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5:1

וַתָּשַׁר דְּבוֹרָה וּבָרָק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹעַם        בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֵאמֹֽר׃        

Devorah and Barak ben Avinoam sang that day, saying:

Devorah and Barak ben Avinoam sang that day, saying:

5:2

בִּפְרֹעַ פְּרָעוֹת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל        בְּהִתְנַדֵּב עָם בָּֽרְכוּ יְהֹוָֽה׃        

Yisroel was torn apart with breaches when the people volunteered, "Bless Adonoy."

Yisroel was torn apart with breaches when the people volunteered, "Bless Adonoy."

Rashi

בפרע פרעות בישראל בהתנדב עם. כשבאו פרצות על ישראל שפרצו בהם אויביהם על עזבם את ה', והתנדב העם לשוב בתשובה, מעתה ברכו את ה' על התשועות שעשה:

When Yisroel was inundated with breaches. When breaches befell Yisroel; when their enemies invaded them because they deserted Adonoy, and yet the people volunteered to repent—at this point, bless Adonoy for bringing deliverance.

5:3

שִׁמְעוּ מְלָכִים הַאֲזִינוּ רֹֽזְנִים        אָנֹכִי לַֽיהֹוָה אָנֹכִי אָשִׁירָה        אֲזַמֵּר לַֽיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃        

Hearken monarchs, rulers lend an ear; I unto Adonoy will I sing, I shall sing to Adonoy, the God of Yisroel.

Hearken monarchs, rulers lend an ear; I unto Adonoy will I sing, I shall sing to Adonoy, the God of Yisroel.

Rashi

אנכי אנכי. כפול, שמעתי מדרש אגדה (ילקוט שמעוני ב מז) לא קפח הקדוש ברוך הוא שכר תבור וכרמל, שבאו למתן תורה לתת עליהם את התורה וחזרו בבשת הפנים, אמר להם הקדוש ברוך הוא, סוף שאני פורע לכם כפלים, נאמר בסיני (שמות כ ב) אנכי ה' אלהיך, בתבור יאמר: אנכי אנכי. נאמר בסיני (שם) אנכי ה' אלהיך, בכרמל יאמר, כפול (מלכים א יח לט) ה' הוא האלהים, ה' הוא האלהים, בימי אליהו:

I…I. The word is doubled. I have heard in the name of Midrash Agaddah: the Holy One blessed is He did not deny a reward for [Mount] Tovor and [Mount] Carmel, who came to the giving of Torah so that it might be given on them, and turned away in humiliation. The Holy One, blessed is He told them, "Eventually, I shall reward you doubly. At Sinai it is said, 'I am the Lord your God;'1Shemos, 20:2. at Tovor it shall be said, 'I…I.'2The word “I” is doubled. At Sinai it is said, 'I am the Lord your God;' At Carmel it shall be said doubly, 'Adonoy is God,' 'Adonoy is God!'3Melachim 1, 18:39. in Eliyahu's days."4Yalkut, 47.

5:4

יְהֹוָה בְּצֵאתְךָ מִשֵּׂעִיר        בְּצַעְדְּךָ מִשְּׂדֵה אֱדוֹם        אֶרֶץ רָעָשָׁה גַּם־שָׁמַיִם נָטָפוּ        גַּם־עָבִים נָטְפוּ מָֽיִם׃        

Adonoy, when You went forth from Seir, when You stepped from the Edomite fields, the earth quaked, the very heavens dripped, the very clouds exuded moisture.

Adonoy, when You went forth from Seir, when You stepped from the Edomite fields, the earth quaked, the very heavens dripped, the very clouds exuded moisture.

Rashi

ה' בצאתך משעיר. זה מתן תורה, כמה שנאמר (דברים לג ב) וזרח משעיר למו, ומה עניינה לכאן, כך אמרה דבורה: קשה היא התורה לפרוש ממנה וטובה היא לדבק בה, שהרי במורא ובגבורה נתנה, ולכך נמסרו ישראל ביד אויביהם על פרישתם הימנה וכשהתנדבו לעסוק בה נושעו, כל זה יש ללמוד מתרגומו של יונתן:

Adonoy, when You went forth from Seir, This refers to the giving of Torah, as it is said, "…and shone forth from Seir to them."5Devarim, 33:2. Adonoy first offered the Torah to Eisov’s descendants at Seir. When they refused, He shone forth from there to Yisroel at Sinai. (Rashi to Devarim, there). Why is this relevant here? This is what Devorah said: "The Torah is severe when forsaken, but rewarding when adhered to, as it was given in awesomeness and power.6As indicated by the quaking of the earth and the dripping of heaven in v.4, and the dissolving of the mountain in v.5. Thus, the Yisroelites were handed over to their enemies for forsaking it; and, when they offered to engross themselves in it, they were saved." All this we learn from Targum Yonasan's rendition.7“Adonoy, the Torah which you have given to Yisroel: When they violate it, their enemies dominate them, and when they return to it, they are empowered over their antagonists”. (Targum Yonasan)

נטפו. הזילו טל תחיה:

Dripped. They dripped dew of revival.8As the Yisroelites glowed with a heavenly fire, Adonoy instructed the clouds of glory to drip dew of revival to restore them. (Yalkut, 48)

5:5

הָרִים נָזְלוּ מִפְּנֵי יְהֹוָה        זֶה סִינַי מִפְּנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃        

Mountains streamed in Adonoy's presence. This Sinai…because of the presence of Adonoy, God of Yisroel.

Mountains streamed in Adonoy's presence. This Sinai…because of the presence of Adonoy, God of Yisroel.

Rashi

הרים נזלו. כמים נוזלים נמוגו:

Mountains streamed. Like streaming water—they dissolved.

זה סיני. כבר מפורש (שמות יט כ) מה נראה בו: עשן כולו, וקול, ולפידים ואש:

This Sinai…. Scripture has already recounted the visions there—covered by mist, thunder, flashes of light, flame.9Shemos, 19:18, 20:15, etc. Our passage, therefore, omits this, leaving it to the reader’s understanding. See the following Rashi.

מפני ה'. והרי זה מקרא קצר 'זה סיני', מה אירע בו, מפני אשר ירד עליו ה':

Because of the presence of Adonoy This is an shortened passage: "This Sinai—what took place there occured because the mountain was visited by Adonoy."

5:6

בִּימֵי שַׁמְגַּר בֶּן־עֲנָת        בִּימֵי יָעֵל חָֽדְלוּ אֳרָחוֹת        וְהֹלְכֵי נְתִיבוֹת יֵלְכוּ אֳרָחוֹת עֲקַלְקַלּֽוֹת׃        

In the days of Shamgar ben Anas, in the days of Yael, the highways were unoccupied, wayfarers travelled on twisting-turning pathways.

In the days of Shamgar ben Anas, in the days of Yael, the highways were unoccupied, wayfarers travelled on twisting-turning pathways.

Rashi

בימי שמגר בן ענת בימי יעל. מלמד שאף יעל שפטה את ישראל בימיה:

In the days of Shamgar ben Anas, in the days of Yael. This teaches that Yael, too, judged Yisroel in her days.

חדלו ארחות. היו יראים ישראל לצאת לדרכם מפני האויבים והיו הולכים דרך עקלתון בהחבא:

Thoroughfares came to a halt. The Yisroelites were afraid to undertake normal travel, because of their enemies. They would proceed along round about pathways, clandestinely.

5:7

חָדְלוּ פְרָזוֹן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל חָדֵלּוּ        עַד שַׁקַּמְתִּי דְּבוֹרָה שַׁקַּמְתִּי אֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃        

Open villages ceased in Yisroel, they ceased. Until I Devorah, arose, I arose, a mother in Yisroel.

Open villages ceased in Yisroel, they ceased. Until I Devorah, arose, I arose, a mother in Yisroel.

Rashi

חדלו פרזון. ערי הפרזי שאין להם חומה חדלו מהיות יושבים בהם מפני אויביהם, ונאספו אל ערי המבצר:

Exposure was discontinued. Exposed, unwalled cities were discontinued as dwelling places, because of the enemies, and they flocked to the fortified cities.

עד שקמתי. כמו שקמתי, וכן (שופטים ו יז): שאתה מדבר עמי:

Until I rose. This10Scripture substitutes the “pasach” vowelization for the “segol” in the opening ‘ש’ of שקמתי. The “kametz” vowelization of the opening ‘ש’ is substituted for the “segol”. is the same as שֶׁקַמְתִּי Similarly, 'That you are speaking to me'

5:8

יִבְחַר אֱלֹהִים חֲדָשִׁים אָז לָחֶם שְׁעָרִים        מָגֵן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה וָרֹמַח        בְּאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃        

When they chose new gods—there was war in their cities. Was a shield in sight, or a spear, against the forty thousand opposing Yisroel?

When they chose new gods—there was war in their cities. Was a shield in sight, or a spear, against the forty thousand opposing Yisroel?

Rashi

יבחר אלהים חדשים אז לחם שערים. כשבחר לו ישראל אלהים חדשים, אז הוזקקו למלחמה בשעריהם, ראו עתה בהתנדבם, אם יראה בישראל מגן ורומח, שצריך להלחם בארבעים אלף ראשי גייסות שהביא הגוי עליהם, וכולם הממם המקום במלחמת הכוכבים (פסוק כא) ונחל קישון גרפם:

When they chose new gods—there was war in the cities. When the Yisroelites preferred modern Deities, then they needed to engage in battle in their cities. But, take note, now, when they volunteered, was a shield or battle ax in sight among the Yisroelites when they needed to do battle with the forty thousand field marshals the idolators flung against them? The Omnipresent overwhelmed them all with celestial warfare, and the Kishon stream swept them away.

שערים. כמו (דברים יז ב) כי ימצא בקרבך באחד שעריך, עיירות:

Cities. As in, "If there should be found in your midst, in one of your cities".11Devarim, 17:2. Although generally translated as “gates”, שְׁעָרִים is translated here as “cities”.

5:9

לִבִּי לְחוֹקְקֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל        הַמִּֽתְנַדְּבִים בָּעָם בָּרְכוּ יְהֹוָֽה׃        

My heart goes out to the scholars of Yisroel, who volunteered, among the people, "Bless Adonoy."

My heart goes out to the scholars of Yisroel, who volunteered, among the people, "Bless Adonoy."

Rashi

לבי. אני דבורה לחוקקי ישראל, לאהוב את חכמי ישראל שהתנדבו בעם, לאמר: ברכו את ה' ושובו אליו:

My heart. I, Devorah, [my heart is out] to the legislators of Yisroel—with affection for the sages of Yisroel who volunteered, among the people, saying, "Bless Adonoy, return to Him".

5:10

רֹכְבֵי אֲתֹנוֹת צְחֹרוֹת        יֹשְׁבֵי עַל־מִדִּין וְהֹלְכֵי עַל־דֶּרֶךְ שִֽׂיחוּ׃        

You who ride on white donkeys, jurists and wayfarers, speak up!.

You who ride on white donkeys, jurists and wayfarers, speak up!.

Rashi

רכבי אתנות צחורות. הסוחרים והשרים שירכבו מעתה על אתונות לבנות החשובות, מבלי יראה ודאגת אויביהם, ואותן שיושבין על מדין, לשון דיינים, שהיו יראים לעשות משפט בפרהסיא, וכן תרגם יונתן: דהוו מתחברין למיתב על דינא, ואותן שהולכין רגלי על דרך, שיחו וספרו את התשועה הזאת, אשר מקול המחצצים אתכם, אורבים, ליסטים ומוכסין, היושבין גדודים במערכות לארוב בעברי המים, שם יתנו עתה רוכבי האתונות והולכי על דרך את צדקות ה', ומה הן הצדקות (פסוק יא) צדקות פרזנו בישראל שהשקיט את ישראל, לשכון פרזון ולצאת מפוזרים ביחידי, שלא באסיפת עם:

Riders of white donkeys. Merchants and gentry who may now ride elegant, white donkeys without intimidation or concern about their enemies. And jurists—this refers to the magistrates who were afraid to deliver judgement publicly, as Targum Yonasan's translates, "Those who assembled to sit in judgement". And wayfarers on foot. Speak up! Recount this salvation, when, in place of the clamor of the formations battling you—marauders, thieves, tax processors, who station themselves in battle formations organized to waylay those crossing to watering places—there, the donkey riders and wayfarers will retell Adonoy's charity. What is this charity? The charity of His restoration of exposure in Yisroel, when He brought tranquility to Yisroel, allowing them to dwell in exposed cities, and to venture forth when dipersed,12The Talmud (Pesachim, 87:b) reads פּֽרָזוֹן, lit. “exposure”, as פִּזְרוֹן, “dispersion”. Rashi follows this interpretation. singly, without grouping together. Then, they went down to the cities, returning to the cities they had inhabited when they fled to congregate in the fortified cities.

5:11

מִקּוֹל מְחַֽצְצִים בֵּין מַשְׁאַבִּים        שָׁם יְתַנּוּ צִדְקוֹת יְהֹוָה        צִדְקֹת פִּרְזוֹנוֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל        אָז יָֽרְדוּ לַשְּׁעָרִים עַם־יְהֹוָֽה׃        

In place of the clamor of battle formations amidst the watering places, let them retell, there, Adonoy's righteousness, the charity of His restoration of open cities in Yisroel—Adonoy's nation then went down to the cities.

In place of the clamor of battle formations amidst the watering places, let them retell, there, Adonoy's righteousness, the charity of His restoration of open cities in Yisroel—Adonoy's nation then went down to the cities.

Rashi

מחצצים. פתר מנחם: עורכי מלחמה וסודרי קרב, וחברו עם (משלי ל כז): מלך אין לארבה ויצא חצץ כולו, לשון גדודים. דבר אחר:

Battle formations. Menachem interprets "strategists, military tactitians."13Meaning “the battle formations organized by strategists and tactitians.” He relates this to "The locust has no king, yet he advances entirely 'in formation'."14Mishlei, 30:27. The meaning is 'battle formations." Another interpretation,15Both interpretations appear in Targum Yonasan.

מקול מחצצים בין משאבים. כשהייתם הולכים בין משאבים לשאוב מים, הייתם יראים מקול אבנים, חלוקי הנחל, קיזל"ש בלע"ז, שהעובר עליהם נשמע קולם, והייתם יראים שלא ירגישו בכם אויביכם, מעכשיו אין לחוש על זאת, ומשום הכי מצוה עליכם ליתן הודיה לשמו:

Concerning the clatter of pebbles amidst the watering places. When you would walk amidst the watering places to draw water, you were terrified by the clatter of the pebbles smoothed by the stream, "cailloux" in old French. When stepped on, they emit a noise, and you were afraid that your presence would be sensed by your enemies. Now, however, such fears are baseless, and this is why you are commanded to offer thanks to His Name.

מחצצים. לשון אבני חלוקי הנחל, כמו (איכה ג טז) ויגרס בחצץ:

Pebbles. This refers to pebbles smoothed by a stream, as in "He ground with pebbles."16Eichah, 3:16.

אז ירדו לשערים. חזרו לערי מושבותם שברחו מהם ליאסף אל ערי המבצר:

5:12

עוּרִי עוּרִי דְּבוֹרָה        עוּרִי עוּרִי דַּבְּרִי־שִׁיר        קוּם בָּרָק וּֽשְׁבֵה שֶׁבְיְךָ בֶּן־אֲבִינֹֽעַם׃        

Awaken, awaken, Devorah, awaken, awaken, speak in song. Rise, Barak, capture your prisoners, son of Avinoam.

Awaken, awaken, Devorah, awaken, awaken, speak in song. Rise, Barak, capture your prisoners, son of Avinoam.

Rashi

עורי עורי דבורה. לשון שבח כפשוטו, התגברי בשירתך ורבותינו אמרו (פסחים סו ב) מפני שנתהללה ואמרה (פסוק ז) עד שקמתי דבורה, נסתלקה הימנה רוח הקודש:

Awaken, awaken. The inference is, "awaken to praise," as plainly indicated. "Intensify your singing." However, the Rabbis remark,17Pesachim, 66:b. because she was self lauditory and said, "Until I rose, Devorah,"18Thereby favoring herself over the leaders who preceded her. (Rashi to Pesachim, ibid.) the Divine spirit departed from her.19Silencing her song (Rashi to Pesachim, ibid). It was now necessary for her to reinvoke the prophetic spirit by saying, “Awake, awake.”

5:13

אָז יְרַד שָׂרִיד לְאַדִּירִים עָם        יְהֹוָה יְרַד־לִי בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃        

Then, the survivor dominated the powerful of the nations. Adonoy gave me dominion over the mighty.

Then, the survivor dominated the powerful of the nations. Adonoy gave me dominion over the mighty.

Rashi

אז ירד שריד לאדירים. ירד - ירדה, כמו (ישעיהו מה א) לרד לפניו גוים, שרידי ישראל רדו באדירי הגוים:

Dominated.יְרַד is similar to יִרְדֶה, "dominated,"20יָרַד is translated as descended. יְרַד, however, means dominated. as in "to prostrate nations before him."21To give him dominion over them. (Yeshayah, 45:1.) The surviving Yisroelites dominated the mighty among the idolators.

ה' ירד לי בגבורים. ירדה לי את גבורי הגוים:

Adonoy empowered me over the mighty. Gave me dominion22See fn.19. over the mighty warriors among the nations.

5:14

מִנִּי אֶפְרַיִם שׇׁרְשָׁם בַּעֲמָלֵק        אַחֲרֶיךָ בִנְיָמִין בַּעֲמָמֶיךָ        מִנִּי מָכִיר יָֽרְדוּ מְחֹקְקִים        וּמִזְּבוּלֻן מֹשְׁכִים בְּשֵׁבֶט סֹפֵֽר׃        

They are rooted in Ephraim [those who fought] against Amoleik. Your successor, Binyomin, shall extinguish them like flickering embers. From Machir descended warlords, from Zevulun wielders of the staff of the scribe.

They are rooted in Ephraim [those who fought] against Amoleik. Your successor, Binyomin, shall extinguish them like flickering embers. From Machir descended warlords, from Zevulun wielders of the staff of the scribe.

Rashi

מני אפרים. מן אפרים יצא שורש יהושע בן נון, לרדות בעמלק לחלש אותו לפי חרב, ומחובר מקרא זה לעליון, לפרש: ה' ירד לי בגבורים, את יהושע הקים לרד בעמלק:

In Ephraim. From Ephraim emerged the root of Yehoshua bin Nun's dominance over Amaleik23 Yehoshua was descended from Ephraim, son of Yoseif, and Amaleik was a descendant of Eisov. Scripture states, “The house of Yaakov shall be fire, the house of Yoseif flame, the house of Eisov chaff” [Ovadiah, 18], teaching that the descendants of Yoseif shall devour the descendants of Eisov as flame consumes chaff. (Yalkut, 51. Cf. Rashi to Bereishis, 30:25) when he debilitated them with the sword.24Shemos, 17:13. This passage is related to the preceding one, as it explains "Adonoy empowered me over the mighty" by establishing Yehoshua's dominance over Amaleik.

אחריך. יקום משבט בנימין שאול בן קיש שיגרמנו ויעמם אותו כגחלים עוממות ויש לפתור: 'בעממיך', בחיל של מאתים אלף רגלי שבא שאול עליהם:

Your successor shall arise from the tribe of Binyomin.25Like Yoseif, Binyomin was a child of Rochel, and Eisov is destined to fall by the power of Rochel’s descendants. (Yalkut, ibid.) Shaul ben Kish, who will batter them26Shmuel 1, 15:7. This took place during the time of the prophet Shmuel, after the days of Devorah and the Shoftim. Her remarks here are prophetic. (Radak) and extinguish them like flickering embers. Another interpretation: "with your people,27“Your succesor, with your people.” referring to the army of two hundred thousand infantrymen which Shaul mobilized against them.28 I Shmuel 15:4.

מני מכיר ירדו מחקקים. שרים גדולים שכבשו את האמורי, אשר כבשו (דברים ג ד) ששים עיר כל חבל ארגוב שכבש יאיר:

From Mochir descended warlords. Great lords who vanquished the Emorites. They captured sixty cities—the entire imperial zone conquered by Yair.29Ben Menashe. (Bemidbar, 32:41, Devarim, 3:14).

5:15

וְשָׂרַי בְּיִשָּׂשכָר עִם־דְּבֹרָה        וְיִשָּׂשכָר כֵּן בָּרָק בָּעֵמֶק שֻׁלַּח בְּרַגְלָיו        בִּפְלַגּוֹת רְאוּבֵן גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵֽב׃        

Yesochar's nobles accompany Devorah, likewise, Yesochar was with Barak, dispatched to the valley, at his heels. However, In Reuven's mental reservation was great cunning.

Yesochar's nobles accompany Devorah, likewise, Yesochar was with Barak, dispatched to the valley, at his heels. However, In Reuven's mental reservation was great cunning.

Rashi

ושרי ביששכר. שרים שביששכר, הם סנהדראות עוסקין בתורה, (דברי הימים א יא לב) יודעי בינה לעתים, הם תמיד עם דבורה ללמד בישראל חק ומשפט:

Yesochar's nobles. The noblemen of Yesochar. This refers to members of the Sanhedrin who were engrossed in Torah study, and who knew and understood the times.30Divrei Hayamim (1, 12:32) lists, among King Davids followers, “Of the sons of Yesachar, who knew and understood the times.” They understood the nature of the events taking place in their times, and were, therefore, qualified to serve as King David’s advisors. (Rashi to Divrei Hayamim, there). Or, they were expertly versed in the calculations used in fixing the months and years of the Jewish calendar. They knew and understood the determination of the times of the calendar. (Yalkut, here, 52. See Rashi to Bereishis, 49:15) They constantly accompanied Devorah, teaching the Yisroelites the laws and precepts.

ושרי ביששכר. יו"ד זו טפילה היא ואינה משמשת כלום, והרי היא כיו"ד (תהלים ח ח) בהמות שדי, (ירמיהו כב יד) וקרע לו חלוני:

Yesochar's nobles. The "י" in שׇׂרַי [lit. "my" nobles] is ancillary, fulfilling no grammatic function. It is similar to the "י" in "the animals in the field,"31Tehilim, 8:8. שׇׂדַי, lit. “my” field, is translated as שׇׂדֶה, “the field.” or "he cut open, for himself, a window."32Yermiyahu, 22:14. חַלּוֹנַי, lit. “my windows,” is translated as חַלּוֹן, “the window.”

ויששכר כן ברק. ושאר העם של יששכר, כן הם עם ברק לכל אשר יצוה:

Yesochar with Barak. The remainder of Yesochar's constituency were likewise at Barak's disposal whenever he issued orders.

בעמק שלח ברגליו. שלחם בכל שליחותו, ולאסוף את העם ולכל צרכי המלחמה:

Dispatched to the valley at his heels. He dispatched them on all of his missions—to mobilize the people, and for all military needs.

בפלגות ראובן. אבל בחילוקי לבו של ראובן רבו חקקי לב. (תרגום:) נכלי ליבא, ערמומית, ומה היא ערמומיתו, ישב לו בין משפתי המלחמה לשמוע מי נוצח ויהיה עמו:

However, in Reuven's equivocation. However, in Reuven's ambiguity was great cunning. "Craftiness of heart,"33 This is Targum Yonasan’s translation. cunning. In what way was he cunning? He straddled the battle lines to learn who would emerge the victor so that he could join them.

5:16

לָמָּה יָשַׁבְתָּ בֵּין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתַיִם        לִשְׁמֹעַ שְׁרִקוֹת עֲדָרִים        לִפְלַגּוֹת רְאוּבֵן גְּדוֹלִים חִקְרֵי־לֵֽב׃        

Why did you straddle the boundary line, listening to the shrieking companies? In Reuven's equivocation was great cunning.

Why did you straddle the boundary line, listening to the shrieking companies? In Reuven's equivocation was great cunning.

Rashi

שרקות עדרים. לשמוע קול עדרי המלחמה, למי קול ענות גבורה ולמי קול ענות חלושה:

The shrieking companies. Listening to the sounds emitted by the companies engaged in battle, to determine which was the cry of triumph, and which the cry of defeat.

5:17

גִּלְעָד בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן שָׁכֵן        וְדָן לָמָּה יָגוּר אֳנִיּוֹת        אָשֵׁר יָשַׁב לְחוֹף יַמִּים        וְעַל מִפְרָצָיו יִשְׁכּֽוֹן׃        

Gilod dwelled beyond the Yardein; why does Don hoard into ships? Osher was settled at the sea coast, stationed at his exposures.

Gilod dwelled beyond the Yardein; why does Don hoard into ships? Osher was settled at the sea coast, stationed at his exposures.

Rashi

בעבר הירדן שכן. ולא בא אל המלחמה, וכן דן הכניס ממונו בספינות לעמוד ולברוח:

Is ensconced beyond the Yardein and never arrived at the battle front. Similarly, Dan hoarded his money into sea vessels, poised to escape.

ועל מפרציו. לשמור פרצות ארצו:

At his exposures. To defend his exposed territory.

5:18

זְבֻלוּן עַם חֵרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ        לָמוּת וְנַפְתָּלִי עַל מְרוֹמֵי שָׂדֶֽה׃        

Zevulun, a people who disdained life, accepting death. Likewise Naftoli at the high places of the field.

Zevulun, a people who disdained life, accepting death. Likewise Naftoli at the high places of the field.

Rashi

זבלון עם חרף וגו'. בזה נפשו והפקיר עצמו למות במלחמה עם ברק, וכן נפתלי על מרומי שדה על הר תבור:

Zevulun; a people who disdained, etc. They were contemptuous of their lives, and subjected themselves to death in battle with Barak. Likewise, Naftoli at the highland field on Mount Tovor.

5:19

בָּאוּ מְלָכִים נִלְחָמוּ        אָז נִלְחֲמוּ מַלְכֵי כְנַעַן        בְּתַעְנַךְ עַל־מֵי מְגִדּוֹ        בֶּצַע כֶּסֶף לֹא לָקָֽחוּ׃        

Monarchs came to do battle; Canaanite kings fought then, at Ta'anach to the waters of Megiddo, taking no mercenary reward.

Monarchs came to do battle; Canaanite kings fought then, at Ta'anach to the waters of Megiddo, taking no mercenary reward.

Rashi

בתענך על מי מגדו. תרגם יונתן: בתענך הוו שרן ומטן על מי מגדו, ראש המחנה בתענך ומגיע עד מי מגידו:

At Ta'anach to the waters of Megiddo. Targum Yonasan renders, "They were encamped at Ta'anach, and reached the waters of Megiddo." The upper section of the camp was at Ta'anach, and it extended to the waters of Megiddo.

בצע כסף לא לקחו. חנם באו לעזרת סיסרא, לא בקשו ממנו שכר:

Deigning no mercenary reward. They came to Sisera's assistance gratuitously—without requesting payment.

5:20

מִן־שָׁמַיִם נִלְחָמוּ        הַכּֽוֹכָבִים מִמְּסִלּוֹתָם נִלְחֲמוּ עִם־סִֽיסְרָֽא׃        

War was waged from heaven; the stars in their pathways waged war with Sisera.

War was waged from heaven; the stars in their pathways waged war with Sisera.

Rashi

מן שמים נלחמו. ואף הקדוש ברוך הוא שלח בם צבאיו שאינם רוצים שום שכר:

War was waged from heaven. The Holy One blessed is He, as well, dispatched His hosts against them. They, too, have no desire for any payment.

ממסלותם. ראש הכוכב בשמים וסופו בארץ, מכאן אמרו (תנחומא בראשית ה) עוביו של רקיע כאויר שבין שמים לארץ, שהכוכב תקוע ברקיע כמין נגר בדלת, מדת ארכו כעביו של רקיע, ומן המקרא שמעיד 'ממסילותם נלחמו', אנו שומעין שעוביו של רקיע כגובה שמים מן הארץ:

In their pathways. The upper tip of the star was in heaven, the bottom on earth. This teaches that the width of the firmament is equivalent to the distance between heaven and earth. For the star is suspended across the firmament like a sort of bolt across a door, its length measuring the same as the width of the firmament. From this passage, which attests that they waged war in their pathways, we learn that the width of the firmament is the same as the elevation of heaven from earth.34“In their pathways” indicates that the star remained in its celestial path during the battle on earth. Evidently, the tip of the star remained fixed in heaven, while the remainder swung downward so that the lower edge reached the earth and destroyed Sisera’s forces. Since the star now extended from heaven to earth normally reached across the firmament, we learn that the distance between the two areas is the same.

5:21

נַחַל קִישׁוֹן גְּרָפָם        נַחַל קְדוּמִים נַחַל קִישׁוֹן        תִּדְרְכִי נַפְשִׁי עֹֽז׃        

The stream of Kishon swept them away; the stream of antiquity, the stream of Kishon. My soul trampled power.

The stream of Kishon swept them away; the stream of antiquity, the stream of Kishon. My soul trampled power.

Rashi

גרפם. טאטם מן העולם, כמגרפה זו שגורפת את האפר מן הכירה:

Swept them away. It brushed them from the world like a broom which brushes ashes from an oven.

נחל קדומים. שנעשה ערב לים על זה מימות מצרים, כדאיתא בפסחים (קיח ב):

The stream of antiquity. It guaranteed the obligation to the sea concerning this, from the days of Egypt,35In the days of antiquity, during the exodus from Egypt. as stated in Pesachim.36 118:b. When the Egyptians drowned at the splitting of the Reed Sea, Adonoy ordered the sea to cast their bodies onto the shore, to prove to the Yisroelites that they had perished. The sea objected, claiming the bodies as its due, and consented only when Kishon stream guaranteed repayment of the obligation. Kishon now fulfilled the guarantee, by sweeping Sisera’s forces into the sea.

תדרכי נפשי. ברגלים את עוז גבורי כנען:

My soul trampled underfoot the power of the mighty Canaanite warriors.

5:22

אָז הָלְמוּ עִקְּבֵי־סוּס        מִֽדַּהֲרוֹת דַּהֲרוֹת אַבִּירָֽיו׃        

Horses' legs were then battered by the prancing—the prancing of their mighty.

Horses' legs were then battered by the prancing—the prancing of their mighty.

Rashi

הלמו עקבי סוס. נשתלפו טלפי סוסיהם, שהיה חום הכוכב מרתיח את הטיט והציפורן נשמטה, כמו שמולגין את הרגלים ברותחין והטלפים נשמטים, מתוך שנשתלפו נהלמו הרגלים:

Horses' legs were battered. Their horses' hooves were severed. The heat of the star brought the mud to a boil, severing the hooves, as when legs are scalded in boiling water to detach the hooves. Once the hooves were severed, the legs were battered.

מדהרות דהרות אביריו. שהיו מרקידים את סוסיהם במלחמה, כמו (נחום ג ב) וסוס דהר, הוא לשון הרקדת הסוס:

By the prancing, the prancing of their mighty. They pranced their horses in battle, as in "a prancing horse.37Nachum, 3:2. The word connotes the dancing of a horse.

5:23

אוֹרוּ מֵרוֹז אָמַר מַלְאַךְ יְהֹוָה אֹרוּ אָרוֹר יֹשְׁבֶיהָ        כִּי לֹֽא־בָאוּ לְעֶזְרַת יְהֹוָה        לְעֶזְרַת יְהֹוָה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃        

"Curse Meroz!" declares Adonoy's emissary, "Surely curse those who dwell in it!." For they failed to come to assist Adonoy, to assist Adonoy against the mighty warriors.

"Curse Meroz!" declares Adonoy's emissary, "Surely curse those who dwell in it!." For they failed to come to assist Adonoy, to assist Adonoy against the mighty warriors.

Rashi

אורו מרוז. אמרי לה כוכבא הוה, ואמרי לה גברא חשיבא הוה (מועד קטן טז א), והיה סמוך למקום המלחמה ולא בא:

Curse Meroz! One opinion is that this was a star.38Sisera’s protective star. (Rashi to Moed Katan, 16:a). According to others, this was a distinguished person who was near the battle field but failed to appear.39Moed Katan ibid.

אמר מלאך ה'. אמר ברק בשליחותו של הקדוש ברוך הוא:

Declares Adonoy's emissary. Barak made this declaration, as the emissary of the Holy One, blessed is He.

יושביה. היושבים בארבע אמות שלו (שם) בארבע מאות שפורי שמתיה ברק למרוז:

Those who dwell in it. Those who remain within his four amohs. With four hundred shofar blasts, Barak excommunicated Meroz.40Ibid.

לעזרת ה'. כביכול, שמי שהוא עוזר את ישראל, כעוזר את השכינה:

To assist Adonoy. As if it were possible,41 כביכול, “as if it were possible,” is used as a caveat when human qualities seem to be attributed to Adonoy. if anyone comes to Yisroel's assistance, it is as if he were assisting the Divine Presence.42Yalkut, 55.

5:24

תְּבֹרַךְ מִנָּשִׁים יָעֵל אֵשֶׁת חֶבֶר הַקֵּינִי        מִנָּשִׁים בָּאֹהֶל תְּבֹרָֽךְ׃        

Blessed by women is Yael, wife of Chever the Kenite, blessed by the women of the tent.

Blessed by women is Yael, wife of Chever the Kenite, blessed by the women of the tent.

Rashi

מנשים באהל. שרה, שנאמר בה (בראשית יח ט) הנה באהל. רבקה, שנאמר בה (שם כד סז) ויביאה יצחק האהלה. רחל ולאה, שנאמר בהן (שם לא לג) ויצא מאהל לאה וגו':

By the women of the tent. Sarah, of whom it is said, "Here she is, in the tent."43Bereishis, 18:9. Rivkah, of whom it is said, "Yitzchak brought her to the tent."44Ibid, 24:67. Rachel and Leah, of whom it is said, "He left Leah's tent and entered Rachel's tent."45Ibid, 31:33.

מנשים באהל תבורך. יעל למה - הן ילדו וגידלו, ואם לא יעל הרי הרשע הזה בא ומאבדן, כך הוא בבראשית רבה (מח טו). דבר אחר, אף יעל היתה יושבת אהלים, לפיכך הזכיר אותה בברכת אהלים:

Blessed by the women of the tent. Yael was blessed. Why? They bore and raised children. Were it not for Yael, this scoundrel would have annihilated them. This is taught in Breishis Rabbah.46 Another interpretation: Yael, as well, remained in the tent,47 and she is therefore, mentioned in the blessing of the women of the tents.

5:25

מַיִם שָׁאַל חָלָב נָתָנָה        בְּסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים הִקְרִיבָה חֶמְאָֽה׃        

He requested water, but she gave milk; in an ornate cup she brought butter.

He requested water, but she gave milk; in an ornate cup she brought butter.

Rashi

חלב נתנה. לדעת אם לבו עליו שיבין בין טעם מים לטעם חלב, כן תרגם יונתן:

But she gave milk to ascertain whether he was alert enough to differentiate between the taste of water and the taste of milk. This is Yonasan's rendition.

בספל אדירים. בספל ששותין בו מים, שהמים נקראו 'אדירים', שנאמר (שמות טו י) במים אדירים:

In a cup of the mighty. In a cup used for drinking water, for waters are described as "mighty", as it is said, "in mighty waters."48Shemos, 15:10.

5:26

יָדָהּ לַיָּתֵד תִּשְׁלַחְנָה        וִימִינָהּ לְהַלְמוּת עֲמֵלִים        וְהָלְמָה סִֽיסְרָא מָחֲקָה רֹאשׁוֹ        וּמָחֲצָה וְחָלְפָה רַקָּתֽוֹ׃        

She extended her hand to the peg, her right arm to batter the exhausted; she battered Sisera, penetrated his head, inflicted grievous injury, impaled his forehead.

She extended her hand to the peg, her right arm to batter the exhausted; she battered Sisera, penetrated his head, inflicted grievous injury, impaled his forehead.

Rashi

להלמות עמלים. סיסרא, שהיה עמל ויגע:

To batter the exhausted Sisera, who was exhausted, totally fatigued.

מחקה. לשון חיקוי:

Penetrated. From חִיקּוּי, "penetration".

ומחצה. לשון מחץ:

Inflicted grievous injury. From מַחַץ, "injury".

וחלפה. יוצא מצד אחר:

Impaled. It emerged from the other side.

5:27

בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כָּרַע נָפַל שָׁכָב        בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כָּרַע נָפָל        בַּאֲשֶׁר כָּרַע שָׁם נָפַל שָׁדֽוּד׃        

Between her legs he crumpled, toppled prostrate; between her legs he crumpled, toppled where he had crumpled. There he toppled, ensnared.

Between her legs he crumpled, toppled prostrate; between her legs he crumpled, toppled where he had crumpled. There he toppled, ensnared.

5:28

בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן נִשְׁקְפָה וַתְּיַבֵּב אֵם סִֽיסְרָא בְּעַד הָאֶשְׁנָב        מַדּוּעַ בֹּשֵׁשׁ רִכְבּוֹ לָבוֹא        מַדּוּעַ אֶֽחֱרוּ פַּעֲמֵי מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו׃        

Through the window, Sisera's mother watched, moaning, through the lattice. "Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why are the wheels of his chariot delayed?"

Through the window, Sisera's mother watched, moaning, through the lattice. "Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why are the wheels of his chariot delayed?"

Rashi

ותיבב. לשון דבור, כמו (ישעיהו יז יט) ניב שפתים ורבותינו פירשוהו (ראש השנה לג ב) לשון גניחה, כתרועה, דמתרגמינן 'יבבא' (ויקרא כג כד). ואני אומר: לשון ראייה, כמו (זכריה ב ב) בבת עיני, וכן חברו מנחם:

Moaning. The word refers to expressing speech, as in "the expression of the lips."49Yeshaya, 57:19. However, the Rabbis50Rosh Hashona 33:b. interpret this as referring to moaning, as in the shofar's "teruah" sound, translated יַבָּבָא, "moan".51Bemidbar, 29:1. In my opinion, the reference is to seeing, as in "the pupil of his eye."52Zechariah, 2:12. This is Menachem's interpretation.

אשנב. חלון:

A window.

5:29

חַכְמוֹת שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ תַּעֲנֶינָּה        אַף־הִיא תָּשִׁיב אֲמָרֶיהָ לָֽהּ׃        

The wise among her ladies responded to her; indeed, she stated, in reply to herself:

The wise among her ladies responded to her; indeed, she stated, in reply to herself:

Rashi

חכמות שרותיה תענינה. החכמות שבשרותיה, לכך נקוד חי"ת פת"ח, חכמות שהוא שם דבר נקוד חט"ף קמ"ץ, כמו (משלי יד א) ראמות לאויל חכמות, וזה נקוד חכמות, וכן (שם יד א) חכמות נשים בנתה ביתה, חכמות שבנשים:

The wise among her ladies responded to her. The wise ones53Not “the wisdoms of her ladies.” The vocalization indicates that the proper translation is “the wise ones,” rather than “the wisdoms,” as Rashi explains. among her ladies. This is why the "ח" is vocalized with a "pasach". The plural noun, lit. "wisdoms" is vocalized with the half-kametz, as in "Wisdoms are remote gems to the foolish."54Mishlei, 24:7. Here, the vocalization is חַכְמוֹת. Similarly, "The wise among women has constructed her home."55Mishlei, 14:1. The wise one among the women.

תענינה. דגשות של נו"ן משמשת במקום נו"ן שלישית, ופתרונו תענינה אותה, דגשות נו"ן משמשת במקום 'אותה', כמו (ויקרא ו יד) מרבכת תביאנה:

Responded. The period punctuating the נ serves as a substitute for a third נ.56The third person feminine plural for “response” is תַּעֲנׇנׇה, “they responded”. Also, as a general rule, the suffix נה is added as a contraction of אוֹתׇהּ, “to her.” Thus, “they responded to her” should actually read וַתַּעֲנׇנׇה, with the נ tripled. However, Rashi notes, Scripture drops the third נ, and punctuates the second נ with a period to represent the missing letter. Hence, the translation is "[the wise ones] responded 'to her.'" The period punctuating נ serves as a substitute for "her",57 A punctuated נ may appear where no letter has been dropped. Then, its purpose is to represent a contraction of אוֹתהּ, “her”. as in "you shall bring 'her' scalded."58Vayikra, 6:14. This refers to the feminine מִנְחָה.

אף היא תשיב אמריה. תנחומין לעצמה: מה אני מתמה תמיה על עכוב בני:

Indeed, she stated in reply. She consoled herself. Why should I keep wondering about my son's delay?

5:30

הֲלֹא יִמְצְאוּ יְחַלְּקוּ שָׁלָל        רַחַם רַחֲמָתַיִם לְרֹאשׁ גֶּבֶר        שְׁלַל צְבָעִים לְסִיסְרָא        שְׁלַל צְבָעִים רִקְמָה        צֶבַע רִקְמָתַיִם לְצַוְּארֵי שָׁלָֽל׃        

Are they not finding and dividing the pillage? A womb [woman] or two for each man, richly colored pillage for Sisera, richly colored embroidered pillage. Richly colored embroidery for the necks of the pillagers.

Are they not finding and dividing the pillage? A womb [woman] or two for each man, richly colored pillage for Sisera, richly colored embroidered pillage. Richly colored embroidery for the necks of the pillagers.

Rashi

הלא ימצאו יחלקו שלל. והוא מעכבן:

Are they not finding and dividing the pillage? That is the cause of the delay.

רחמתים לראש גבר. מענים נשים יפות בישראל, וכל איש מהם יש לו במטתו שתים ושלש נשים:

Or two [wombs] for each man. They are ravishing the attractive Yisroelite women, and each of them has, in his bed, two or three women.

5:31

כֵּן יֹאבְדוּ כׇל־אוֹיְבֶיךָ יְהֹוָה וְאֹהֲבָיו כְּצֵאת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָתוֹ        וַתִּשְׁקֹט הָאָרֶץ אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָֽה׃ {פ}

So may all your enemies perish, Adonoy; but those who love him—[shall be as radiant] as the sun emerging in its full power. The land was tranquil for forty years.

So may all your enemies perish, Adonoy; but those who love him—[shall be as radiant] as the sun emerging in its full power. The land was tranquil for forty years.

Rashi

כן יאבדו. דבורה אמרה: תנחומין של הבל הן לה, כן יאבדו כל אויביך ה', כאשר אבד הוא:

So may perish. Devorah declared,59Our verse was not recited by Sisera’s mother, but by Devorah. (Yalkut, 58.) her consolation is hollow—may all your enemies perish, Adonoy, as he perished.

ואהביו כצאת השמש בגברתו. לעתיד לבא, (ישעיהו ל כו) שבעתים כאור שבעת הימים, שהיא על אחת שלש מאות וארבעים ושלש כמספר ארבעים ותשע שביעיות:

But those who love him—as the sun emerging in its full power in the world to come, sevenfold over the light of the seven days of creation, or three hundred forty three to one. This equals forty nine times seven.60Sevenfold over the light of all seven days of creation is equivalent to forty nine-fold over the original light of creation. (Rashi to Zechariah, 4:3). The light of creation was sevenfold over our present light. (Tosafos to Bava Basra, 8:b). Hence, the light of the world to come will be one hundred forty three times as great as our present light.

ותשקט הארץ. אין זה מדברי דבורה אלא מדברי כותב הספר:

The land was tranquil for forty years. These words are not Devorah's, but the author's.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: On Your Way · License: PD

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