Talmud Yerushalmi
Yerushalmi Bava Kamma 4:3 ירושלמי בבא קמא ד׳:ג׳
Part of: Chapter 4
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משנה: שׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ וְשֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁלְּישְׂרָאֵל פָּטוּר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ וְלֹא שׁוֹר הֶקְדֵּשׁ. שׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁל נָכְרִי פָּטוּר וְשֶׁלַּנָּל נָכְרִי שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּין תָּם בֵּין מוּעָד מְשַׁלֵּם נזֶק שָׁלֵם.
MISHNAH: The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of Temple property or the bull of Temple property which gored a bull of an Israel are not liable since it was said “his neighbor’s bull”35Ex. 21:35., not a bull of Temple property.
The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew is not liable; the bull of a non-Jew which gored a bull of an Israel pays full damages, whether tame or notorious.
MISHNAH: The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of Temple property or the bull of Temple property which gored a bull of an Israel are not liable since it was said “his neighbor’s bull”35Ex. 21:35., not a bull of Temple property.
The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew is not liable; the bull of a non-Jew which gored a bull of an Israel pays full damages, whether tame or notorious.
הלכה: שׁוֹר שֶׁלַּיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי כול׳. רַב אָמַר. רָאָה וַיַּתֵּר גּוֹיִם. הִתִּיר מָמוֹנָן שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם. חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. הוֹפִיעַ מֵהַר פָּרָן. וְהוֹפִיעַ פָּנִים כְּנֶגֶד אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה אָמַר. הוֹרִידָן מִנִּכְסֵיהֶן. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. כְּדִינֵיהֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. לֹא עַל הָדָא אִיתְאֲמָרַת אֶלָּא בְהָדָא דְתַנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. שׁוֹר שֶׁלַּגּוֹי שֶׁנָּגַח שׁוֹר שֶׁלַּגּוֹי אַחֵר חֲבֵירוֹ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקִּיבֵּל עָלָיו לָדוּן כְדִינֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּין תָּם בֵּין מוּעָד מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם. עַל הָדָא אִתְאֲמָרַת. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כְּדִינֵיהֶן.
HALAKHAH: “The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew,” etc. Rav said, “He saw and permitted Gentiles36Hab. 3:6. The usual translation is: “He saw and made peoples jump” (by an earthquake).,” He permitted the Gentiles’ money37In the Babli, 38a, a statement of R. Abbahu, applies to those Gentiles who violate the Noahide commandments. Cf. Lev. rabba 13(2); Tanḥuma Buber Šemini 10; Deut. rabba Eqeb 1 (some mss.).. Ḥizqiah said, “He appeared from Mont Paran38Deut. 33.2. The list of peoples living around Sinai is traditionally interpreted as a list of those to whom the Torah was offered first but who declined, and only Israel did accept (Babli Avodah zarah 2b; Sifry Deut.343; Pesiqta dR. Cahana Berakhah, ed. Buber 199b; Tanḥuma Berakhah 4 (Buber 3); Pseudo-Jonathan Deut. 32:2); Midrash Tannaïm Deut. 32:2.,” He appeared in front of the Gentiles; Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina said, He made them poor39This statement possibly is fragmentary; cf. the formulations in the sources indicated in the preceding two Notes.. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan said, following their laws40It is stressed in Ex. 21:1 that the laws of that Chapter is before them; it applies only to intra-Israelite lawsuits. An application to suits involving Gentiles is illegitimate (Sifry Deut. 16; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Neziqin 1). Gentile law does not recognize payment for half the damages.. Rebbi La said, this was not said referring to this topic, but to what Rebbi Ḥiyya stated41Tosephta 4:2.: If a Gentile’s bull gored another Gentile’s bull, even though they accepted to be judged by the laws of Israel, he is liable for full damages whether tame or notorious. On that it was said that Rebbi Abbahu said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, following their laws.
HALAKHAH: “The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew,” etc. Rav said, “He saw and permitted Gentiles36Hab. 3:6. The usual translation is: “He saw and made peoples jump” (by an earthquake).,” He permitted the Gentiles’ money37In the Babli, 38a, a statement of R. Abbahu, applies to those Gentiles who violate the Noahide commandments. Cf. Lev. rabba 13(2); Tanḥuma Buber Šemini 10; Deut. rabba Eqeb 1 (some mss.).. Ḥizqiah said, “He appeared from Mont Paran38Deut. 33.2. The list of peoples living around Sinai is traditionally interpreted as a list of those to whom the Torah was offered first but who declined, and only Israel did accept (Babli Avodah zarah 2b; Sifry Deut.343; Pesiqta dR. Cahana Berakhah, ed. Buber 199b; Tanḥuma Berakhah 4 (Buber 3); Pseudo-Jonathan Deut. 32:2); Midrash Tannaïm Deut. 32:2.,” He appeared in front of the Gentiles; Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina said, He made them poor39This statement possibly is fragmentary; cf. the formulations in the sources indicated in the preceding two Notes.. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan said, following their laws40It is stressed in Ex. 21:1 that the laws of that Chapter is before them; it applies only to intra-Israelite lawsuits. An application to suits involving Gentiles is illegitimate (Sifry Deut. 16; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Neziqin 1). Gentile law does not recognize payment for half the damages.. Rebbi La said, this was not said referring to this topic, but to what Rebbi Ḥiyya stated41Tosephta 4:2.: If a Gentile’s bull gored another Gentile’s bull, even though they accepted to be judged by the laws of Israel, he is liable for full damages whether tame or notorious. On that it was said that Rebbi Abbahu said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, following their laws.
מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁשִּׁילַּח הַמַּלְכוּת שְׁנֵי איסרטיוטות לִלְמוֹד תּוֹרָה מֵרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. וְלָמְדוּ מִמֶּנּוּ מִקְרָא מִשְׁנָה תַּלְמוּד הֲלָכוֹת וַאֲגָדוֹת. וּבְסוֹף אָמְרוּ לוֹ. כָּל תּוֹרַתְכֶם נָאָה וּמְשׁוּבַּחַת חוּץ מִשְּׁנֵי דְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תְיַילֵּד לַנָּכְרִית אֲבָל נָכְרִית מְיַילֶּדֶת לְבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא תֵנִיק בְּנָהּ שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִית אֲבָל נָכְרִית מֵנִיקָה לְבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. גְּזֵילוֹ שֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר וְשֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי מוּתָּר. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה גָּזַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל עַל גְּזֵילוֹת נָכְרִי שֶׁיְּהֵא אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי חִילּוּל הָשֵׁם. שׁוֹר שֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּגַח לְשׁוֹר שֶׁלַּנָּכְרִי פָּטוּר כול׳. בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה אֵין אָנוּ מוֹדִיעִין לַמַּלְכוּת. אֲפִילוּ כֵן לָא מָטוּן לְסוּלָּמֵיהּ דְּצוֹר עַד דְּשָׁכְחוֹן כּוּלּוֹ.
42Babli 38a; Sifry Deut. 344; Midrash Tannaïm(Midrash Haggadol Deut. 32:2). It happened that the [Roman] government sent two officials to study Torah with Rabban Gamliel. They learned from him Bible, Mishnah, Talmud, practice, and homilies. At the end, they told him: All of your teachings are beautiful and commendable except two things which you say: “A Jewish woman shall not act as midwife to a Gentile, but a Gentile woman may act as midwife for a Jewish woman; a Jewish woman shall not nurse the child of a Gentile, but a Gentile woman may nurse for a Jewish woman with her consent; what was robbed from a Jew is forbidden but from a Gentile it is permitted43In this version, a Jew could be a fence for goods stolen from a Gentile. In Midrash Haggadol: “what was robbed from a Jew is forbidden but what was lost by a Gentile is permitted.” The entire sentence is missing in the Babli..” At that moment did Rabban Gamliel decide that what was robbed from a Gentile be forbidden because of desecration of the Name. “The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew is not liable,” etc. But we shall not inform the government of this. Nevertheless, by the time they reached the Tyrian ladder they had forgotten everything.
42Babli 38a; Sifry Deut. 344; Midrash Tannaïm(Midrash Haggadol Deut. 32:2). It happened that the [Roman] government sent two officials to study Torah with Rabban Gamliel. They learned from him Bible, Mishnah, Talmud, practice, and homilies. At the end, they told him: All of your teachings are beautiful and commendable except two things which you say: “A Jewish woman shall not act as midwife to a Gentile, but a Gentile woman may act as midwife for a Jewish woman; a Jewish woman shall not nurse the child of a Gentile, but a Gentile woman may nurse for a Jewish woman with her consent; what was robbed from a Jew is forbidden but from a Gentile it is permitted43In this version, a Jew could be a fence for goods stolen from a Gentile. In Midrash Haggadol: “what was robbed from a Jew is forbidden but what was lost by a Gentile is permitted.” The entire sentence is missing in the Babli..” At that moment did Rabban Gamliel decide that what was robbed from a Gentile be forbidden because of desecration of the Name. “The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew is not liable,” etc. But we shall not inform the government of this. Nevertheless, by the time they reached the Tyrian ladder they had forgotten everything.