Talmud Yerushalmi
Yerushalmi Bava Kamma 3:9 ירושלמי בבא קמא ג׳:ט׳
Part of: Chapter 3
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משנה: שְׁנֵי שְׁוָורִים תַּמִּים שֶׁחָבְלוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה מְשַׁלְּמִים בַּמּוֹתַר חֲצִי נֶזֶק. שְׁנֵיהֶן מוּעָדִין מְשַׁלְּמִים בַּמּוֹתַר נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. אֶחָד תָּם וְאֶחָד מוּעָד. מוּעָד בְּתָם מְשַׁלֵּם בַּמּוֹתָר נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. תָּם בְּמוּעָד מְשַׁלֵּם בַּמּוֹתָר חֲצִי נֶזֶק. וְכֵן שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁחָבְלוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה מְשַׁלְּמִים בַּמּוֹתַר נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. אָדָם בְּמוּעָד וּמוּעָד בְּאָדָם מְשַׁלְּמִים בַּמּוֹתַר נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. אָדָם בְּתָם וְתָם בְּאָדָם אָדָם בְּתָם מְשַׁלֵּם בַּמּוֹתָר נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. תָּם בְּאָדָם מְשַׁלֵּם בַּמּוֹתָר חֲצִי נֶזֶק. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר. אַף תָּם שֶׁחָבַל בְּאָדָם מְשַׁלֵּם בַּמּוֹתָר נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מְנָא שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם וְאֵין הַנְּבֵילָה יָפָה כְּלוּם נוֹטֵל אֶת הַשּׁוֹר. שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם וְאֵין הַנְּבֵילָה יָפָה כְּלוּם אָמַר רִבִּי מֵאִיר עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר וּמָכְרוּ אֶת הַשּׁוֹר הַחַי וְחָצוּ אֶת כַּסְפּוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי יְהוּדָה וְכֵן הֲלָכָה קִיַימְתָּה וּמָכְרוּ אֶת הַשּׁוֹר הַחַי וְחָצוּ אֶת כַּסְפּוֹ וְלֹא קִיַימְתָּה וְגַם אֶת הַמֵּת יֶחֱצוּן. וְאֵי זֶה זֶה. זֶה שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם וְהַנְּבֵילָה יָפָה חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז שֶׁזֶּה נוֹטֵל חֲצִי הַחַי וַחֲצִי הַמֵּת וְזֶה נוֹטֵל חֲצִי הַחַי וַחֲצִי הַמֵּת.
MISHNAH: Two tame bulls which injured one another; one pays half for the excess damage118Since each owner has to pay damages to the other, in effect only the owner of the bull causing the greater damage has to pay for the excess damage his animal did cause, by the statutory rate of 50% for the tame, 100% for the notorious.. If both are notorious, one pays in full for the excess damage. One tame and one notorious; the notorious over the tame pays in full for the excess damage; the tame over the notorious pays half for the excess damage.
Similarly, two people who injured one another pay in full for the excess damage119Since a human always is notorious (2:10).. A human and a notorious animal, or a notorious animal and a human, one pays in full for the excess damage. A human and a tame animal; the human over the tame pays in full for the excess damage; the tame over the human pays half for the excess damage. Rebbi Akiba says, also a tame animal which injured a human pays the excess damage in full120He holds that the rules of Ex. 21 do not apply to damages caused to humans..
A bull worth a mina121100 denars. which gored a bull worth 200 and the cadaver is not worth anything; he122The owner of the dead bull. It is presumed that the aggressor was tame and the damage be paid from its body (Mishnah 1:5). takes the bull. A bull worth 200 which gored a bull worth 200 and the cadaver is not worth anything; Rebbi Meïr said, about this case it was said123Ex. 21:35.: “They shall sell the living bull and split the proceeds.” Rebbi Jehudah said to him, you upheld “they shall sell the living bull and split the proceeds,” but you did not uphold 123Ex. 21:35.“and also the cadaver they shall split.” What is this? That is a bull worth 200 which gored a bull worth 200 and the cadaver is worth 50 zuz124The Babylonian half-šeqel, zūz, is identified with the Roman denar., in which case each owner takes half of the living bull and half from the cadaver125Tosephta 3:3; Mekhilta dR. Ismael, Neziqin 12..
MISHNAH: Two tame bulls which injured one another; one pays half for the excess damage118Since each owner has to pay damages to the other, in effect only the owner of the bull causing the greater damage has to pay for the excess damage his animal did cause, by the statutory rate of 50% for the tame, 100% for the notorious.. If both are notorious, one pays in full for the excess damage. One tame and one notorious; the notorious over the tame pays in full for the excess damage; the tame over the notorious pays half for the excess damage.
Similarly, two people who injured one another pay in full for the excess damage119Since a human always is notorious (2:10).. A human and a notorious animal, or a notorious animal and a human, one pays in full for the excess damage. A human and a tame animal; the human over the tame pays in full for the excess damage; the tame over the human pays half for the excess damage. Rebbi Akiba says, also a tame animal which injured a human pays the excess damage in full120He holds that the rules of Ex. 21 do not apply to damages caused to humans..
A bull worth a mina121100 denars. which gored a bull worth 200 and the cadaver is not worth anything; he122The owner of the dead bull. It is presumed that the aggressor was tame and the damage be paid from its body (Mishnah 1:5). takes the bull. A bull worth 200 which gored a bull worth 200 and the cadaver is not worth anything; Rebbi Meïr said, about this case it was said123Ex. 21:35.: “They shall sell the living bull and split the proceeds.” Rebbi Jehudah said to him, you upheld “they shall sell the living bull and split the proceeds,” but you did not uphold 123Ex. 21:35.“and also the cadaver they shall split.” What is this? That is a bull worth 200 which gored a bull worth 200 and the cadaver is worth 50 zuz124The Babylonian half-šeqel, zūz, is identified with the Roman denar., in which case each owner takes half of the living bull and half from the cadaver125Tosephta 3:3; Mekhilta dR. Ismael, Neziqin 12..
הלכה: שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מְנָה כול׳. שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מְנָה שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מְנָה הִכְחִישׁוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז. נוֹטֵל אֶת הַשּׁוֹר. שֶׁאֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא חֲצִי חֲבָלוֹ לְפִיכָךְ אִם מֵת הַשּׁוֹר אוֹ שֶׁהִכְחִישׁ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַשּׁוֹר בִּלְבַד. שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מְנָה שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם הִכְחִישׁוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז. חָזַר הָאַחֲרוֹן וְחָבַל בּוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁלְּזָהָב. הָרִאשׁוֹן מְשַׁלֵּם לַשֵּׁינִי חֲצִי דֵינָר זָהָב. שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם. הִשְׁבִּיחַ וַהֲרֵי הוּא יָפָה אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת. שֶׁאִילּוּ לֹא נְגָחוֹ הָיָה יָפֶה שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת זוּז אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא עָמַד בַּדִּין הִשְׁבִּיחַ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא כִּשְׁעַת נִזְקוֹ. הִכְחִישׁ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא כִּשְׁעַת עֲמִדָתוֹ בְבֵית דִּין בִּלְבַד. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא. הִשְׁבִּיחַ הַמַּזִּיק. אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא עָמַד בַּדִּין הִשְׁבִּיחַ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא כִּשְׁעַת נִזְקוֹ. הִכְחִישׁ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא כִּשְׁעַת עֲמִדָתוֹ בְבֵית דִּין.
HALAKHAH: “A bull worth a mina” etc. 126The text of this baraita is similar to Tosephta 2:5, but the latter is not an edition of the text underlying the Yerushalmi.“A bull worth a mina which gored a bull worth a mina; weakened (it) in the amount of 50 zuz; he takes the bull, for he gets only half the amount of the injury and therefore, if the bull died or was weakened, he only has that bull127This sentence assumes that the first bull be tame. The first bull kills the second; the first is weakened by the fight and now is worth only half the value of the bull it killed. The owner of the dead bull takes the living one as exact payment.. A bull worth a mina which gored a bull worth 200 and weakened it in the amount of 50 zuz; then the second [bull] couter-attacked and injured it to the amount of three gold [denars]. The first pays half a gold denar to the second128One must read with the Tosephta: “The second pays half a gold denar to the first.” The first bull damaged the second in the amount of 50 silver denar. The second damaged the first for 3 gold denar = 75 silver denar. The excess loss to be compensated for is 25 silver denar = 1 gold denar. If the bulls were tame, half a gold denar would be due.. A bull worth 200 which gored a bull worth 200. It increased in value and now is worth 400; but if it had not gored it, it would now be worth 800 zuz. If it improved before the trial it is judged as at the time of the damage129The owner of the second bull can only claim the diminution of value immediately after the attack, which certainly is less than the 200 denar value of the bull at that moment, not the 400 denar of future loss.. If it was weakened, it is judged as at the time of the trial.” Rebbi La said, so is the baraita: The agressor improved; if it improved before the trial it is judged as at the time of the damage; if it weakened, it is judged as at the time of the trial130When expert testimony may be taken..
HALAKHAH: “A bull worth a mina” etc. 126The text of this baraita is similar to Tosephta 2:5, but the latter is not an edition of the text underlying the Yerushalmi.“A bull worth a mina which gored a bull worth a mina; weakened (it) in the amount of 50 zuz; he takes the bull, for he gets only half the amount of the injury and therefore, if the bull died or was weakened, he only has that bull127This sentence assumes that the first bull be tame. The first bull kills the second; the first is weakened by the fight and now is worth only half the value of the bull it killed. The owner of the dead bull takes the living one as exact payment.. A bull worth a mina which gored a bull worth 200 and weakened it in the amount of 50 zuz; then the second [bull] couter-attacked and injured it to the amount of three gold [denars]. The first pays half a gold denar to the second128One must read with the Tosephta: “The second pays half a gold denar to the first.” The first bull damaged the second in the amount of 50 silver denar. The second damaged the first for 3 gold denar = 75 silver denar. The excess loss to be compensated for is 25 silver denar = 1 gold denar. If the bulls were tame, half a gold denar would be due.. A bull worth 200 which gored a bull worth 200. It increased in value and now is worth 400; but if it had not gored it, it would now be worth 800 zuz. If it improved before the trial it is judged as at the time of the damage129The owner of the second bull can only claim the diminution of value immediately after the attack, which certainly is less than the 200 denar value of the bull at that moment, not the 400 denar of future loss.. If it was weakened, it is judged as at the time of the trial.” Rebbi La said, so is the baraita: The agressor improved; if it improved before the trial it is judged as at the time of the damage; if it weakened, it is judged as at the time of the trial130When expert testimony may be taken..
מָאי טַעֲמָא דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר. אָמַר קְרָא וּמָכְרוּ אֶת הַשּׁוֹר הַחַי וְחָצוּ אֶת כַּסְפּוֹ. וּמַה מְקַיֵים רִבִּי יְהוּדָה וְגַם אֶת הַמֵּת יֶחֱצוּן. מִיכָּן שֶׁזֶּה מַפְסִיד חֲצִי נֶזֶק וְזֶה מַפְסִיד חֲצִי נֶזֶק.
What is Rebbi Meïr’s reason? The verse says, 123Ex. 21:35.“they shall sell the living bull and split its proceeds.” How does Rebbi Jehudah support 123Ex. 21:35.“and also the cadaver they shall split”? From here that each one loses half the damages131Babli 34a; Tosephta 3:3; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Neziqin 12; cf. Halakhah 1:3, end. The verse proves that half damages for ‘horn’ are paid exclusively from the proceeds of the sale of the attacking animal..
What is Rebbi Meïr’s reason? The verse says, 123Ex. 21:35.“they shall sell the living bull and split its proceeds.” How does Rebbi Jehudah support 123Ex. 21:35.“and also the cadaver they shall split”? From here that each one loses half the damages131Babli 34a; Tosephta 3:3; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Neziqin 12; cf. Halakhah 1:3, end. The verse proves that half damages for ‘horn’ are paid exclusively from the proceeds of the sale of the attacking animal..