Yerushalmi Kilayim 4:6 ירושלמי כלאים ד׳:ו׳

MISHNAH: If somebody plants two rows, he should not sow there unless there are eight cubits between them¹¹⁸Rows of vines less than 8 cubits apart are considered vineyard-forming, and one has to separate seeds from vines by a minimum of four cubits. Hence, between two rows one may not sow unless there is a distance of more than 8 cubits.. If there were three rows, he should not sow there unless there are sixteen cubits between one row and the next¹¹⁹The opinion of the anonymous Sages is that a large vineyard (at least three rows of three vines each) needs 8 cubits distance from each row; see Halakhah 4:1.. Rebbi Eliezer¹²⁰This should be R. Eliezer ben Jacob II, one of the last students of R. Aqiba. His name is spelled out in full in most Mishnah mss. and in the Rome ms. R. Eliezer (ben Hyrcanus) was a teacher of Rebbi Aqiba. said in the name of Ḥananiah ben Ḥakhinai¹²¹In most sources, he is given the title Rebbi. He was among the early students of R. Aqiba, almost one generation older than R. Eliezer ben Jacob II.: He should not sow there unless there are sixteen cubits between one row and the next, even if the middle row dried up. But if he planted new [vines]¹²²Then there would be only two rows and the vineyard never would be “large.”, it would be permitted with eight cubits.
If somebody plants his vineyard sixteen by sixteen cubits, he may bring seeds there¹³²If between any two vines there is a 16 cubits space, the vines are isolated and one may sow everywhere except in the six hand-breadths close to any vine.. Rebbi Jehudah said, it happened that somebody in Ṣalmon¹³³An unidentified place in the Land of Israel. planted his vineyard sixteen by sixteen cubits. He turned the growth of two rows towards one another and sowed the ploughed area¹³⁴He worked in a two-year cycle, one year planting and one year letting lie fallow. Each of his rows bordered one strip that was sown and one that lay fallow. He did not want even the leaves of his vines to grow over the grains or vegetables he planted, so each year after trimming he trained them to grow over the fallow field.. The next year, he turned the growth to the side that had been sown and sowed what was fallow. This came before the Sages and they permitted it. Rebbi Simeon and Rebbi Meïr say that this is permitted even for someone who plants his vineyard spaced eight cubits¹³⁵Vines spaced eight cubits or more apart (according to R. Meïr, 40 hand-breadths) are not vineyard-forming..

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Zeïra said, eight except for the space of the trunks¹²³If one has 16 cubits distance between two rows in a vineyard, it still is not enough since one needs 8 cubits of fallow land on each side, not counting the vines. This discussion is referred to in Halakhah 5:5.. Just as you say, eight except for the space of the trunks, so also four except for the space of the trunks¹²⁴If there are only two rows and one may sow with eight cubits distance, one still has to have four cubits of empty space on each side, not counting the space of the vines..

Rebbi Eleazar said, they were more restrictive inside than outside¹²⁵Except for the case of a distant wall (“the circumference of the vineyard”), outside one never has to be farther away than four cubits.. Rebbi Zeïra said, when I was still there¹²⁶In Babylonia. He explains the statement of R. Eleazar, not that “outside” means outside of the vineyard (where in the most restrictive case one only needs 12 cubits) but “inside” is the empty ground that is only eight cubits wide, where any sowing will sanctify both crop and vines, so that no use whatsoever will be permitted, but for a strip wider than 8 and less than 16, when there is no vineyard but only single rows and, hence, the planting does not create an “inside” of any vineyard, anything sown at a distance greater than 6 hand-breadths from any vine is still forbidden but it will not become impossible to use it., I explained it that inside eight [are required], outside sixteen: From four cubits to eight, it is forbidden and sanctifies, from eight to sixteen it is forbidden but does not sanctify.

Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It turns out that the statement of Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob¹²⁷The one that in the Mishnah is attributed to “R. Eliezer.” is like that of the House of Shammai. Just as the House of Shammai say that one row constitutes a vineyard, so Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob says that one row constitutes a vineyard¹²⁸The implication is that the opinion of R. Eliezer ben Jacob cannot possibly be the actual practice.. What do you want to say? A large vineyard is forbidden by eight, a small vineyard is forbidden by eight¹²⁹Since plants sanctify a vineyard only up to a distance of four cubits, how does one ever come to forbid sixteen?! Rebbi Judan did not say so but taught that eight cubits is forbidden, eight cubits plus any length¹³⁰The added width is defined in the Tosephta (Kilaim 4:9) either as one hand-breadth, or ⁵/₆ of a hand-breadth; see the discussion of the sources in Tosefta Ki-fšuṭah, p. 642. In the first opinion, that there is no difference between the widths admitted in large or small vineyards, any planting in which the vines are up to (but not including) eight cubits apart is a vineyard and protected by the laws of a vineyard. In the second opinion, exactly eight cubits still form a large vineyard (possibly not a small one), and only distances of more than eight turn the vines into single trees that have only six hand-breadths as protected area around them. is permitted. Some want to state: “But if someone newly planted sixteen by sixteen¹³¹This is an extraordinary restriction. It implies that R. Eliezer ben Jacob considers vines as vineyard-forming if between any two vines the distance is up to sixteen cubits, not, as supposed in our version of the Mishnah, that the distance between vines in a row is up to eight cubits, only that between rows it is sixteen cubits! The question now arises whether this is a legitimate interpretation of the position of the House of Shammai. R. Joḥanan answers that R. Eliezer ben Jacob may well agree that vines farther than eight cubits apart are not vineyard-forming, only he holds that once it was a vineyard, it does not lose its properties automatically when it dries up unless the vines are actually removed., it would be permitted with eight cubits.” Rebbi Jehudah ben Pazi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It turns out that the statement of Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob is like that of the House of Shammai. Just as the House of Shammai are more restrictive when it is dried up than when it is planted, so Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob is more restrictive when it is dried up than when it is planted.

Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rav: The seed is permitted but one is forbidden to sow¹³⁵Vines spaced eight cubits or more apart (according to R. Meïr, 40 hand-breadths) are not vineyard-forming.. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rav: The practice is that one is permitted to sow. Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi in the name of Rav: Practice follows Rebbi Meïr and Rebbi Simeon. Does it mean that the seed is permitted and one is permitted to sow, or that the seed is permitted but one is forbidden to sow¹³⁶Since we have two conflicting statements, both in the name of Rav.? Since Rebbi Abba said: Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi measured the layout of my vineyard eight by eight¹³⁷He means that Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi, companion of Rav in the latter’s Academy, provided him with a layout for his vineyard so that he could sow grain between the vines. There is no more compelling evidence than the action of a respected authority.; that means that the seed is permitted and one is permitted to sow. Rav Huna sowed leeks in his vineyard¹³⁸That vineyard must have been one in which not every vine was planted eight cubits from its nearest neighbor.. Is that not forbidden because of kilaim? They were mixed up¹³⁹The vines were planted, or spontaneously growing, in an irregular pattern and nowhere in the vineyard was it possible to identify even a minimal vineyard (3 + 2 vines, 4 forming a rectangle) as required by the House of Hillel. Mishnah 5:1 shows that in such a case, there is an opinion that the planting represents a collection of vines, not a vineyard, and that each vine needs only 6 hand-breadths of empty space around it. Since Rav Huna lived in Babylonia, he had the right to follow the lenient ruling. and a single vine needs no place to tend it, following the words of Rebbi Ismael; as Rebbi Ismael said, the words of the Sages are that a single vine needs no place to tend it. Rebbi Jacob bar Idi in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: Practice outside the Land follows the lenient opinion. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa said, there¹⁴⁰In Babylonia. The “Land” everywhere is the Land of Israel. they stated: Practice outside the Land follows the lenient opinion.