Vayikra 7:1-10 ויקרא ז׳:א׳-י׳

קדש קדשים הוא. הוּא קָרֵב וְאֵין תְּמוּרָתוֹ קְרֵבָה (ספרא):

קדש קדשים הוא [THIS THE LAW OF THE GUILT OFFERING] IT IS MOST HOLY — “It is most holy”; it may be offered, but an animal that is exchanged for it (cf. Leviticus 27:34) may not be offered (Sifra, Tzav, Section 5 2).

ישחטו. רִבָּה לָנוּ שְׁחִיטוֹת הַרְבֵּה; לְפִי שֶׁמָּצִינוּ אָשָׁם בְּצִבּוּר, נֶאֱמַר "יִשְׁחֲטוּ" — רַבִּים, וּתְלָאוֹ בְּעוֹלָה, לְהָבִיא עוֹלַת צִבּוּר לַצָּפוֹן:

שחטו THEY SHALL SLAUGHTER — By using the plural ישחטו Scripture speaks of “several slaughterers” in connection with the עולה ‎‎‎‎(ישחטו את עולה)‎ ” in order to include also the communal burnt-offering under the law that an עולה must be slaughtered on the north side of the altar. — Since we do not find a guilt-offering in the case of the whole community, the term ישחטו in the plural is used here (ישחטו את האשם) because Scripture brings it in connection with the עולה (i. e. since the plural is used of the עולה it balances it by the same expression in the next phrase) (cf. Sifra, Tzav, Section 5 3).

ואת כל חלבו וגו'. עַד כָּאן לֹא נִתְפָּרְשׁוּ אֵמוּרִין בָּאָשָׁם, לְכָךְ הֻצְרַךְ לְפָרְשָׁם כָּאן, אֲבָל חַטָּאת כְּבָר נִתְפָּרֵשׁ בָּהּ בְּפָרָשַׁת וַיִּקְרָא:

ואת ‎'כל חלבו וגו‎ [HE SHALL OFFER OF IT] ALL THE FAT etc. — So far the fat portions of the guilt offering that have to be offered have not yet been mentioned as having to be burnt (though the אשם itself has already been dealt with in Leviticus 5:15), Scripture therefore was compelled expressly to specify them here. So far, however, as the sin-offering is concerned, it (the burning of their fat) has already been mentioned in the Sedrah ויקרא (Leviticus ch. 4), therefore it was unnecessary to mention it in 6:18—23.

את האליה. לְפִי שֶׁאָשָׁם אֵינוֹ בָּא אֶלָּא אַיִל אוֹ כֶּבֶשׂ, וְאַיִל וְכֶבֶשׂ נִתְרַבּוּ בְּאַלְיָה:

את האליה THE FAT TAIL — Because only a ram or a lamb can be offered as a guilt-offering and the altar’s share in the case of a ram and lamb has been augmented by the fat tail (cf. Leviticus 3:9), therefore it is here naturally mentioned as having to be burnt.

אשם הוא. עַד שֶׁיִּנָּתֵק שְׁמוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ, לִמֵּד עַל אָשָׁם שֶׁמֵּתוּ בְּעָלָיו אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְכַּפְּרוּ בְּעָלָיו, אַעַ"פִּי שֶׁעוֹמֵד לִהְיוֹת דָּמָיו עוֹלֶה לְקַיִץ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אִם שְׁחָטוֹ סְתָם, אֵינוֹ כָּשֵׁר לְעוֹלָה קֹדֶם שֶׁנִּתַּק לִרְעִיָּה; וְאֵינוֹ בָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הָאָשָׁם שֶׁיְּהֵא פָּסוּל שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ — כְּמוֹ שֶׁדָּרְשׁוּ הוּא הַכָּתוּב בַּחַטָּאת — לְפִי שֶׁאָשָׁם לֹא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ אָשָׁם הוּא אֶלָּא לְאַחַר הַקְטָרַת אֵמוּרִין, וְהוּא עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הֻקְטְרוּ אֵמוּרָיו כָּשֵׁר (זבחים ה'):

אשם הוא IT IS A GUILT OFFERING — it remains (הוא) a guilt offering until its appelation is removed from it. This teaches regarding a guilt-offering the owner of which has died, or the owner of which has been atoned for by another sacrifice, (e.g. if that originally destined for that purpose was lost and afterwards found), — that although its value (i. e. the animal bought from the proceeds of its sale) is destined to become a burnt-offering for the unemployed altar (lit., for the altar's summer time when there were not sufficient obligatory sacrifices for the altar), yet if one slaughtered it without a special designation) before it was condemned to pasture) it is not fit to become a burnt offering. — Scripture does not, by these words, intend to intimate concerning a guilt-offering that it becomes invalid if slaughtered not as such (but as some sacrifice other than a guilt offering — שלא לשמו) i. e., in the same sense as they (the Rabbis) explained the word הוא that is stated of a חטאת (Leviticus 4:24; cf. Rashi thereon), because in the case of אשם the limiting words אשם הוא are used only after mention of the burning of the fat pieces (not as in the case of חטאת, where חטאת הוא is stated after the command of slaughtering) and could therefore at most be taken as limitating the act of הקטרה in the sense that if this has been done שלא לשמה the sacrifice is invalid; this, however, is not a fact because הקטרה is not essential, and it itself (the אשם), even though the fat pieces have not been burnt at all, is nevertheless valid (Zevachim 5b; Menachot 4a).

קדש קדשים הוא. בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים הוּא נִדְרָשׁ:

קדש קרשים הוא IT IS MOST HOLY — In Torath Cohanim these words which appear to be a mere repetition of those in v. 1, are expounded (Sifra, Tzav, Chapter 9 10).

תורה אחת להם. בְּדָבָר זֶה:

תורה אחת להם [AS THE SIN OFFERING IS SO IS THE GUILT OFFERING:] THERE IS ONE LAW FOR THEM in this (the following) respect:

הכהן אשר יכפר בו. הָרָאוּי לְכַפָּרָה חוֹלֵק בּוֹ, פְּרָט לִטְבוּל יוֹם וּמְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים וְאוֹנֵן (ספרא):

that הכהן אשר יכפר בו THE PRIEST WHO MAKETH EXPIATION THEREWITH — i.e., who is fitted to effect expiation, shall have a share in it, thus excluding an unclean person who has bathed on a particular day but is awaiting sunset to be perfectly clean, one who lacks atonement (an unclean person who has bathed but has to await the next day to bring the sacrifice requisite for his complete restoration to cleanness), and one who is in the state of mourning during the period between the death and the burial of a near relative (Sifra, Tzav, Chapter 9 1).

עור העלה אשר הקריב לכהן לו יהיה. פְּרָט לִטְבוּל יוֹם וּמְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים וְאוֹנֵן שֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִים בָּעוֹרוֹת (שם):

עור העלה אשר הקריב לכהן לו יהיה [AND THE PRIEST THAT OFFERETH ANY MAN’S BURNT OFFERING] EVEN THE PRIEST SHALL HAVE TO HIMSELF THE SKIN OF THE BURNT OFFERING WHICH HE HATH OFFERED — thus excluding the טבול יום, the מחוסר כפורים and the אונן (cf. Rashi on v. 7) — that these have no share in the skins of burnt offerings (Sifra, Tzav, Chapter 9 5; Zevachim 103b).

לכהן המקריב אתה וגו'. יָכוֹל לוֹ לְבַדּוֹ, תַּ"ל לכל בני אהרן תהיה, יָכוֹל לְכֻלָּן, תַּ"ל לכהן המקריב, הָא כֵּיצַד? לְבֵית אָב שֶׁל יוֹם שֶׁמַּקְרִיבִין אוֹתָהּ (שם):

לכהן המקריב אתה וגו'‏‎‎‏‎‎ [AND EVERY MEAL OFFERING …] SHALL BE THE PRIEST’S THAT OFFERETH IT etc. — One might think it shall be his exclusively! Scripture, however, states (v. 10) לכל בני אהרן תהיה IT SHALL BELONG TO ALL THE SONS OF AARON; — one might think then, that it shall belong to all of them, which is, however, impossible, for Scripture states “[it shall be] the priest’s (that offereth it”! How then can these apparently contradictory passages be reconciled? By referring the text to the “family”) officiating on that day on which it (the מנחה) is offered (Sifra, Tzav, Chapter 10 2).

בלולה בשמן. זוֹ מִנְחַת נְדָבָה:

בלולה בשמן [AND EVERY MEAL OFFERING] MINGLED WITH OIL — This is the free-will meal-offering (Leviticus 2:1, 4, 5, 7);

וחרבה. זוֹ מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן שֶׁמֶן:

וחרבה OR DRY — this is the meal-offering of the sinner (Leviticus 5:11) and the “meal-offering of jealousy” (Numbers 5:15) in which there was no oil.