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6:4:1

משנה: מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה דֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים עוֹבֶרֶת בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ נְטָלָהּ וְנָתַן לָהֶן מִן הַצַּד. מַה שֶׁנָּתַן נָתַן וְשֶׁלּוֹ לֹא הִגִּיעוֹ. דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת דֶּרֶךְ הָרַבִּים שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה דֶּרֶךְ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵין לָהּ שִׁיעוּר דֶּרֶךְ הַקֶּבֶר אֶין לָהּ שִׁיעוּר. הַמַּעֲמָד דַּיָינֵי צִיפּוֹרִי אָמְרוּ בֵּית אַרְבַּעַת קַבִין. הַמּוֹכֵר מָקוֹם לַחֲבֵירוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ קֶבֶר. וְכֵן הַמְקַבֵּל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ קֶבֶר עוֹשֶׂה תוֹכָהּ שֶׁל מְעָרָה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל שֵׁשׁ וּפוֹתֵחַ לְתוֹכָהּ שְׁמוֹנָה כוּכִין שְׁלֹשָׁה מִיכָּן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה מִיכָּן וּשְׁנַיִם כְּנֶגְדָּן. וְהַכּוּכִין אָרְכָּן אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְרוּמָן שִׁבְעָה וְרָחְבָּן שִׁשָׁה. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר עוֹשֶׂה תוֹכָהּ שֶׁל מְעָרָה שֵׁשׁ עַל שְׁמוֹנֶה וּפוֹתֵחַ לְתוֹכָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר כּוּךְ. אַרְבָּעָה מִיכָּן וְאַרְבָּעָה מִיכָּן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה כְּנֶגְדָּן וְאֶחָד מִּימִין הַפֶּתַח וְאֶחָד מִן הַשְּׂמֹאל. וְעוֹשֶׂה חָצֵר עַל פֶּתַח הַמְּעָרָה שֵׁשׁ עַל שֵׁשׁ כִּמְלוֹא הַמִּיטָּה וְקוֹבְרֵיהָ. וּפוֹתֵחַ לְתוֹכָהּ שְׁתֵּי מְעָרוֹת אַחַת מִיכָּן וְאַחַת מִיכָּן. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר אַרְבַּע לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר הַכֹּל לְפִי הַסֶּלַע.

MISHNAH: If a public way was passing through somebody’s field, he took it away and gave them [a road] to the side of his property, what he gave, he gave, but what he wanted for himself he did not get57An unpaved public way passing between two fields cannot be changed.. A private way is four cubits wide58In all cases where there is a right of access, the access road has to be a minimum of four cubits., a public way sixteen cubits59Not only for civil law but also for the rules of the Sabbath.; a king’s highway60A paved road, government built. has no limit; the way to the cemetary has no limit61A funeral procession may overflow into adjacent areas.. The place for funeral orations, the judges of Sepphoris say an area of four qab62Two thirds of a bet se’ah of 2500 square cubits or 1666 2/3 square cubits..
If somebody sells a plot to another to build a grave63A rock cemetery., or he contracts to build him a grave makes the cavity of the cavern four cubits by six644 cubits wide by 6 deep. and opens into it eight sepulchral chambers, three on each side and two at the back wall. The chambers are four cubits long, seven [handbreadths] high and six [handbreadths] wide65Since each chamber is one cubit wide, the chambers are spaced one cubit apart and the extreme ones half a cubit from the corner.. Rebbi Simeon says, he makes the cavity of the cavern six by eight [cubits] and opens into it thirteen sepulcral chambers, four on each side, three at the back wall, one to the right of the entrance and one to its left66This is explained in the Halakhah.. In front of the cavern he excavates a courtyard of six by six [cubits] for the bier and its carriers. He opens into it two caverns, one at each side. Rebbi Simeon says four, each to each direction of the compass67His courtyard could not be excavated in front of the rock; it would have to be in the middle of a rock, accessible by ladders. No such construction was ever excavated.. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, all depends on the rock68The number of caves, of funeral chambers, their dimensions and spacing..

MISHNAH: If a public way was passing through somebody’s field, he took it away and gave them [a road] to the side of his property, what he gave, he gave, but what he wanted for himself he did not get57An unpaved public way passing between two fields cannot be changed.. A private way is four cubits wide58In all cases where there is a right of access, the access road has to be a minimum of four cubits., a public way sixteen cubits59Not only for civil law but also for the rules of the Sabbath.; a king’s highway60A paved road, government built. has no limit; the way to the cemetary has no limit61A funeral procession may overflow into adjacent areas.. The place for funeral orations, the judges of Sepphoris say an area of four qab62Two thirds of a bet se’ah of 2500 square cubits or 1666 2/3 square cubits..
If somebody sells a plot to another to build a grave63A rock cemetery., or he contracts to build him a grave makes the cavity of the cavern four cubits by six644 cubits wide by 6 deep. and opens into it eight sepulchral chambers, three on each side and two at the back wall. The chambers are four cubits long, seven [handbreadths] high and six [handbreadths] wide65Since each chamber is one cubit wide, the chambers are spaced one cubit apart and the extreme ones half a cubit from the corner.. Rebbi Simeon says, he makes the cavity of the cavern six by eight [cubits] and opens into it thirteen sepulcral chambers, four on each side, three at the back wall, one to the right of the entrance and one to its left66This is explained in the Halakhah.. In front of the cavern he excavates a courtyard of six by six [cubits] for the bier and its carriers. He opens into it two caverns, one at each side. Rebbi Simeon says four, each to each direction of the compass67His courtyard could not be excavated in front of the rock; it would have to be in the middle of a rock, accessible by ladders. No such construction was ever excavated.. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, all depends on the rock68The number of caves, of funeral chambers, their dimensions and spacing..

6:4:2

הלכה: מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה דֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים כול׳ עַד סוֹף הַמִּשְׁנָה. רִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר יוֹסֵף אָמַר. עוֹשֶה אוֹתָן כְּמִן נַגָּרִין. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וַהֲלֹא הַכְּלָבִים אֵינָן נִקְבָּרִין כֵּן. כֵּיצַד עוֹשֶׂה. בּוֹנֶה מִלְּפָנִים כְּבַחוּץ. וְאֵין הָעוֹבְרוֹת נוֹגְעוֹת בּוֹ. אֵינוֹ עֹבֵר. בָּנֵי חָדָא מִלְעֵיל וְחָדָא מִלְרַע.

HALAKHAH: “If a public way was passing through somebody’s,” etc., to the end of the Mishnah. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Joseph said, he makes them like keyholes69He explains what R. Simeon means when he requires an extra chamber each right and left of the door. Would they not also be on the side walls? He proposes to build the two additional chambers vertically and to bury the dead standing up. In the Babli, 101a, this opinion is attributed to R. Yose ben R. Ḥanina; there also it is rejected by R. Joḥanan.. Rebbi Joḥanan told him, but dogs are not buried in that way! What does he do? He builds inside as if outside70In the corners between the back wall and the sides, opposite the entrance, in a 45° angle to both walls meeting at the corner.. Do the crossings not interfere with one another71,This refers to another problem with R. Simeon’s plan. If four burial caves are dug from one center platform, by necessity the four cubits long burial chambers close to the entrance of each cave will intersect with the one dug for the cave at a right angle to it; the entire plan cannot be executed.72E reads עבד, עובדות for עבר, עוברות. This may be a scribal error.? They do not cross; he builds one higher and one lower73The burial caverns have to be at least four cubits high so that the chambers in different caverns can be dug at different levels lest they intersect; or the caverns themselves have to be dug at different levels..

HALAKHAH: “If a public way was passing through somebody’s,” etc., to the end of the Mishnah. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Joseph said, he makes them like keyholes69He explains what R. Simeon means when he requires an extra chamber each right and left of the door. Would they not also be on the side walls? He proposes to build the two additional chambers vertically and to bury the dead standing up. In the Babli, 101a, this opinion is attributed to R. Yose ben R. Ḥanina; there also it is rejected by R. Joḥanan.. Rebbi Joḥanan told him, but dogs are not buried in that way! What does he do? He builds inside as if outside70In the corners between the back wall and the sides, opposite the entrance, in a 45° angle to both walls meeting at the corner.. Do the crossings not interfere with one another71,This refers to another problem with R. Simeon’s plan. If four burial caves are dug from one center platform, by necessity the four cubits long burial chambers close to the entrance of each cave will intersect with the one dug for the cave at a right angle to it; the entire plan cannot be executed.72E reads עבד, עובדות for עבר, עוברות. This may be a scribal error.? They do not cross; he builds one higher and one lower73The burial caverns have to be at least four cubits high so that the chambers in different caverns can be dug at different levels lest they intersect; or the caverns themselves have to be dug at different levels..

Texts

  • Hebrew: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 · License: CC-BY
  • English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 · License: CC-BY

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