Yerushalmi Terumot 9:2 ירושלמי תרומות ט׳:ב׳

MISHNAH: The growth from heave is heave⁵⁷By rabbinic decree. In the opinion of the Babli (Šabbat 13c) this is one of the “eighteen decrees” which the House of Shammai forced on the House of Hillel; according to the Yerushalmi (Šabbat 3c), it might be one of these decrees. The reason given is that one wants to prevent a Cohen from keeping impure heave for sowing since in the meantime he might inadvertently eat from it.; the growth from their growth is profane. But the growths from ṭevel⁵⁸Seed grain is exempt from heave and tithes., First Tithe, aftergrowth of the Sabbatical⁵⁹The entire prohibition of aftergrowth of the Sabbatical year is rabbinical, as is heave from outside the Land., heave from outside the Land, demaʻ⁶⁰Since in biblical law, a minority of forbidden food disappears in the majority, if the ṭevel content of dema‘ is strictly less than 50%, the prohibition is rabbinical., and First Fruits are profane. Growths from dedicated⁶¹Dedicated to the Temple to be sold and its proceeds used for the Temple. [seeds] and Second Tithe are profane; one redeems them corresponding to the time of sowing⁶²The language implies that grains from Second Tithe or dedicated grain were sown without being redeemed, otherwise these would be totally profane. One has to redeem from next year’s crop only an amount equal to the original seed grain. The reading of the Rome ms. and the Munich ms. of the Babli is: בדמי זרעם “for the value of their seeds;” the meaning is the same..
One hundred lagenae⁷³Name of a vessel and a measure of grain, Greek λάγυνος, λάγηνος, Latin lagena,lagaena,lagoena,lagona, Accadic lignu,liginnu; used here for the surface area from which one liginnu can be harvested. The size of a lagena/liginnu in Mishnaic times is unknown (cf. Demay Chapter 7, Note 85). The Halakhah assumes that each lagena is a separate plot but the farmer forgot what he sowed where. of heave and one profane are all permitted for produce whose seeds desappear⁷⁴If a field (probably the standard field of one bet seah) is sown to yield 101 lagenae, and 100 parts of the seeds were profane and one part heave, then all the yield is profane and usable by everybody since even the growth from heave seed is forbidden only by rabbinic degree. (This would make 1 lagena = 4.975 square cubits.); but for produce whose seeds do not disappear⁶⁴Bulbous plants., even if there are one hundred profane and one of heave they all are forbidden⁷⁵Since the original heave is still in existence, it is forbidden by biblical decree and the entire crop is available only to Cohanim..
Growth from ṭevel is permitted⁸¹Usually, grain becomes forbidden food as ṭevel (cf. Peah Chapter 1, Note 303) after threshing and cleaning until heave and tithes are taken. Before threshing, one may eat the grains from single ears. However, for produce whose seeds do not disappear, the quality of ṭevel is never removed and such produce is forbidden even as occasional snack before heave and all tithes are taken. (However, tithes for any produce other than grain, grapes, and olives are rabbinic in character.) for anything whose seeds disappear, but if the seeds do not disappear even the growth from the growth is forbidden. What is one whose seeds do not disappear? For example arum, garlic, and onions. Rebbi Jehudah says, garlic is like barley.

HALAKHAH: We have stated on this⁶³Referring to growth of heave.: When has this been said? Anything whose seeds disappear. But in produce whose seeds do not disappear⁶⁴Bulbous plants., the growth from their growth is forbidden. But ṭevel is mostly profane⁶⁵88% is profane if neither heave nor First Tithe were taken., First Tithe is mostly profane⁶⁶90% is profane. If heave of the tithe is taken, the resulting grain is totally profane and is no longer called “First Tithe”., aftergrowth of the Sabbatical is infrequent⁶⁷That one would be able to collect enough grain from aftergrowth to serve as seed grain., heave from outside the Land is infrequent⁶⁸Even from countries bordering on the Land where there is a rabbinic heave; that heave should not be brought into the Land., most of dema‘ is profane⁶⁰Since in biblical law, a minority of forbidden food disappears in the majority, if the ṭevel content of dema‘ is strictly less than 50%, the prohibition is rabbinical., First Fruits are infrequent.

“Growths from dedicated [seeds] and Second Tithe are profane; one redeems them corresponding to the time he sowed.” Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: He redeems the entire storage for the value of that seah⁶⁹One has to redeem only the value of the seed grain, not the entire harvest.. The difference between dedicated [produce] and Second Tithe: Second Tithe, whether produce whose seeds disappear or whose seeds do not disappear, is redeemed by the wholesale price⁷⁰Mishnah Maʻaser Šeni 4:2. The Babli (Baba Meẓiʻa 57a) holds that redemption may be done below the wholesale value; this is never mentioned in the Yerushalmi.; only that produce whose seeds disappear is redeemed by current prices, produce whose seeds do not disappear is redeemed following the early price⁷¹The wholesale price at the time and place of sowing.. Dedicated [produce], whether produce whose seeds disappear or whose seeds do not disappear, is treated in its place and time⁷²The wholesale price at time and place of redemption is the operative price.; only that one redeems the entire storage of produce whose seeds disappear for the value of that seah, but for produce whose seeds do not disappear he has to redeem the [contents of] the entire storage.

Rebbi Yose said: This implies that if there were 100 seah, each one lifted from 100 seah⁷⁶In a hundred cases, one seah of heave fell into 100 seah profane grain and one seah was lifted as replacement heave. That replacement is now treated as heave and the remaining 100 seah as profane. But if now one of the 100 seah of heave was accidentally exchanged for a seah of profane grain and it is impossible to identify which grain is profane, all 100 seah (99 replacement heave and one profane) are permitted to everybody since the holiness of replacement heave is rabbinical, just as the holiness of growth from heave seeds is rabbinical., and one profane was switched with one of them, all would be permitted.

There⁷⁷Halakhah 5:6, Note 77., Rebbi Joḥanan said if a seah of heave was lifted from 100 of profane produce, anything will cause it to become insignificant. And here, if he collected and some profane produce fell into it, should it not be permitted⁷⁸Even if the seeds do not disappear.? As Rebbi Joḥanan said there⁷⁹The statement is from Mishnah 5:9 that different kinds are considered as one if they are ground together and now are indistinguishable., he mills and it is permitted, so also here. There, both kinds came into his hands. But here, only ṭevel came into his hands if he collected from one [lagena]. But if he collected from two, both kinds⁸⁰Growth from profane and heave seeds. In the Tosephta (8:4) it is formulated that the particular stringencies for vegetables whose seeds do not disappear are eliminated once the vegetables are harvested and R. Simeon even permits harvesting for the express purpose of eliminating the stringencies. It is clear that this Tosephta was not known to the authors of the Yerushalmi. came into his hands.

How far⁸²The growth from ṭevel whose seeds do not disappear is forbidden. The Mishnah does not spell out the status of the second year’s growth.? Rebbi Jacob bar Idi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It is forbidden for three harvests⁸³R. Simson does not have this clause; it seems that the sentence is the confluence of two parallel traditions. The second clause does not add anything to the first.; it is forbidden up to the fourth harvest, but the fourth is permitted. Rebbi Samuel ben Eudaimon asked before Rebbi Mana: How far for heave⁸⁴Heave planted from bulb vegetables whose first growth retains the status of heave (Mishnah 4).? He said to him, they made the fourth harvest like the first harvest. Just as the first harvest of growth whose seeds disappear is forbidden for heave and permitted for ṭevel, so the fourth harvest of growth whose seeds do not disappear is forbidden for heave⁸⁵But the fifth harvest would be permitted (R. Simson). and permitted for ṭevel.

What do you have⁸⁶What are plants whose seeds do not disappear?? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, e. g., bulb plants⁸⁷The word כלובסין is unexplained. For the translation, I am reading בּוֹלְבָּסִּין “bulbs”; cf. Demay Chapter 2, Note 42 {but compare Greek κολοβός, όν “stunted, undersized” (E. G.)}..

Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina: Garlic up to the size of a barley corn is a plant whose seeds disappear⁸⁸The dispute is about the statement of R. Jehudah in the Mishnah that garlic is like barley for these rules. That the statement of R. Jehudah is discussed in practical terms signifies for Rashi (Pesaḥim 34a) that practice follows him; this is denied by Maimonides.. Larger than that, it is a plant whose seeds do not disappear. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina: Garlic is like barley in every respect.