Yerushalmi Terumot 11:3 ירושלמי תרומות י״א:ג׳

MISHNAH: One does not make honey from dates, or wine from apples, or vinegar from winter grapes, nor does one change any fruit of heave or second tithe from the way it grew except olives and grapes⁵⁸The verse Lev. 29:23 declaring the fruits of the first three years after planting a tree forbidden for all use refers to “fruit-bearing trees”; in Mishnah Kilaim 7:6 there is an opinion that exludes all trees except olive trees, vines, and fig trees from this category.. Nobody endures the forty⁵⁷Is whipped 39 times if convicted of breaking a biblical law. because of ‘orlah, except for produce of olives and grapes⁵⁸The verse Lev. 29:23 declaring the fruits of the first three years after planting a tree forbidden for all use refers to “fruit-bearing trees”; in Mishnah Kilaim 7:6 there is an opinion that exludes all trees except olive trees, vines, and fig trees from this category.; one does not bring First Fruits as drinks except for products from olives and grapes. Nothing makes impure as a drink except what comes from olives and grapes⁵⁹In the Babli, Ḥulin 120b, all these rules are said to follow R. Joshua who derives all rules from those of heave.. Nothing is presented on the altar except what comes from olives and grapes.
The stalks of fresh figs, dried figs, kelisin⁶⁰The Gaonic commentary to Uqeẓin 1:6 reads קליסין and defines these as pears. Maimonides: small figs. Rashi (Ḥulin 67a) about כלונס, adopted here by R. Simson: cedar kernels. Rashi’s definition clearly does not fit here. Maimonides’s interpretation seems to be a guess. Löw thinks of licorice. {Cf. Greek κέρασος, Latin cerasus, “cherry tree, cherry” (E. G.).}, and carobs are forbidden to laymen⁶¹If the fruit itself is heave..

HALAKHAH: ⁶²The main occurrence of this paragraph is in Ḥallah 4:12, on the Mishnah: “Joseph the Cohen brought his First Fruits as olive oil and wine and these were not accepted in the Temple.” That Mishnah seems to contradict the Mishnah here; cf. Šiṭṭah Mequbeẓet,Ḥulin 120b, Note 11. Rebbi Ila in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: So says the Mishnah, “one does not bring First Fruits as drinks except for those made from olives and grapes,” even after it became property of the owners⁶³The priests serving in the Temple. Since First Fruits were designated as such while still growing, they were already dedicated when harvested and never were property of the farmer.. But did we not state: “If he pressed First Fruits as a drink, from where that he should bring them? The verse says (Ex. 23:19, 34:26), ‘bring!’⁶⁴Since the commandment is repeated, it means “bring in any shape or form.””. That is, if he harvested them from the start for this purpose. But here, if he did not harvest them from the start for this purpose⁶⁵In the interpretation of the Babli, the entire discussion is only about grapes. It is difficult to decide whether this is also the point of view of the Yerushalmi..

“⁶⁶Tosephta 9:9, in slightly different formulation. Pure heave olives should be made into oil, impure should not; grapes either pure or impure should not be processed [into wine], the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jacob says in his name, Rebbi Eliezer and Rebbi Joshua did not disagree that pure olives should be processed; they disagreed about impure ones where Rebbi Eliezer says they should not be processed, but Rebbi Joshua said they should be processed, and pure grapes should be processed, but not impures ones. Rebbi Jehudah said, Rebbi Eliezer and Rebbi Joshua did not disagree that pure olives should be processed; they disagreed about impure ones where Rebbi Eliezer says they should not be processed, but Rebbi Joshua said they should be processed, and grapes should be processed, whether pure or impure⁶⁷In the Tosephta: Rebbi Jehudah said, Rebbi Eliezer and Rebbi Joshua did not disagree that pure olives and grapes should be processed, they disagreed about impure ones which Rebbi Eliezer says should not be processed, but Rebbi Joshua said they should be.. Rebbi (Joḥanan)⁶⁸This is clearly in error since the entire statement is tannaïtic and in the discussion, as well as in the Tosephta, it is labelled Rebbi’s. The error is an old one since it is in both mss. said, Rebbi Eliezer and Rebbi Joshua did not disagree that pure olives should be processed and impure grapes should not be processed; they disagreed about impure olives and pure grapes where Rebbi Eliezer says they should not be processed, but Rebbi Joshua said they should be processed.” They all form a majority against Rebbi Meïr about pure grapes, that they should be processed. Why does he say, they should not be processed? They are more valuable as food than as drink. They all form a majority against Rebbi Jehudah about impure grapes, that they should not be processed. Why does he say, they should be processed? To be able to use seeds and skins⁶⁹The grape juice clearly has to be discarded since it is impure and cannot be used as drink. Since it is fresh and unfermented, it cannot be used as spray. But the seeds and the skins can be used as fuel.. About impure olives, Rebbi and Rebbi Meïr form one group, Rebbi Jacob and Rebbi Jehudah another one. How does one act⁷⁰No answer is given; the decision is prorogated for the Sages at the time of the Messiah.?

Rebbi Zeïra in the name of Rebbi Eleazar said, our Mishnah⁷²Mishnah 4. If the pedicles are not part of the fruit they are considered as wood and not included in the sanctity of heave. if they stick in the food. All [statements] by Rebbi Zeïra about heaves and purity are traditions in the name of Rebbi Eleazar.