Tanach
Tzefanyah 1 צפניה א׳
Part of: Setumah, Zephaniah 1:12
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דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה ׀ אֲשֶׁר הָיָה אֶל־צְפַנְיָה בֶּן־כּוּשִׁי בֶן־גְּדַלְיָה בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָה בֶּן־חִזְקִיָּה בִּימֵי יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ בֶן־אָמוֹן מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃
The word of the Lord which came to Żefanya the son of Kushi, the son of Gedalya, the son of Amarya, the son of Ḥizqiyya, in the days of Yoshiyyahu the son of Amon, king of Yehuda.
The word of the Lord which came to Żefanya the son of Kushi, the son of Gedalya, the son of Amarya, the son of Ḥizqiyya, in the days of Yoshiyyahu the son of Amon, king of Yehuda.
אָסֹף אָסֵף כֹּל מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃
I will utterly consume all things from off the face of the earth, says the Lord.
I will utterly consume all things from off the face of the earth, says the Lord.
Rashi
אָסֵף אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה אָסֵף עוֹף־הַשָּׁמַיִם וּדְגֵי הַיָּם וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלוֹת אֶת־הָרְשָׁעִים וְהִכְרַתִּי אֶת־הָאָדָם מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃
I will consume man and beast; I will consume the birds of the sky, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumbling-blocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the face of the earth, says the Lord.
I will consume man and beast; I will consume the birds of the sky, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumbling-blocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the face of the earth, says the Lord.
Rashi
וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלוֹת אֶת הָרְשָׁעִים. הֵם הָעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת.
and the stumbling blocks with the wicked They are the pagan deities.
וְנָטִיתִי יָדִי עַל־יְהוּדָה וְעַל כׇּל־יוֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלָ͏ִם וְהִכְרַתִּי מִן־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה אֶת־שְׁאָר הַבַּעַל אֶת־שֵׁם הַכְּמָרִים עִם־הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃
I will also stretch out my hand upon Yehuda, and upon all the inhabitants of Yerushalayim; and I will cut off the remnant of the Ba῾al from this place, and the name of the idolatrous priests with the priests;
I will also stretch out my hand upon Yehuda, and upon all the inhabitants of Yerushalayim; and I will cut off the remnant of the Ba῾al from this place, and the name of the idolatrous priests with the priests;
Rashi
אֶת שְׁאָר הַבַּעַל. שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא שְׁאֵרִית לְזִכְרוֹנוֹ.
the remnant of Baal that there shall be no remnant of its remembrance.
הַכְּמָרִים עִם הַכֹּהֲנִים. ״פַּלְחֵיהוֹן עִם כּוּמְרֵיהֶם״.
the name of the idolatrous priests with the ancillary priests Their worshippers with their priests.
וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִים עַל־הַגַּגּוֹת לִצְבָא הַשָּׁמָיִם וְאֶת־הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים לַֽיהֹוָה וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִים בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃
and those who worship the host of heaven upon the housetops; and those who worship, who swear to the Lord, and who yet swear by Malkam;
and those who worship the host of heaven upon the housetops; and those who worship, who swear to the Lord, and who yet swear by Malkam;
Rashi
וְאֶת הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים לַה׳. וְחוֹזְרִים וְנִשְׁבָּעִים בְּמַלְכָּם, בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלָּהֶם. עוֹשִׂין עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה עִקָּר, לוֹמַר: אִם אֵין אַתָּה מַאֲמִין בִּשְׁבוּעַת ה׳, הֲרֵינִי נִשְׁבָּע לְךָ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.
who swear by the Lord and go back and swear by their king, their pagan deity. They make the pagan deity the main one, saying, “If you do not believe the oath by God, I swear to you by the pagan deity.”
וְאֶת־הַנְּסוֹגִים מֵאַחֲרֵי יְהֹוָה וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא־בִקְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהֹוָה וְלֹא דְרָשֻֽׁהוּ׃
and those who are turned back from the Lord: and who have not sought the Lord, nor inquired for him.
and those who are turned back from the Lord: and who have not sought the Lord, nor inquired for him.
הַס מִפְּנֵי אֲדֹנָי יֱהֹוִה כִּי קָרוֹב יוֹם יְהֹוָה כִּֽי־הֵכִין יְהֹוָה זֶבַח הִקְדִּישׁ קְרֻאָֽיו׃
Hold thy peace at the presence of the Lord God: for the day of the Lord is at hand: for the Lord has prepared a festal meal, he has bid his guests.
Hold thy peace at the presence of the Lord God: for the day of the Lord is at hand: for the Lord has prepared a festal meal, he has bid his guests.
Rashi
הִקְדִּישׁ קְרֻאָיו. זִמֵּן חֵילוֹתָיו לְיוֹם מוֹעֵד.
He has invited His guests He prepared His armies for the appointed day.
וְהָיָה בְּיוֹם זֶבַח יְהֹוָה וּפָקַדְתִּי עַל־הַשָּׂרִים וְעַל־בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְעַל כׇּל־הַלֹּבְשִׁים מַלְבּוּשׁ נׇכְרִֽי׃
And it shall come to pass on the day of the Lord’s feast, that I will punish the princes, and the king’s children, and all such as are clothed in foreign apparel.
And it shall come to pass on the day of the Lord’s feast, that I will punish the princes, and the king’s children, and all such as are clothed in foreign apparel.
Rashi
מַלְבּוּשׁ נָכְרִי. תַּכְשִׁיטֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.
gentile garb Ornaments of the idols.
וּפָקַדְתִּי עַל כׇּל־הַדּוֹלֵג עַל־הַמִּפְתָּן בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא הַֽמְמַלְאִים בֵּית אֲדֹנֵיהֶם חָמָס וּמִרְמָֽה׃
And on the same day I will punish all those who leap over the threshold, who fill their masters’ house with violence and deceit.
And on the same day I will punish all those who leap over the threshold, who fill their masters’ house with violence and deceit.
Rashi
הַדּוֹלֵג עַל הַמִּפְתָּן. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״דְּמְהַלְכִין בְּנִימוּסֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי״, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ דּוֹרְכִים עַל מִפְתַּן דָּגוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עַל כֵּן לֹא יִדְרְכוּ כֹהֲנֵי דָגוֹן וְגוֹ׳״ (שמואל א ה:ה).
who leaps over the threshold Jonathan renders: who follows the customs of the Philistines, who would not step on the threshold of Dagon, as it is stated (I Sam. 5:5): “Therefore, the priests of Dagon... do not tread, etc.”
וְהָיָה בַיּוֹם הַהוּא נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה קוֹל צְעָקָה מִשַּׁעַר הַדָּגִים וִֽילָלָה מִן־הַמִּשְׁנֶה וְשֶׁבֶר גָּדוֹל מֵהַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃
And it shall come to pass on that day, says the Lord, that there shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and a wailing from the second quarter, and a great crashing from the hills.
And it shall come to pass on that day, says the Lord, that there shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and a wailing from the second quarter, and a great crashing from the hills.
Rashi
מִשַּׁעַר הַדָּגִים. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״מִתְּרַע נוּנַיָּא״. וְשַׁעַר הָיָה בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְכָךְ שְׁמוֹ.
from the fish gate Jonathan renders: from the gate of the fish; there was a gate in Jerusalem called by that name.
מִן הַמִּשְׁנֶה. מִשַּׁעַר הָעוֹפוֹת שֶׁהוּא שֵׁנִי לוֹ.
from the second gate from the gate of the fowl, which was second to it [the fish gate].
הֵילִילוּ יֹשְׁבֵי הַמַּכְתֵּשׁ כִּי נִדְמָה כׇּל־עַם כְּנַעַן נִכְרְתוּ כׇּל־נְטִילֵי כָֽסֶף׃ {ס}
Wail, you inhabitants of Makhtesh, for all the merchant peoples are undone; all that weigh silver are cut off.
Wail, you inhabitants of Makhtesh, for all the merchant peoples are undone; all that weigh silver are cut off.
Rashi
יֹשְׁבֵי הַמַּכְתֵּשׁ. ״נַחֲלָא דְקִדְרוֹן״, שֶׁעֲמֻקָּה כְּמַכְתֶּשֶׁת זֶה, תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה: מִשַּׁעַר הַדָּגִים – זוֹ עַכּוֹ הַנְּתוּנָה בְּחֵיקוֹ שֶׁל הַיָּם, שֶׁשָּׁם נְצוֹדִים דָּגִים הַרְבֵּה.
you inhabitants of Maktesh The Kidron Valley, which is as deep as a mortar. This is according to Targum Jonathan. from the fish gate This is Acre, situated in the bosom of the sea, where many fish are caught.
מִן הַמִּשְׁנֶה. לוֹד, שֶׁהִיא מִשְׁנֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם.
from the Mishneh This is Lod, which is second to Jerusalem.
מֵהַגְּבָעוֹת. זוֹ צִפּוֹרִי, שֶׁיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּרָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים כְּצִפּוֹר.
from the hills This is Sepphoris, which is situated at the tops of the mountains like a bird.
יֹשְׁבֵי הַמַּכְתֵּשׁ. זוֹ טְבֶרְיָא, שֶׁעֲמוּקָה מִכָּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל.
inhabitants of Maktesh This is Tiberias, which is deeper than all of [the rest of] the land of Israel.
כִּי נִדְמָה כָּל עַם כְּנַעַן. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״אֲרֵי אֲתַר כָּל עַמָּא דְּדָמֵי עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן לְעוֹבְדֵי עַמָּא דְאַרְעָא דִכְנָעַן״.
for the entire people of Canaan is cut off Jonathan renders: For the entire nation, whose deeds resemble the deeds of the people of the land of Canaan, has been broken.
כָּל נְטִילֵי כֶסֶף. ״כָּל עֲתִּירֵי נִכְסַיָּא״ טְעוּנֵי מַשָּׂא כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב, כְּמוֹ (משלי כז:ג) ״כֹּבֶד הָאֶבֶן וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל״, לְשׁוֹן ׳מַשָּׂא׳.
all those laden with silver Jonathan renders: All those wealthy with property, laden with a burden of silver and gold; as in (Prov. 27:3) “The weight of stone, the burden of sand” an expression of a burden.
וְהָיָה בָּעֵת הַהִיא אֲחַפֵּשׂ אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בַּנֵּרוֹת וּפָקַדְתִּי עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַקֹּֽפְאִים עַל־שִׁמְרֵיהֶם הָאֹֽמְרִים בִּלְבָבָם לֹא־יֵיטִיב יְהֹוָה וְלֹא יָרֵֽעַ׃
And it shall come to pass at that time, that I will search Yerushalayim with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their lees: that say in their heart, The Lord does neither good, nor evil.
And it shall come to pass at that time, that I will search Yerushalayim with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their lees: that say in their heart, The Lord does neither good, nor evil.
Rashi
אֲחַפֵּשׂ אֶת יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בַּנֵּרוֹת. אֲדַקְדֵּק בַּעֲוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם.
I will search Jerusalem with candles I will judge their iniquities strictly.
הַקֹּפְאִים. הַצָּפִים עַל שִׁמְרֵיהֶם. ״וַיָּצֶף הַבַּרְזֶל״ (מלכים ב ו:ו) מְתַרְגְּמִינַן: ״וּקְפָא פַרְזְלָא״.
who are settled float on their lees. [As in] (II Kings 6:6) “And the axe blade floated,” rendered in Aramaic: וּקְפָא פַרְזְלָה.
הָאֹמְרִים בִּלְבָבָם לֹא יֵיטִיב ה׳. לְעוֹשֵׂי רְצוֹנוֹ.
who say in their heart, “The Lord shall do neither good...” to those who obey His will.
וְלֹא יָרֵעַ. לְעוֹבְרֵי רְצוֹנוֹ.
nor harm to those who transgress His will.
וְהָיָה חֵילָם לִמְשִׁסָּה וּבָתֵּיהֶם לִשְׁמָמָה וּבָנוּ בָתִּים וְלֹא יֵשֵׁבוּ וְנָטְעוּ כְרָמִים וְלֹא יִשְׁתּוּ אֶת־יֵינָֽם׃
Therefore their wealth shall become a prey, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine of them.
Therefore their wealth shall become a prey, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine of them.
קָרוֹב יוֹם־יְהֹוָה הַגָּדוֹל קָרוֹב וּמַהֵר מְאֹד קוֹל יוֹם יְהֹוָה מַר צֹרֵחַ שָׁם גִּבּֽוֹר׃
The great day of the Lord is near, it is near, and hastens greatly, the sound of the day of the Lord: the mighty man shall cry there bitterly.
The great day of the Lord is near, it is near, and hastens greatly, the sound of the day of the Lord: the mighty man shall cry there bitterly.
Rashi
מַר צֹרֵחַ שָׁם גִּבּוֹר. הַגִּבּוֹר יִצְרַח שָׁם בְּקוֹל מַר.
wherein the mighty man cries bitterly The mighty man will cry out with a bitter voice.
יוֹם עֶבְרָה הַיּוֹם הַהוּא יוֹם צָרָה וּמְצוּקָה יוֹם שֹׁאָה וּמְשׁוֹאָה יוֹם חֹשֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָה יוֹם עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃
That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of ruin and desolation, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness.
That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of ruin and desolation, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness.
Rashi
יוֹם שׁוֹאָה. לְשׁוֹן ׳שִׁמָּמוֹן׳.
a day of ruin, an expression of desolation.
וּמְשׁוֹאָה. שִׁמָּמוֹן יוֹתֵר.
and desolation A greater degree of desolation.
יוֹם שׁוֹפָר וּתְרוּעָה עַל הֶעָרִים הַבְּצֻרוֹת וְעַל הַפִּנּוֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃
A day of shofar and alarm against the fortified cities, and against the high towers.
A day of shofar and alarm against the fortified cities, and against the high towers.
וַהֲצֵרֹתִי לָאָדָם וְהָֽלְכוּ כַּֽעִוְרִים כִּי לַֽיהֹוָה חָטָאוּ וְשֻׁפַּךְ דָּמָם כֶּעָפָר וּלְחֻמָם כַּגְּלָלִֽים׃
And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like blind men, because they have sinned against the Lord: and their blood shall be poured out like dust, and their flesh like dung.
And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like blind men, because they have sinned against the Lord: and their blood shall be poured out like dust, and their flesh like dung.
Rashi
וַהֲצֵרֹתִי לָאָדָם. לְיִשְׂרָאֵל הַקְּרוּיִים אָדָם.
And I will bring distress upon men Upon Israel, who is called “man.”
וּלְחֻמָּם. בְּשָׂרָם. וּלְשׁוֹן עַרְבִי, בָּשָׂר קוֹרִין ׳אַל לַחַם׳.
and their flesh their flesh. In Arabic, flesh is called al laham.
כַּגְּלָלִים. רְעִי.
like dung dung.
גַּם־כַּסְפָּם גַּם־זְהָבָם לֹא־יוּכַל לְהַצִּילָם בְּיוֹם עֶבְרַת יְהֹוָה וּבְאֵשׁ קִנְאָתוֹ תֵּאָכֵל כׇּל־הָאָרֶץ כִּֽי־כָלָה אַךְ־נִבְהָלָה יַעֲשֶׂה אֵת כׇּל־יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {ס}
Nor shall their silver or their gold be able to deliver them on the day of the Lord’s wrath; but the whole land will be devoured by the fire of his jealousy: for he shall make an end, indeed, a frightful end of all that dwell in the land.
Nor shall their silver or their gold be able to deliver them on the day of the Lord’s wrath; but the whole land will be devoured by the fire of his jealousy: for he shall make an end, indeed, a frightful end of all that dwell in the land.
אָסֹף אָסֵף. לְשׁוֹן ׳כִּלָּיוֹן׳, כְּמוֹ (שופטים יח:כה) ״וְאָסַפְתָּ אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ״ דְּמִיכָה. וְאָלֶ״ף חֲסֵרָה בְּתֵיבָה שְׁנִיָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב ״אֶאֱסֹף״, אֲבָל יֵשׁ כָּאֵלֶּה הַרְבֵּה, כְּמוֹ ״לֹא יָהֵל שָׁם עֲרָבִי״ (ישעיהו יג:כ), שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ ״לֹא יֶאֱהַל״.
I will totally destroy An expression of destruction, as in (Jud. 18:25) “and you will lose your life,” mentioned regarding Micah. The “aleph” is defective in the second word, for it should have been written אֶאֱסֹף There are many [defective alephs] like these, as in (Isa. 13:20) “no Arab shall pitch his tent there,” which is like יֶאֱהַל.