Yerushalmi Avodah Zarah 4:12 ירושלמי עבודה זרה ד׳:י״ב

MISHNAH: One who makes a Non-Jew’s wine in purity¹⁷³The Jew uses a Gentile’s winery to make kosher wine to sell the wine to Jews. and leaves it in his domain, in a house open to the public domain¹⁷⁴Where the public has open access. If a Jew saw the Gentile near the wine, he could not anymore sell the wine to Jews. Since this would be costly to him, one may assume that the minor oversight provided by the occasional Jewish visitor is sufficient. in a city where there are Gentiles and Jews it is permitted, in a city where all are Gentiles it is forbidden unless he install there a watchman. But the watchman does not have to sit there and watch; even if he leaves and reenters it is permitted¹⁷⁵On condition that he not tell anybody when he would leave or come back.. Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar says, all Gentiles’ domains are the same¹⁷⁶There is no difference between the owner’s property or that of any other Gentile in this matter..
One who makes a Non-Jew’s wine in purity¹⁷³The Jew uses a Gentile’s winery to make kosher wine to sell the wine to Jews. and leaves it in his domain¹⁸⁷Without a guard., if this one writes to him that I received the money, it is permitted¹⁸⁸Since the Gentile has recognized the wine as the Jew’s property he will not touch it and expose himself to a suit for damages.. But if the Jew wants to remove it and he does not let him do it before he paid him his money¹⁸⁹The Gentile shows that he considers the wine his property until the rental fee for his wine press and wine cellar was paid. This makes the wine Gentile and forbidden., this was a case in Bet Shean and the Sages forbade.

HALAKHAH: “One who makes a Non-Jew’s wine in purity,” etc. ¹⁹⁰This Halakhah discusses Mishnah 12.Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina: Not only a door but even a window wide four by four and high ten¹⁹¹Since the numerals are masculine they denote hand-breadths, not quite 10cm. An opening of 4-by-4 and high 10 is considered a door also for the rules of impurity., on condition that it be roofed and glued closed¹⁹²Not the door but the amphora in which the wine is stored. It cannot be left open in the Gentile’s place under any circumstances but must have a cover, “be roofed”, and the cover must be glued to the amphora by clay which is left to dry. Then it is sufficient that an occasional visitor check that the clay seal is inviolate.. If it was growing, we would say if he is seen climbing up and coming down it is forbidden, otherwise it is permitted¹⁹³If the wine is stored on a tree (a seemingly unlikely case but which is mentioned also in the Babli, 61a). If an amphora is stored at a place reserved for it and the Gentile is seen going there where he has no reason to be, the wine will become forbidden since one must suspect him of removing the seal, taking some wine, and resealing.. Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Jehudah: The Mishnah speaks of a town “with double doors and bolts.¹⁹⁴A fortified city; the expression is Biblical (Deut. 3:5). In the Babli the author is Samuel, Rav Jehudah’s teacher and the statement is accepted as authoritative. According to Rashi, the reason is that there all inhabitants are known and easily checked out; therefore one does not need a permanent presence of the watchman.” Was it stated in that case “a watchman even if he comes only at intervals”?

It was stated¹⁹⁶Tosephta 7:10. “A Jew and a Gentile who brought their wine into the surroundings¹⁹⁷According to H. L. Fleischer this is derived from Greek περιοχή in its meaning “circumference”. In the Tosephta, the corresponding word is (Persian) פַּרוָר “suburb”. This is translated here. of the city, even if the watchmen are Gentile, even if the amphoras are open, they are permitted since one does not make a libation in this way.”

Rebbi Hila in the name of Rebbi Yannai: The buyer has the same status as the seller. It was stated thus¹⁹⁸In the Babli, 61a/b, “buyer and renter”. The Yerushalmi’s version is preferable since the Mishnah refers to the producer who is the seller. The rules about storage are identical for producer and buyer.: Whether the seller or the buyer [stores] on the Gentile’s property. If the wine is the Jew’s and a Jew lives there it is permitted on condition that in his hand are key and seal. If the wine is the Gentile’s and a Jew lives there it is permitted on condition that in his hand are key and seal¹⁹⁹The key to the storage room and the seal either on the covers of the amphoras or, if the amphoras are open, on the door to the storage room.; but if no Jew lives there it is forbidden even if key and seal are in his hand.

Rebbi Ilai in the name of Rebbi Yannai: They disagree with Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar. Not on this was it said but on the following, “one who makes an Non-Jew’s wine in purity,”²⁰⁰The disagreement is not about the statement of R. Simeon ben Eleazar applied to Mishnah 12, where everybody agrees that the identity of the Gentile is irrelevant, but about Mishnah 13 where the majority insists that it refers only to the owner of the wine press. etc.