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4:7:1

משנה: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוֹנָיָיה בְּמֶקַח וּבְמִמְכָּר כָּךְ הוֹנָיָיה בִדְבָרִים. לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ בְּכַמָּה חֵפֶץ זֶה וְהוּא אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לִיקַּח. אִם הָיָה בַעַל תְּשׁוּבָה לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ זְכוֹר מַעֲשֶׂיךְ הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. אִם הוּא בֶּן גֵּרִים לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ זְכוֹר מַה הָיוּ מַעֲשֵׂה אֲבוֹתֵיךָ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְגֵר לֹא תוֹנֶה וְלֹא תִלְחָצֶנּוּ כִּי גֵרִים הֱיִתֶם בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם. אֵין מְעָרְבִין פֵּירוֹת בְּפֵירוֹת אֶפִילוּ חֲדָשִׁים בַּחֲדָשִׁים וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חֲדָשִׁים בִּישָׁנִים. בֶּאֱמֶת בַּיַּיִן הִתִּירוּ לְעָרֵב קָשֶׁה בְרַךְ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ. אֵין מְעָרְבִין שִׁמְרֵי יַיִן בְּיַיִן אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת שְׁמָרָיו. מִי שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב מַיִם בְּיֵינוֹ לֹא יִמְכְּרֶנּוּ בַּחֲנוּת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הוֹדִיעוֹ וְלֹא לַתַּגָּר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לְרַמּוֹת בּוֹ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהַטִּיל מַיִם יִטִּילוּ. הַתַּגָּר נוֹטֵל מֵחָמֵשׁ גְּרָנוֹת וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ מְגוּרָה אַחַת מֵחָמֵשׁ גִּיתּוֹת וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹךְ פִּיטָם אֶחָד וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לְעָרֵב. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר לֹא יְחַלֵּק הָחֶנְוָונִי קְלָיוֹת וֶאֱגוֹזִין לַתִּינּוֹקוֹת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַרְגִּילָן לָבֹא אֶצְלוֹ וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין. וְלא יִפְחוֹת אֶת הַשַּׁעַר וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים זָכוּר לַטּוֹב. לֹא יָבוֹר אֶת הַגְּרִיסִין כְּדִבְרֵי אַבָּא שָׁאוּל וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין. וּמוֹדִין שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹר מֵעַל פִּי הַמְּגוּרָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא גּוֹנֵב אֶת הָעַיִן. אֵין מְפַרְקְסִין לֹא אֶת הָאָדָם וְלֹא אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְלֹא אֶת הַכֵּלִים.

MISHNAH: Just as there is cheating in trade so there is cheating by words. One should not say to another: how much for this object, if he is not interested in buying. If somebody was a repentant sinner, one should not say to him: remember your earlier deeds. If somebody was the son of a proselyte, one may not say to him: remember the deeds of your forefathers, for it is written133Ex. 22:20; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Neziqin 18, Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Ioḥai p. 210.: “A sojourner you may neither cheat nor oppress, for you were sojourners in the Land of Egypt.”
One134The farmer. does not mix produce, not even new with new; no need to say new with old. In truth135“In truth” characterizes undisputed practice. they permitted to mix strong wine with weak since it improves it. One136The winery. does not mix wine lees with wine but one delivers the lees with the wine. If water became mixed with somebody’s wine, he should not sell it in the store unless he declares it, and not to a trader for that one would only use it to trick people; at a place where they usually put water into the wine they may do so.
The trader may buy from five threshing floors and put into one chest, wine from five wine presses and put into one barrel137Greek πίθος., on condition that he not intend to mix138He may only pour wines of the same kind into one barrel.. Rebbi Jehudah says, a store owner should not distribute roasted kernels and nuts to children because he induces them to come to him, but the Sages permit. He should not reduce the price, but the Sages say, may he be remembered as a benefactor139The Sages oppose restrictions which hinder competition.. He should not clean the groats following Abba Shaul, but the Sages permit it. However, they agree that he may not clean the upper layer of the chest140A store may not dress up the upper layer of merchandise, which is seen by the buyer, and then sell lesser quality from below. This is cheating. since that gives a dishonest impression. One may not put makeup on humans141Slaves one offers for sale., animals, or vessels.

MISHNAH: Just as there is cheating in trade so there is cheating by words. One should not say to another: how much for this object, if he is not interested in buying. If somebody was a repentant sinner, one should not say to him: remember your earlier deeds. If somebody was the son of a proselyte, one may not say to him: remember the deeds of your forefathers, for it is written133Ex. 22:20; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Neziqin 18, Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Ioḥai p. 210.: “A sojourner you may neither cheat nor oppress, for you were sojourners in the Land of Egypt.”
One134The farmer. does not mix produce, not even new with new; no need to say new with old. In truth135“In truth” characterizes undisputed practice. they permitted to mix strong wine with weak since it improves it. One136The winery. does not mix wine lees with wine but one delivers the lees with the wine. If water became mixed with somebody’s wine, he should not sell it in the store unless he declares it, and not to a trader for that one would only use it to trick people; at a place where they usually put water into the wine they may do so.
The trader may buy from five threshing floors and put into one chest, wine from five wine presses and put into one barrel137Greek πίθος., on condition that he not intend to mix138He may only pour wines of the same kind into one barrel.. Rebbi Jehudah says, a store owner should not distribute roasted kernels and nuts to children because he induces them to come to him, but the Sages permit. He should not reduce the price, but the Sages say, may he be remembered as a benefactor139The Sages oppose restrictions which hinder competition.. He should not clean the groats following Abba Shaul, but the Sages permit it. However, they agree that he may not clean the upper layer of the chest140A store may not dress up the upper layer of merchandise, which is seen by the buyer, and then sell lesser quality from below. This is cheating. since that gives a dishonest impression. One may not put makeup on humans141Slaves one offers for sale., animals, or vessels.

4:7:2

הלכה: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהאוֹנָאָה בְּמֶקַח וּבְמִמְכָּר כול׳. אֵין מְפַרְקְסִין. רִבִּי אֶבְדּוֹמָא מַלָּחָא הֲוָה מְפַתֵּר סְרָדָוָותֵיהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא. וְהָתַנִּינָן. אֵין מְפַרְקְסִין. מִילְּתֵיהּ אָמְרָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ פִּירְקוּס בָּאוֹכְלַין. רִבִּי זֵירָא הֲוָה עֲסַק בְּהָדָא כִיתְנָא. אֲתַא גַבֵּי רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מָה אֲנָא מְשַׁפְּרָה עִיבִידִיתֵהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. אֵיזִיל עֲבִיד מַה דְאַתְּ יְדַע. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ הֲוָה עֲסִיק בְּאִילֵּין לְסוֹטַיָּא. אֲתַא שְׁאַל לְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מְנָן בְּאִילֵּין לְסוֹטַיָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. אֵיזִיל עֲבִיד מַה דְאַתְּ יְדַע. רַבָּה שָׂקַר טָהֵר. תַּנָּה רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב עֶמָּסּוֹנַיָיא. מַהוּ אֵין מְפַרְקְסִין. דְּלָא יֵימָא לֵיהּ. צוֹר גַּרְמָךְ.

HALAKHAH: “Just as there is cheating in trade,” etc. “One may not put on make-up.” Rebbi Eudaimon the salt dealer was mollifying his spread142The translation of this sentence is tentative and is based on the meaning of the corresponding words فتر، سرد in Arabic. R. Eliahu Fulda (followed by Levy and Kohut) explains that he washed his sieve in soap to produce better looking salt grains. R. M. Margalit explains without any lexical justification that he washed pieces of meat to make them look better. Jastrow translated: R. Eudaimon the sailor mollified his sails. But sails are not edible and they are not made from loose tissue with lots of holes, سرد.. Jacob bar Aḥa said to him, did we not state: “one may not put on make up”? His word implies that there is make-up on food. Rebbi Ze‘ira was working with flax. He went to Rebbi Abbahu and asked him, may I make my work look good? He told him, go and apply all you know. Rebbi Abbahu was working on those shawls143Yerushalmi Šabbat 4, 8b l. 69 translates רדדים (Is. 3:23) by לסוטות.. He came to ask Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina, how am I with those shawls? He told him, go and apply all you know. Rebbi Abba painted a bathtub. Rebbi Jacob from Emmaus stated: What means: “one may not put on make up”? One may not say to him141Slaves one offers for sale., paint yourself.

HALAKHAH: “Just as there is cheating in trade,” etc. “One may not put on make-up.” Rebbi Eudaimon the salt dealer was mollifying his spread142The translation of this sentence is tentative and is based on the meaning of the corresponding words فتر، سرد in Arabic. R. Eliahu Fulda (followed by Levy and Kohut) explains that he washed his sieve in soap to produce better looking salt grains. R. M. Margalit explains without any lexical justification that he washed pieces of meat to make them look better. Jastrow translated: R. Eudaimon the sailor mollified his sails. But sails are not edible and they are not made from loose tissue with lots of holes, سرد.. Jacob bar Aḥa said to him, did we not state: “one may not put on make up”? His word implies that there is make-up on food. Rebbi Ze‘ira was working with flax. He went to Rebbi Abbahu and asked him, may I make my work look good? He told him, go and apply all you know. Rebbi Abbahu was working on those shawls143Yerushalmi Šabbat 4, 8b l. 69 translates רדדים (Is. 3:23) by לסוטות.. He came to ask Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina, how am I with those shawls? He told him, go and apply all you know. Rebbi Abba painted a bathtub. Rebbi Jacob from Emmaus stated: What means: “one may not put on make up”? One may not say to him141Slaves one offers for sale., paint yourself.

Texts

  • Hebrew: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 · License: CC-BY
  • English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 · License: CC-BY

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