Talmud Yerushalmi
Yerushalmi Demai 5:4 ירושלמי דמאי ה׳:ד׳
Part of: Chapter 5
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משנה: הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הַפְּלָטֵר מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל טֻיפּוֹס וְטֻיפּוֹס דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאֵיר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מֵאֶחָד עַל הַכֹּל. וּמוֹדֶה רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּלוֹקֵחַ מִן הַמָּנְפּוֹל שֶׁהוּא מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד.
MISHNAH: He who buys from a merchant75Greek πρατήρ “seller”; he might buy from different bakeries, and everybody agrees that bread from different sources incurs different obligations of ḥallah and requires separate tithing. tithes from each type57Greek τύπος. It is not clear whether “type” or “shape” is the form of a baking pan or the form of bread baked on sheets. The commentators take “shape” to be the baking mould even though it forces Maimonides to note that the technique of baking bread had changed from Mishnaic times to his time. It seems more likely that “type” refers to the kind of the bread since different kinds of bread require different kinds of flour. This is the position of R. Jehudah. separately, the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jehudah says, from one for everything. Rebbi Jehudah agrees about him who buys from a store with a monopoly76Greek μονοπώλιον “right of monopoly,” certain to have more than one source, as explained in the Halakhah. that he tithes from each single loaf.
MISHNAH: He who buys from a merchant75Greek πρατήρ “seller”; he might buy from different bakeries, and everybody agrees that bread from different sources incurs different obligations of ḥallah and requires separate tithing. tithes from each type57Greek τύπος. It is not clear whether “type” or “shape” is the form of a baking pan or the form of bread baked on sheets. The commentators take “shape” to be the baking mould even though it forces Maimonides to note that the technique of baking bread had changed from Mishnaic times to his time. It seems more likely that “type” refers to the kind of the bread since different kinds of bread require different kinds of flour. This is the position of R. Jehudah. separately, the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jehudah says, from one for everything. Rebbi Jehudah agrees about him who buys from a store with a monopoly76Greek μονοπώλιον “right of monopoly,” certain to have more than one source, as explained in the Halakhah. that he tithes from each single loaf.
הלכה: רִבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר נַחְתּוֹם עוֹשֶׂה טֻפּוֹס אֶחָד וּפְלָטֵר מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּכַמָּה נַחְתּוֹמִין. רִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹמֵר נַחְתּוֹם עוֹשֶׂה כַמָּה טֻפּוֹסִין וּפְלָטֵר מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּנַחְתּוֹם אֶחָד.
HALAKHAH: Rebbi Meïr says, a baker makes one type and a merchant uses several bakers77Quoted in Babli Baba Meẓia‘ 56a.. Rebbi Jehudah says, a baker makes several types and a merchant uses only one baker.
HALAKHAH: Rebbi Meïr says, a baker makes one type and a merchant uses several bakers77Quoted in Babli Baba Meẓia‘ 56a.. Rebbi Jehudah says, a baker makes several types and a merchant uses only one baker.
אֵי זֶהוּ מָנְפּוֹל. דְּבֵי רִבִּי יַנַּאי אָמְרֵי תִּשְׁעָה פְּלָטֵרִין וַעֲשָׂרָה נַחְתּוֹמִים תּוֹמָנְיָא מִן דְּתוֹמָנְיָא וְחַד מִן דִּתְרֵיי.
What is a monopoly? At the House of Rebbi Yannai they say, nine sellers and ten bakers. Eight buy from eight and one from two78A store has monopoly character if it outsells its closest rival by a ratio of two to one, or if it sells products from twice as many manufacturers..
What is a monopoly? At the House of Rebbi Yannai they say, nine sellers and ten bakers. Eight buy from eight and one from two78A store has monopoly character if it outsells its closest rival by a ratio of two to one, or if it sells products from twice as many manufacturers..
רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְּעֵי הָיוּ לְפָנָיו שְׁנֵי טֻפֹּסִין הוֹכִיחַ עַל עַצְמוֹ שֶׁהֵן שְׁנַיִים הוּשְׁווּ כוּלָּן לַעֲשׂוֹת טוּפּוֹס אֶחָד מֲעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל כִּכָּר וְכִכָּר. רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְּעֵי כְּמַה דְתֵימָא תִּשְׁעָה פְּלָטֵירִין וַעֲשָׂרָה נַחְתּוֹמִין תּוֹמָנְיָא מִן דְּתוֹמָנְיָיא וְחַד מִן דִּתְרֵיי. וְדִכְוָותָהּ תִּשְׁעָה נַחְתּוֹמִין וַעֲשָׂרָה פְּלָטֵירִין תּוֹמָנְיָא מִן דְּתוֹמָנְיָא וְחַד מִן דִּתְרֵיי אוֹ תִשְׁעָה מִן דְּתִשְׁעָה וְחַד מִן כּוּלְּהוֹן מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל כִּכָּר וְכִכָּר.
Rebbi Jonah asked: If he had before him two types, it would be evident that they are two. If all bakers agreed to make one and the same type, does he have to tithe each loaf separately79In that case, are all stores together one monopolist chain?? Rebbi Jonah asked: As you said, nine stores and ten bakers, eight buy from eight and one from two. Similarly, nine bakers and ten stores; eight buy from eight and one from two, or nine from the nine and one buys from all of them? He must tithe each loaf separately.80The definition of the monopoly is only a paradigm; the rule is applicable to every similar case.
Rebbi Jonah asked: If he had before him two types, it would be evident that they are two. If all bakers agreed to make one and the same type, does he have to tithe each loaf separately79In that case, are all stores together one monopolist chain?? Rebbi Jonah asked: As you said, nine stores and ten bakers, eight buy from eight and one from two. Similarly, nine bakers and ten stores; eight buy from eight and one from two, or nine from the nine and one buys from all of them? He must tithe each loaf separately.80The definition of the monopoly is only a paradigm; the rule is applicable to every similar case.