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1:2:1

משנה: הָאוֹכֵל מֵהֶן כְּזַיִת מַצָּה בַּפֶּסַח יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. כְּזַיִת חָמֵץ חַיָיב בְּהִיכָּרֵת. נִתְעָרֵב אֶחָד מֵהֶן בְּכָל הַמִּינִין הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹבֵר בַּפֶּסַח. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַפַּת וּמִן הַתְּבוּאָה אָסוּר בָּהֶן דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵהֶן. וְחַיָיבִין בַּחַלָּה וּבְמַעְשְׂרוֹת.

MISHNAH: If somebody eats the volume of an olive of maẓẓah from them101The five kinds mentioned in Mishnah 1. on Passover102More exactly, the first night of the holiday as spelled out in Ex. 12:18: “In the evening you have to eat maẓẓah.” The remaining days of Passover, leavened bread is forbidden but maẓẓah is not required; one might live without bread., he did his duty, the volume of an olive of leavened [bread], he is subject to being cut off103Ex. 12:19. The punishment of “being cut off” is divine punishment, not of the earthly court.. If one of them is mixed with other kinds104It is sinful to keep on Passover any leavened mixture made from flour of one of the five kinds mixed with other edible material. one transgresses on Passover. He who takes a vow not to use bread or produce105In the talmudic vocabulary, תבואה only means “grain.” But as shown in Halakhah 3, in biblical language the word means “any agricultural yield.” is forbidden them, the words of Rebbi Meïr; but the Sages say, he who takes a vow not to use flour is only forbidden these106This is a shortened version of Mishnah Nedarim 7:2: “He who takes a vow not to use flour is forbidden even dry Egyptian bean, the words of R. Meïr; but the Sages say, he is only forbidden the five kinds. R. Meïr says, he who takes a vow not to use grain is forbidden only the five kinds.”. They are subject to ḥallah and tithes107As a matter of biblical law..

MISHNAH: If somebody eats the volume of an olive of maẓẓah from them101The five kinds mentioned in Mishnah 1. on Passover102More exactly, the first night of the holiday as spelled out in Ex. 12:18: “In the evening you have to eat maẓẓah.” The remaining days of Passover, leavened bread is forbidden but maẓẓah is not required; one might live without bread., he did his duty, the volume of an olive of leavened [bread], he is subject to being cut off103Ex. 12:19. The punishment of “being cut off” is divine punishment, not of the earthly court.. If one of them is mixed with other kinds104It is sinful to keep on Passover any leavened mixture made from flour of one of the five kinds mixed with other edible material. one transgresses on Passover. He who takes a vow not to use bread or produce105In the talmudic vocabulary, תבואה only means “grain.” But as shown in Halakhah 3, in biblical language the word means “any agricultural yield.” is forbidden them, the words of Rebbi Meïr; but the Sages say, he who takes a vow not to use flour is only forbidden these106This is a shortened version of Mishnah Nedarim 7:2: “He who takes a vow not to use flour is forbidden even dry Egyptian bean, the words of R. Meïr; but the Sages say, he is only forbidden the five kinds. R. Meïr says, he who takes a vow not to use grain is forbidden only the five kinds.”. They are subject to ḥallah and tithes107As a matter of biblical law..

1:2:2

הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זַבְדִּי זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת שֶׁלּוֹקִין עַל חַלָּתָן דְּבַר תּוֹרָה. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר וָוא תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁאָכַל כְּזַיִת מִזֶּה וּכְזַיִת מִזֶּה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֲפִילוּ תֵימַר כְּזַיִת מִכּוּלְּהֹן. שַׁנְיָיא הִיא שֶׁכּוּלְּהֹן לְשֵׁם חָמֵץ. מִחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תַּמָּן הוּא אָמַר שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים רָבִין עַל אֶחָד וּמְבַטְּלִין אוֹתוֹ וְהָכָא הוּא אָמַר הָכֵין. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא אִי כְזַיִת מִזֶּה וּכְזַיִת מִזֶּה.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi said, this means that one whips because of their ḥallah as a word of the Torah108The language of the Mishnah, “the volume of an olive of maẓẓah from them”, seems to mean that a maẓẓah made of mixed dough is acceptable on Passover and subject to ḥallah by biblical decree. This contradicts R. Simeon ben Laqish (Note 51) who held that different kinds, each of which measures less than the necessary volume, cannot be taken together to be subject to biblical ḥallah.. Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, explain it if it contains the volume of an olive of any one of them. Rebbi Yose said, you might even say one volume of an olive of all of them. It is different since the category of “leavened” applies to all of them. The argument of Rebbi Yose seems inverted. There51Each one large enough to induce the obligation of ḥallah., he says two kinds are more than the third and cancel it; here, he says so! Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, so is the Mishnah: “Either the volume of an olive from this one or from another.109The argument is accepted; the Mishnah permits mixed maẓẓah on Passover only if at least one kind of grain is present in a sufficient amount for an acceptable maẓẓah by itself.”

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi said, this means that one whips because of their ḥallah as a word of the Torah108The language of the Mishnah, “the volume of an olive of maẓẓah from them”, seems to mean that a maẓẓah made of mixed dough is acceptable on Passover and subject to ḥallah by biblical decree. This contradicts R. Simeon ben Laqish (Note 51) who held that different kinds, each of which measures less than the necessary volume, cannot be taken together to be subject to biblical ḥallah.. Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, explain it if it contains the volume of an olive of any one of them. Rebbi Yose said, you might even say one volume of an olive of all of them. It is different since the category of “leavened” applies to all of them. The argument of Rebbi Yose seems inverted. There51Each one large enough to induce the obligation of ḥallah., he says two kinds are more than the third and cancel it; here, he says so! Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, so is the Mishnah: “Either the volume of an olive from this one or from another.109The argument is accepted; the Mishnah permits mixed maẓẓah on Passover only if at least one kind of grain is present in a sufficient amount for an acceptable maẓẓah by itself.”

1:2:3

הָא הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַפַּת וּמִן הַתְּבוּאָה אָסוּר בַּכֹּל כְּרַבָּנָן. רִבִּי חִיָיה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵהֶם. מַה נָן קַיָימִין אִם בְּאוֹמֵר פַּת תּוֹרָה מֵעַתָּה אַף הָאוֹמֵר תְּבוּאָה תוֹרָה יְהֵא אָסוּר בַּכֹּל דִּכְתִיב וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם. אִי בְּאוֹמֵר פַּת סְתָם אֵין לָךְ קָרוּי פַּת סְתָם אֶלָּא חִיטִּין וּשְׂעוֹרִין בִּלְבַד. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסָה קִיַימְתִּיהָ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאוֹכְלִין פַּת כֹּל. אֵין לָךְ קָרוּי פַּת סְתָם אֶלָּא חֲמֶשֶׁת הַמִּינִין בִּלְבַד.

110Here begins the discussion of the statement about vows. Therefore, is he who makes a vow not to use bread or produce forbidden everything111Everything vegetal. according to the rabbis? Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, so is the Mishnah: “He who makes a vow not to use flour is only forbidden these.” How do we hold? If he uses “bread” in the biblical sense then also if he says “produce” it is meant in the biblical sense. He should be forbidden everything since it is written (Deut. 22:9): “The produce of the vineyard.” If he simply says “bread”; only from wheat or barley is it simply called “bread”112Spelt or oatmeal bread would have to be called spelt-bread or oatmeal-bread buit never “bread” without a qualifier.. Rebbi Yose said, I confirmed it, at a place where one eats bread from all [kinds], only from the five kinds it is simply called “bread”.

110Here begins the discussion of the statement about vows. Therefore, is he who makes a vow not to use bread or produce forbidden everything111Everything vegetal. according to the rabbis? Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, so is the Mishnah: “He who makes a vow not to use flour is only forbidden these.” How do we hold? If he uses “bread” in the biblical sense then also if he says “produce” it is meant in the biblical sense. He should be forbidden everything since it is written (Deut. 22:9): “The produce of the vineyard.” If he simply says “bread”; only from wheat or barley is it simply called “bread”112Spelt or oatmeal bread would have to be called spelt-bread or oatmeal-bread buit never “bread” without a qualifier.. Rebbi Yose said, I confirmed it, at a place where one eats bread from all [kinds], only from the five kinds it is simply called “bread”.

Texts

  • Hebrew: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 · License: CC-BY
  • English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 · License: CC-BY

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