothills of Mount Ephraim. He took a concubine from Beis Lechem, in Yehudah.
וַתִּזְנֶה עָלָיו פִּֽילַגְשׁוֹ וַתֵּלֶךְ מֵֽאִתּוֹ אֶל־בֵּית אָבִיהָ אֶל־בֵּית לֶחֶם יְהוּדָה וַתְּהִי־שָׁם יָמִים אַרְבָּעָה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃
His concubine strayed from him, and went from him to her father's home—to Beis Lechem, in Yehudah. She remained there for a time—four months.
His concubine strayed from him, and went from him to her father's home—to Beis Lechem, in Yehudah. She remained there for a time—four months.
Rashi
וַיָּקׇם אִישָׁהּ וַיֵּלֶךְ אַחֲרֶיהָ לְדַבֵּר עַל־לִבָּהּ (להשיבו) [לַהֲשִׁיבָהּ] וְנַעֲרוֹ עִמּוֹ וְצֶמֶד חֲמֹרִים וַתְּבִיאֵהוּ בֵּית אָבִיהָ וַיִּרְאֵהוּ אֲבִי הַֽנַּעֲרָה וַיִּשְׂמַח לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃
Her husband rose, and followed her, to entice her into returning. He was accompanied by his servant, and a couple of donkeys. She brought him to her father's home. When the girl's father saw him, he approached him joyfully.
Her husband rose, and followed her, to entice her into returning. He was accompanied by his servant, and a couple of donkeys. She brought him to her father's home. When the girl's father saw him, he approached him joyfully.
וַיַּחֲזֶק־בּוֹ חֹתְנוֹ אֲבִי הַֽנַּעֲרָה וַיֵּשֶׁב אִתּוֹ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ וַיָּלִינוּ שָֽׁם׃
His father-in-law, the girl's father, detained him. and he remained with him for three days. They ate and drank, and lodged there overnight.
His father-in-law, the girl's father, detained him. and he remained with him for three days. They ate and drank, and lodged there overnight.
וַֽיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ בַבֹּקֶר וַיָּקׇם לָלֶכֶת וַיֹּאמֶר אֲבִי הַֽנַּעֲרָה אֶל־חֲתָנוֹ סְעָד לִבְּךָ פַּת־לֶחֶם וְאַחַר תֵּלֵֽכוּ׃
It happened, on the fourth day, that they arose early, and he rose to leave. The girl's father told his son-in-law, "Nourish yourself with a piece of bread; then you can depart."
It happened, on the fourth day, that they arose early, and he rose to leave. The girl's father told his son-in-law, "Nourish yourself with a piece of bread; then you can depart."
וַיֵּשְׁבוּ וַיֹּאכְלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם יַחְדָּו וַיִּשְׁתּוּ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲבִי הַֽנַּעֲרָה אֶל־הָאִישׁ הוֹאֶל־נָא וְלִין וְיִיטַב לִבֶּֽךָ׃
They seated themselves, and both ate and drank together. The girl's father told the man, "Please give your assent, and remain overnight and let your heart be glad."
They seated themselves, and both ate and drank together. The girl's father told the man, "Please give your assent, and remain overnight and let your heart be glad."
Rashi
הואל נא ולין. הלילה:
Give your assent, and remain overnight. Tonight.
וַיָּקׇם הָאִישׁ לָלֶכֶת וַיִּפְצַר־בּוֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ וַיָּשׇׁב וַיָּלֶן שָֽׁם׃
The man rose to depart, but his father-in-law insisted, so he returned, and remained there overnight.
The man rose to depart, but his father-in-law insisted, so he returned, and remained there overnight.
וַיַּשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר בַּיּוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי לָלֶכֶת וַיֹּאמֶר ׀ אֲבִי הַֽנַּעֲרָה סְעׇד־נָא לְבָבְךָ וְהִֽתְמַהְמְהוּ עַד־נְטוֹת הַיּוֹם וַיֹּאכְלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃
He arose early on the fifth day, to leave. The girl's father said, "Please, nourish yourself." They dallied until the sun's descent, and they both ate.
He arose early on the fifth day, to leave. The girl's father said, "Please, nourish yourself." They dallied until the sun's descent, and they both ate.
וַיָּקׇם הָאִישׁ לָלֶכֶת הוּא וּפִילַגְשׁוֹ וְנַעֲרוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ חֹתְנוֹ אֲבִי הַֽנַּעֲרָה הִנֵּה נָא רָפָה הַיּוֹם לַעֲרוֹב לִֽינוּ־נָא הִנֵּה חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם לִין פֹּה וְיִיטַב לְבָבֶךָ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּם מָחָר לְדַרְכְּכֶם וְהָלַכְתָּ לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ׃
The man rose to depart, he, his concubine, and his servant. His father-in-law, the girl's father, told him, "Look, please, the sun has waned, and is setting. Please remain overnight. It is the time of day for encamping. Remain here overnight, and let your heart be glad. Tomorrow you may rise early, be on your way, and proceed homeward."
The man rose to depart, he, his concubine, and his servant. His father-in-law, the girl's father, told him, "Look, please, the sun has waned, and is setting. Please remain overnight. It is the time of day for encamping. Remain here overnight, and let your heart be glad. Tomorrow you may rise early, be on your way, and proceed homeward."
Rashi
רפה. השמש מגבורתו ונטה לערוב:
Has waned. The sun [has waned] from full strength, and has begun setting.
הנה חנות היום. עת שכל הולכי דרכים נוטים לחנות בבית:
It is the time of day for encamping. The time when all travellers turn in to encamp indoors.
וְלֹֽא־אָבָה הָאִישׁ לָלוּן וַיָּקׇם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָּבֹא עַד־נֹכַח יְבוּס הִיא יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְעִמּוֹ צֶמֶד חֲמוֹרִים חֲבוּשִׁים וּפִילַגְשׁוֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃
The man had no desire to remain overnight, so he rose, and departed. He arrived at an area facing Yevus, or Yerushalayim. He had with him a couple of saddled donkeys. His concubine was with him.
The man had no desire to remain overnight, so he rose, and departed. He arrived at an area facing Yevus, or Yerushalayim. He had with him a couple of saddled donkeys. His concubine was with him.
הֵם עִם־יְבוּס וְהַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר הַנַּעַר אֶל־אֲדֹנָיו לְכָה־נָּא וְנָסוּרָה אֶל־עִֽיר־הַיְבוּסִי הַזֹּאת וְנָלִין בָּֽהּ׃
They were at Yevus, and the sun had virtually set. The servant said to his master, "Come, please, let us turn in to this Yevusite city, and spend the night there."
They were at Yevus, and the sun had virtually set. The servant said to his master, "Come, please, let us turn in to this Yevusite city, and spend the night there."
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אֲדֹנָיו לֹא נָסוּר אֶל־עִיר נׇכְרִי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵנָּה וְעָבַרְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃
His master told him, "Let us not turn in to an alien city of non-Jews. Let us cross to Givoh."
His master told him, "Let us not turn in to an alien city of non-Jews. Let us cross to Givoh."
Rashi
עד גבעה. גבעת בנימן:
To Giv'oh. Giv'oh of Binyomin.
וַיֹּאמֶר לְנַֽעֲרוֹ לְךָ וְנִקְרְבָה בְּאַחַד הַמְּקֹמוֹת וְלַנּוּ בַגִּבְעָה אוֹ בָרָמָֽה׃
He told his servant, "Come and let us draw near to one of these places. We will spend the night at Givoh, or at Ramah."
He told his servant, "Come and let us draw near to one of these places. We will spend the night at Givoh, or at Ramah."
Rashi
ולנו. כמו ולננו, דגשות הנו"ן במקום נו"ן שניה:
We will spend the night. As in וְלַנְנוּ. The period punctuating the נ serves as a replacement for a second נ.2The suffix נו denotes the plural usage. When the letter נ appears in the root, as in לין, the additional נ is dropped, and is replaced by a period in the original נ.
וַיַּעַבְרוּ וַיֵּלֵכוּ וַתָּבֹא לָהֶם הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ אֵצֶל הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃
They crossed, and proceeded. the sun went down for them at Givoh of Binyomin.
They crossed, and proceeded. the sun went down for them at Givoh of Binyomin.
וַיָּסֻרוּ שָׁם לָבוֹא לָלוּן בַּגִּבְעָה וַיָּבֹא וַיֵּשֶׁב בִּרְחוֹב הָעִיר וְאֵין אִישׁ מְאַסֵּֽף־אוֹתָם הַבַּיְתָה לָלֽוּן׃
They turned in there, in order to enter Givoh and spend the night. He proceeded, and stationed himself in the city square, but not a single person invited them home to spend the night.
They turned in there, in order to enter Givoh and spend the night. He proceeded, and stationed himself in the city square, but not a single person invited them home to spend the night.
וְהִנֵּה ׀ אִישׁ זָקֵן בָּא מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה בָּעֶרֶב וְהָאִישׁ מֵהַר אֶפְרַיִם וְהוּא־גָר בַּגִּבְעָה וְאַנְשֵׁי הַמָּקוֹם בְּנֵי יְמִינִֽי׃
Then an elderly man came from his business in the field during the evening. The man was from Mount Efraim, and lived at Givoh. The townspeople were Binyominites.
Then an elderly man came from his business in the field during the evening. The man was from Mount Efraim, and lived at Givoh. The townspeople were Binyominites.
וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא אֶת־הָאִישׁ הָאֹרֵחַ בִּרְחֹב הָעִיר וַיֹּאמֶר הָאִישׁ הַזָּקֵן אָנָה תֵלֵךְ וּמֵאַיִן תָּבֽוֹא׃
He looked up, and noticed the visitor in the city square. The elderly man said, "Where are you going? Where are you from?"
He looked up, and noticed the visitor in the city square. The elderly man said, "Where are you going? Where are you from?"
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו עֹבְרִים אֲנַחְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶחֶם יְהוּדָה עַד־יַרְכְּתֵי הַר־אֶפְרַיִם מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי וָאֵלֵךְ עַד־בֵּית לֶחֶם יְהוּדָה וְאֶת־בֵּית יְהֹוָה אֲנִי הֹלֵךְ וְאֵין אִישׁ מְאַסֵּף אוֹתִי הַבָּֽיְתָה׃
He said to him, "We are passing through, from Bais Lechem of Yehudah to the foothills of Mount Efraim. I am from there, but I travelled to Beis Lechem of Yehudah, and I am going to the Sanctuary of Adonoy. Not a single person has invited me home.
He said to him, "We are passing through, from Bais Lechem of Yehudah to the foothills of Mount Efraim. I am from there, but I travelled to Beis Lechem of Yehudah, and I am going to the Sanctuary of Adonoy. Not a single person has invited me home.
Rashi
ואת בית ה'. לשילה אני הולך:
To the Sanctuary of Adonoy. I am going to Shiloh.3The Mishkon was at Shiloh. (Yehosnua, 18:1).
וְגַם־תֶּבֶן גַּם־מִסְפּוֹא יֵשׁ לַחֲמוֹרֵינוּ וְגַם לֶחֶם וָיַיִן יֶשׁ־לִי וְלַֽאֲמָתֶךָ וְלַנַּעַר עִם־עֲבָדֶיךָ אֵין מַחְסוֹר כׇּל־דָּבָֽר׃
There is ample straw and fodder for our donkeys; there is also bread and wine for me and for your maidservant, and for the lad accompanying your servant. Not a thing is lacking."
There is ample straw and fodder for our donkeys; there is also bread and wine for me and for your maidservant, and for the lad accompanying your servant. Not a thing is lacking."
וַיֹּאמֶר הָאִישׁ הַזָּקֵן שָׁלוֹם לָךְ רַק כׇּל־מַחְסוֹרְךָ עָלָי רַק בָּרְחוֹב אַל־תָּלַֽן׃
The elderly man said, "Peace be with you! Just, whatever you lack is my responsibilty, only do not spend the night in the square."
The elderly man said, "Peace be with you! Just, whatever you lack is my responsibilty, only do not spend the night in the square."
וַיְבִיאֵהוּ לְבֵיתוֹ (ויבול) [וַיָּבׇל] לַחֲמוֹרִים וַֽיִּרְחֲצוּ רַגְלֵיהֶם וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃
He brought him to his home, and fed produce to the donkeys. They washed their feet, and ate and drank.
He brought him to his home, and fed produce to the donkeys. They washed their feet, and ate and drank.
Rashi
ויבל לחמורים. ויתן יבול לחמורים, 'ויבל' אפרוונד"ר בלע"ז:
And fed produce to the donkeys. He gave produce to the donkeys. He fed produce, "aprovender" in old French.
הֵמָּה מֵיטִיבִים אֶת־לִבָּם וְהִנֵּה אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אַנְשֵׁי בְנֵי־בְלִיַּעַל נָסַבּוּ אֶת־הַבַּיִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִים עַל־הַדָּלֶת וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל־הָאִישׁ בַּעַל הַבַּיִת הַזָּקֵן לֵאמֹר הוֹצֵא אֶת־הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּא אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃
They were enjoying themselves, when the townspeople — scoundrels—surrounded the house, pounded at the door, and spoke to the elderly householder, saying, "Bring out the man visiting your home, we want to have relations with him."
They were enjoying themselves, when the townspeople — scoundrels—surrounded the house, pounded at the door, and spoke to the elderly householder, saying, "Bring out the man visiting your home, we want to have relations with him."
Rashi
ונדענו. משכב זכור:
We want to have relations with him to sodomize him.
וַיֵּצֵא אֲלֵיהֶם הָאִישׁ בַּעַל הַבַּיִת וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם אַל־אַחַי אַל־תָּרֵעוּ נָא אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּא הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה אֶל־בֵּיתִי אַֽל־תַּעֲשׂוּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָה הַזֹּֽאת׃
The man, the householder, went out to them, and told them, "Don't, my brothers, don't be sinful, please. As this man has visited my home, do not commit this loathsome act.
The man, the householder, went out to them, and told them, "Don't, my brothers, don't be sinful, please. As this man has visited my home, do not commit this loathsome act.
הִנֵּה בִתִּי הַבְּתוּלָה וּפִילַגְשֵׁהוּ אֽוֹצִיאָה־נָּא אוֹתָם וְעַנּוּ אוֹתָם וַעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶם וְלָאִישׁ הַזֶּה לֹא תַֽעֲשׂוּ דְּבַר הַנְּבָלָה הַזֹּֽאת׃
Here is my virgin daughter and his concubine; please, let me bring them out to you—torment them, do with them as you see fit, but do not commit, against this man, this loathsome act."
Here is my virgin daughter and his concubine; please, let me bring them out to you—torment them, do with them as you see fit, but do not commit, against this man, this loathsome act."
וְלֹֽא־אָבוּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים לִשְׁמֹעַֽ לוֹ וַיַּחֲזֵק הָאִישׁ בְּפִילַגְשׁוֹ וַיֹּצֵא אֲלֵיהֶם הַחוּץ וַיֵּדְעוּ אוֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָהּ כׇּל־הַלַּיְלָה עַד־הַבֹּקֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּחוּהָ (בעלות) [כַּעֲלוֹת] הַשָּֽׁחַר׃
But the men had no desire to listen to him, so the man took hold of his concubine and brought her out to them. They had relations with her, and molested her all night long, until morning. They released her at daybreak.
But the men had no desire to listen to him, so the man took hold of his concubine and brought her out to them. They had relations with her, and molested her all night long, until morning. They released her at daybreak.
וַתָּבֹא הָאִשָּׁה לִפְנוֹת הַבֹּקֶר וַתִּפֹּל פֶּתַח בֵּית־הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֲדוֹנֶיהָ שָּׁם עַד־הָאֽוֹר׃
The woman returned toward morning. She collapsed at the entrance to the man's house where her husband was, until daylight.
The woman returned toward morning. She collapsed at the entrance to the man's house where her husband was, until daylight.
וַיָּקׇם אֲדֹנֶיהָ בַּבֹּקֶר וַיִּפְתַּח דַּלְתוֹת הַבַּיִת וַיֵּצֵא לָלֶכֶת לְדַרְכּוֹ וְהִנֵּה הָאִשָּׁה פִֽילַגְשׁוֹ נֹפֶלֶת פֶּתַח הַבַּיִת וְיָדֶיהָ עַל־הַסַּֽף׃
Her husband rose in the morning, opened the doors of the house, and stepped out to proceed on his way, but there was a woman—his concubine—lying prostrate at the entrance to the house, with her hands on the threshold.
Her husband rose in the morning, opened the doors of the house, and stepped out to proceed on his way, but there was a woman—his concubine—lying prostrate at the entrance to the house, with her hands on the threshold.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ קוּמִי וְנֵלֵכָה וְאֵין עֹנֶה וַיִּקָּחֶהָ עַֽל־הַחֲמוֹר וַיָּקׇם הָאִישׁ וַיֵּלֶךְ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃
He said to her, "Come, let us go!" but there was no answer. He took her and placed her on the donkey. The man got up and went to his place.
He said to her, "Come, let us go!" but there was no answer. He took her and placed her on the donkey. The man got up and went to his place.
Rashi
ואין עונה. כי מתה:
There was no answer, for she was dead.
וַיָּבֹא אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶלֶת וַיַּחֲזֵק בְּפִֽילַגְשׁוֹ וַֽיְנַתְּחֶהָ לַעֲצָמֶיהָ לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר נְתָחִים וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶהָ בְּכֹל גְּבוּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
He returned to his home. He took a knife, grasped his concubine, and dismembered her into twelve pieces. He sent them to all the borders of Yisroel.
He returned to his home. He took a knife, grasped his concubine, and dismembered her into twelve pieces. He sent them to all the borders of Yisroel.
וְהָיָה כׇל־הָרֹאֶה וְאָמַר לֹֽא־נִהְיְתָה וְלֹֽא־נִרְאֲתָה כָּזֹאת לְמִיּוֹם עֲלוֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה שִׂימוּ־לָכֶם עָלֶיהָ עֻצוּ וְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ {פ}
It happened then, that everyone who saw declared, "Nothing has happened or been seen to compare with this from the day that the Bnei Yisroel went up from the land of Egypt until this day. Consider this, take counsel and speak!"
It happened then, that everyone who saw declared, "Nothing has happened or been seen to compare with this from the day that the Bnei Yisroel went up from the land of Egypt until this day. Consider this, take counsel and speak!"
ותזנה עליו פילגשו. זנתה מביתו אל החוץ כל לשון זנות אינו אלא לשון 'יוצאת' (תרגום אונקלוס בראשית לד לא): נפקת ברא, יוצאת מבעלה לאהוב את אחרים:
His concubine strayed away from him She strayed away from his home to the outside. The word זְנוּת, "promiscuity," always denotes departure—"One who departs to the outside,"1This is Targum Yonasan’s rendition of זוֹנָה, “promiscuous woman.” who leaves her husband and loves another.