Yerushalmi Taanit 4:6 ירושלמי תענית ד׳:ו׳

MISHNAH: From the start of Av one restricts happy occasions. The week in which the Ninth of Av falls one is forbidden to barber and to launder, but on Thursday one is permitted for the honor of the Sabbath.
In the day before the Ninth of Av a person may not eat two dishes, he may not eat meat nor drink wine³⁷⁸He has to behave as if a close relative had died. R. Jehudah requires this in all respects, the anonymous majority only in matters of the meal preceding the fast.. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, he shall alterate. Rebbi Jehudah obligates him to turn up his couch³⁷⁸He has to behave as if a close relative had died. R. Jehudah requires this in all respects, the anonymous majority only in matters of the meal preceding the fast. but the Sages did not agree with him.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, that is a building of enjoyment. But if his wall was inclined, he tears it down and rebuilds it. Samuel said, the wall where he sleeps³⁵¹Chapter 1, Notes 247–248.. ³⁵²The following is in Yom Tov 5:2 (Notes 65–70), Ketubot 1:1 (Notes 34–42). Rebbi Abba bar Cohen said before Rebbi Yose: Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Jacob bar Idi: A man may not preliminarily marry on a Friday. That means, to make an engagement feast³⁵³Since this would impinge on the Sabbath meal. It is in order to make the preliminary marriage on Friday and arrange the festive meal as Sabbath meal.. This implies that the preliminary marriage itself is permitted. Samuel says, even on the Ninth of Av a preliminary marriage is permitted, lest another forestall him. The argument of Samuel seems inverted. There³⁵⁴Ps. 68:7, 62:10. This means that marriages are pre-ordained in Heaven. (Lev. rabba 29(5), Babli Mo`ed qaṭan 18b.), he says, God puts singles in a house; To rise on scales; they all are of vapor! And here, he says so³⁵⁵If marriages are pre-ordained, why should anybody be afraid that another man could snatch the bride preselected for him? Another man might by his prayer cause the Heavenly decree to be changed, but this would lead to the early death of one of the partners of the marriage. Babli Soṭa 2a, Sanhedrin 22a.? That means, that he should not forestall him in prayer. Even so, it would not be permanent.

Rebbi Jonah said, what you are saying refers to washing to wear; but washing to mend? So we are saying, this washerman is forbidden to work in his trade³⁵⁶Since the Mishnah only forbids people to wash their garments but not washermen to exercise their trade, there must be washing activities which are permitted. The Babli 29b decides otherwise.? Our Mishnah disagrees with Rebbi Jonah, “the week in which the Ninth of Av falls one is forbidden to barber and to launder, but on Thursday³⁵⁷If the Ninth of Av falls during the week, the following Sabbath already is after the fast and it is permitted to wash during the week in order to wear after the fast. one is permitted for the honor of the Sabbath.” Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rav Hamnuna, it was repeated regarding (addition) [barbering.]³⁵⁸The reading of the scribe is confirmed by G; the corrector’s change is indicated in Or zarua` §414. The corrector’s text means that barbering does not follow the rules of washing and is strictly forbidden before and during the fast. The scribe’s text seems to mean that there is no extension of the fast (following R. Simeon ben Laqish and R. Isaac ben Eleazar); immediately after the end of the fast all activities are permitted. Rebbi Abba bar Cohen said before Rebbi Yose: Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Abbahu. If the Ninth of Av falls on a Sabbath, both weeks are permitted³⁵⁹If the Ninth of Av falls on a Sabbath there is no week in which the Ninth of Av falls.. What is afterwards? Rebbi Joḥanan said, afterwards is forbidden; Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, afterwards is permitted³⁶⁰A disagreement of Babylonian authorities in Babli 29b.. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba preached it to the Sepphoreans but they did not accept it. Rebbi Immi said to Rebbi [Yasa]³⁶¹A necessary correction of the text of G: “R. Ammi asked R. Ammi”.. Does not the nephew of the Great Rebbi Ḥiyya³⁶²Rav. disagree with him? He answered, they disagree explicitly: Rebbi Joḥanan said, afterwards is forbidden; Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, afterwards is permitted. How does Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish explain it³⁶³The Mishnah which forbids the entire week if the fast was Sunday or Tuesday.? He explains it if the Ninth of Av falls on a Sabbath, and one cannot infer anything. Rebbi Isaac ben Eleazar announced at the end of the Ninth of Av, the barbers shall open³⁶⁴Their shops., any who has to eulogize may eulogize³⁶⁵All commentators read יספר “barber” for יספר “eulogize” but this seems to be impossible in light of the evidence of G. While the rule not to eulogize on the Ninth of Av appears in the sources as Medieval Ashkenazic (Šulḥan Arukh Oraḥ Ḥayyim 559:10) this may be indicated here since the Ashkenazic (originally, South-Italian) order of prayers is based on the Yerushalmi.. It is written³⁶⁶Hos. 2:13, I shall eliminate all her enjoyment, her holiday, her month, her Sabbath, and all her feast. The Southerners have the custom of ḥer holiday³⁶⁷They start the mourning rites already on the New Moon of Av., the Sepphoreans have the custom of her month³⁶⁸They follow them the entire month and do not stop after the fast., the Tiberians have the custom of her week³⁶⁹The rule presented in the Mishnah.. The Rabbis of Tiberias changed to follow the Rabbis of Sepphoris.

³⁷⁰This paragraph also appears in Megillah1:6 (מ). Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya, it should have been logical that one should fast on the Tenth, since on it our God’s Temple was burned. Why on the Ninth? Because the calamity started on it³⁷¹2K. 25:8.. So it was stated, on the Seventh they entered, on the Eighth they were misbehaving in it, on the Ninth they started the fire, and on the Tenth it was burned³⁷²Babli 29a, Tosephta 3:10.. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi fasted Ninth and Tenth. Rebbi Abun fasted Ninth and Tenth. Rebbi Levi fasted on the Ninth and the night of the Tenth. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Rebbi wanted to uproot the Ninth of Av but they did not let him³⁷³Babli Megillah 5b.. Rebbi Eleazar said to him, I was with you but it was not said so, but Rebbi wanted to uproot the Ninth of Av which fell on a Sabbath but they did not let him. He said, because it was pushed aside, let it be pushed aside. They said to him, let it be pushed to the next day. In a similar case, that which we stated there³⁷⁴Mishnah Yebamot 6:6.: “Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa said, for both of them it says, God blessed them and God said to them, be fruitful and multiply³⁷⁵Gen. 1:28., etc.” Rebbi Eleazar in the Name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Practice follows Rebbi Joḥanan ben Beroqa. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda said to him, I was with you and it was only said, if she asks to be married the law is on her side³⁷⁶If a woman is married childless for ten years she may ask the court to force her husband to give her a divorce with full payment of her ketubah. In her application to the court she must state that her request is in order to be able to marry another man (who implicitly is supposed to be more fertile than the first.) In the Babli Yebamot 65b she is required to state explicitly that she wants to marry another man in order to have children who will be able to care for her in her old age.. He said about them, two are better than one³⁷⁷Eccl. 4:9..

What means “he shall alterate”? He shall change. If he is used to eat a pound³⁷⁹A Roman pound of 12 unciae, 345g. of meat he shall eat half; if he is used to drink a sextarius³⁸⁰Possibly Greek ξέστης; in both Talmudim the equivalent of a log (.53 l) but in the Galilean Targumim the equivalent of a hin, 12 log (6.5 l). Babli 30a. of wine he shall drink half. Rebbi Joḥanan said, but only for the main meal of the Ninth of Av. Rav³⁸¹In G: Rebbi. In the Babli, Rav Jehudah. Hoshaia said, and only in the afternoon. Rebbi Yose says, both statements are for leniency. If he ate the main meal of the Ninth of Av before noon, even if he brings on his table like Salomon’s meal it is permitted. If he ate his meal³⁸²Intending to eat another later in the afternoon. in the afternoon, even if he brings on his table like Salomon’s meal in his time³⁸³1K. 5:2–3. it is permitted. It was stated: If the Ninth of Av fell on a Friday or the day before the Ninth of Av on a Sabbath, even if he brings on his table like Salomon’s meal in his time it is permitted³⁸⁴Babli 29b.. Rav after he had eaten his fill was coloring his piece of bread with ashes and said, this is the main meal of the Ninth of Av, to keep what is said³⁸⁵Thr. 3:16. Mentioned in Thr. rabba ad loc., He filled me with asperity, made me imbue poison.

Rebbi Jehudah says it correctly; what is the Rabbis’ reason? They made him like one whose deceased is lying before him³⁸⁶As long as a person is occupied with arranging a burial, the formal rules of mourning do not apply to him. Since the mourner is not supposed to leave his house but the person who fasts on a public fast day is supposed to leave his house, no public fast can imitate the rules of formal mourning.; he neither overturns his couch nor sleeps on an overturned couch.