Tanach
Vayikra 5:14-16 ויקרא ה׳:י״ד-ט״ז
Part of: VayikraVayikra, Aliyah 7Chapter 5
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;
נֶפֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִמְעֹל מַעַל וְחָֽטְאָה בִּשְׁגָגָה מִקׇּדְשֵׁי יְהֹוָה וְהֵבִיא אֶת־אֲשָׁמוֹ לַֽיהֹוָה אַיִל תָּמִים מִן־הַצֹּאן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִים בְּשֶֽׁקֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְאָשָֽׁם׃
If a person wrongfully deviates and unwittingly sins [by using the] sacred property of Adonoy, he shall bring his guilt-offering to Adonoy, an unblemished ram, from the sheep, based on the valuation of holy silver shekalim, for a guilt-offering.
If a person wrongfully deviates and unwittingly sins [by using the] sacred property of Adonoy, he shall bring his guilt-offering to Adonoy, an unblemished ram, from the sheep, based on the valuation of holy silver shekalim, for a guilt-offering.
Rashi
וחטאה בשגגה מקדשי ה'. שֶׁנֶּהֱנָה מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ; וְהֵיכָן הֻזְהַר? נֶאֱמַר כָּאן חֵטְא, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן חֵטְא בִּתְרוּמָה, וְלֹא יִשְֹאוּ עָלָיו חֵטְא (ויקרא כ"ב), מַה לְּהַלָּן הִזְהִיר, אַף כָּאן הִזְהִיר; אִי מַה לְּהַלָּן לֹא הִזְהִיר אֶלָּא עַל הָאוֹכֵל, אַף כָּאן לֹא הִזְהִיר אֶלָּא עַל הָאוֹכֵל, תַּ"לֹ תִמְעֹל מַעַל — רִבָּה (ספרא):
'וחטאה כשגגה מקדשי ה AND SIN IN ERROR, CONCERNING THE HOLY THINGS OF THE LORD — i. e. that one has derived some benefit from (made use of) a holy thing. And where is this prohibited, that Scripture should describe it here as sin? But the expression חטא is mentioned here and חטא is mentioned further on in the case of misuse of תרומה (Leviticus 22:9): “[They — the priests — shall therefore keep my charge] not to eat תרומה when they are in a state of uncleanness: (see Rashi thereon), lest they bear sin (חטא) for it”. How is it there? Scripture forbids it! (See Rashi on Leviticus 22:10). So here, too, by the term וחטאה it forbids it. (The translation is therefore: If a person commit a מעל, whereby it would be sinning even though it be in error). But if you should argue that the analogy may be put thus: How is it there? Scripture imposes the prohibition only upon one who would eat Terumah, so, too, here it imposes a prohibition only upon one who would eat of sacred things (וחטאה … 'מקדשי ה)! But Scripture uses here the double expression: תמעל מעל, and thereby it enlarges the scope of the prohibition to include a benefit (הנאה) of any description (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Chovah, Section 11 2; Meilah 18b).
מקדשי ה'. הַמְיֻחָדִים לַשֵּׁם, יָצְאוּ קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים (שם):
מקדשי ה׳ CONCERNING THE HOLY THINGS OF THE LORD — i.e. those which are specially assigned to the Lord; therefore sacrifices holy in a minor degree are excluded from this law (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Chovah, Chapter 20 1).
איל. לְשׁוֹן קָשֶׁה, כְּמוֹ וְאֶת אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ לָקָח (יחזקאל י"ז), אַף כָּאן קָשֶׁה — בֶּן שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים (ספרא):
איל is an expression for “strong”, “mighty”, as in (Ezekiel 17:13) “he hath also taken the mighty of (אילי) the land”.Here, too, איל means a ram which has grown strong, i. e. one two years old (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Chovah, Chapter 20 6; cf. Rashi on Genesis 31:38).
בערכך כסף שקלים. שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁוֶה שְׁתֵּי סְלָעִים:
בערכך כסף שקלים WITH THE VALUATION IN SHEKELS OF SILVER — This (the plural שקלים) implies that it must have the value of at least two shekels (cf. Keritot 10b).
וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר חָטָא מִן־הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּם וְאֶת־חֲמִֽישִׁתוֹ יוֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן אֹתוֹ לַכֹּהֵן וְהַכֹּהֵן יְכַפֵּר עָלָיו בְּאֵיל הָאָשָׁם וְנִסְלַח לֽוֹ׃ {פ}
That which he sinned [making use] of the sacred property, he shall pay for and add an additional fifth to that [amount] and give it to the kohein. The kohein will atone for him with the guilt-offering ram and he will be pardoned.
That which he sinned [making use] of the sacred property, he shall pay for and add an additional fifth to that [amount] and give it to the kohein. The kohein will atone for him with the guilt-offering ram and he will be pardoned.
Rashi
ואת אשר חטא מן הקדש ישלם. קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ:
הקדש ישלם מן חטא אשר ואת AND FOR THAT WHEREIN HE HATH SINNED IN THE HOLY THING HE SHALL PAY both the principal and the additional fifth to the Temple treasury (cf. Keritot 26b).
כי תמעל מעל. אֵין מְעִילָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם אֶלָּא שִׁנּוּי, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר וַיִּמְעֲלוּ בֵאלֹהֵי אֲבֹתֵיהֶם וַיִּזְנוּ אַחֲרֵי אֱלֹהֵי עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ (דהי"א ה'), וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּסוֹטָה וּמָעֲלָה בוֹ מָעַל (במדבר ה'):
כי תמעל מעל — The term מעל everywhere in Scripture denotes “changing”. Similarly it stales, (I Chronicles 5:25) “And they committed a מעל against the God of their fathers; for they went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land” (i. e. they exchanged Him for their gods). And similarly it states of the faithless wife, (Numbers 5:12) “[If any man’s wife go aside] and commit a מעל in respect to him” (i. e. she changes her relationship to him for one to another man) (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Chovah, Section 11 1; Meilah 18a).