Tanach
Yoel 1 יואל א׳
Part of: Setumah, Joel 1:13
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר הָיָה אֶל־יוֹאֵל בֶּן־פְּתוּאֵֽל׃
The word of the Lord that came to Yo᾽el the son of Petu᾽el.
The word of the Lord that came to Yo᾽el the son of Petu᾽el.
Rashi
שִׁמְעוּ־זֹאת הַזְּקֵנִים וְהַֽאֲזִינוּ כֹּל יוֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ הֶהָיְתָה זֹּאת בִּֽימֵיכֶם וְאִם בִּימֵי אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
Hear this, you old men, and give ear, all you inhabitants of the land. Has such a thing been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers?
Hear this, you old men, and give ear, all you inhabitants of the land. Has such a thing been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers?
Rashi
הֲהָיְתָה זֹּאת. הָאֲמוּרָה לְמַטָּה:
Did this come about—I.e., what is mentioned below.
עָלֶיהָ לִבְנֵיכֶם סַפֵּרוּ וּבְנֵיכֶם לִבְנֵיהֶם וּבְנֵיהֶם לְדוֹר אַחֵֽר׃
Tell your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation.
Tell your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation.
יֶתֶר הַגָּזָם אָכַל הָאַרְבֶּה וְיֶתֶר הָאַרְבֶּה אָכַל הַיָּלֶק וְיֶתֶר הַיֶּלֶק אָכַל הֶחָסִֽיל׃
That which the cutting locust has left, the swarming locust has eaten; and that which the swarming locust has left, the hopping locust has eaten; and that which the hopping locust has left, the destroying locust has eaten.
That which the cutting locust has left, the swarming locust has eaten; and that which the swarming locust has left, the hopping locust has eaten; and that which the hopping locust has left, the destroying locust has eaten.
Rashi
יֶתֶר הַגָּזָם וְגוֹ׳. גָּזָם אַרְבֶּה יֶלֶק חָסִיל מִינֵי גּוֹבַאי הֵם וְנִתְנַבֵּא עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ וּבָאוּ בְּאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים וְכִלּוּ כָּל פְּרִי הָעֵץ וִירַק הַשָּׂדֶה:
What the shearing locust left over—Gazam, arbeh, yelek, hasil are species of locusts and he prophesied concerning them that they would come in those days and destroy all the fruit of the trees and the herbs of the field.
הָקִיצוּ שִׁכּוֹרִים וּבְכוּ וְהֵילִלוּ כׇּל־שֹׁתֵי יָיִן עַל־עָסִיס כִּי נִכְרַת מִפִּיכֶֽם׃
Awake, drunkards, and weep; and howl, all you drinkers of wine, because of the sweet wine; for it is cut off from your mouth.
Awake, drunkards, and weep; and howl, all you drinkers of wine, because of the sweet wine; for it is cut off from your mouth.
Rashi
עָסִיס. יַיִן הַטּוֹב:
the strong wine—Heb. עָסִיס, good wine.
כִּי־גוֹי עָלָה עַל־אַרְצִי עָצוּם וְאֵין מִסְפָּר שִׁנָּיו שִׁנֵּי אַרְיֵה וּֽמְתַלְּעוֹת לָבִיא לֽוֹ׃
For a nation is come up upon my land, mighty, and without number, whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the fangs of a lioness.
For a nation is come up upon my land, mighty, and without number, whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the fangs of a lioness.
Rashi
גּוֹי עָלָה עַל אַרְצִי. הַגּוֹבַאי הַזֶּה כִּנָּהוּ כְּצָבָא גּוֹי:
For a nation has ascended upon my land—He named these locusts as a host of nations.
וּמְתַלְּעוֹת. הֵן הַשִּׁנַּיִם הַגַּסִּין שֶׁלּוֹעֵס בָּהֶן:
and its molars are like those of a young lion—These are the thick teeth with which he chews.
שָׂם גַּפְנִי לְשַׁמָּה וּתְאֵנָתִי לִקְצָפָה חָשֹׂף חֲשָׂפָהּ וְהִשְׁלִיךְ הִלְבִּינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃
He has laid my vine waste, and splintered my fig tree: he has made it clean bare, and cast it down; its branches are made white.
He has laid my vine waste, and splintered my fig tree: he has made it clean bare, and cast it down; its branches are made white.
Rashi
לִקְצָפָה. לְמַפַּח נֶפֶשׁ:
into a disappointment—Heb. לִקְצָפָה, into a disappointment.
חָשֹׂף חֲשָׂפָהּ וְהִשְׁלִיךְ. קִלּוּף קְלִפּוֹת הָעֵץ וְהִשְׁלִיכוֹ עַד הִלְבִּינוּ זְמוֹרוֹת הַגֶּפֶן:
he has peeled it and cast it off—He has peeled off the bark of the tree and cast it off until the branches of the vine have become white.
אֱלִי כִּבְתוּלָה חֲגֻרַת־שַׂק עַל־בַּעַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Rashi
אֱלִי. ׳קִינָה׳ מְתַרְגְּמִינָן ׳אִילְיָא׳:
Lament Heb. אֱלִי. Lamentations (קִינָה) is translated into Aramic as אִילְיָא.
הׇכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית יְהֹוָה אָֽבְלוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים מְשָׁרְתֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
The meal offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house of the Lord; the priests, the Lord’s ministers, mourn.
The meal offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house of the Lord; the priests, the Lord’s ministers, mourn.
Rashi
הָכְרַת. כְּמוֹ ׳נִכְרַת׳, הֵ״א הַנְּקוּדָה בְּחָטַף קָמַץ עוֹמֶדֶת בִּמְקוֹם נוּ״ן כְּמוֹ ״וְחַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה הָשְׁלְמָה לָךְ״ (איוב ה:כג):
have been cut off Heb. הָכְרַת, like נִכְרַת. The “hey” vowelized with a short “kamatz” takes the place of a “nun.” Comp. (Job 5:23), “And the beast of the field made peace (הָשְׁלְמָה) with you.”
שֻׁדַּד שָׂדֶה אָבְלָה אֲדָמָה כִּי שֻׁדַּד דָּגָן הוֹבִישׁ תִּירוֹשׁ אֻמְלַל יִצְהָֽר׃
The field is wasted, the land mourns; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil languishes.
The field is wasted, the land mourns; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil languishes.
הֹבִישׁוּ אִכָּרִים הֵילִילוּ כֹּֽרְמִים עַל־חִטָּה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָה כִּי אָבַד קְצִיר שָׂדֶֽה׃
Be ashamed, O you farmers; wail, O you vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley; because the harvest of the field is perished.
Be ashamed, O you farmers; wail, O you vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley; because the harvest of the field is perished.
Rashi
הוֹבִישׁוּ. הִכָּלְמוּ:
Be ashamed Heb. הֹבִישוּ
אִכָּרִים. מַנְהִיגֵי הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה:
plowmen Heb. אִכָּרִים. Those who guide the plowshare.
עַל חִטָּה וְעַל שְׂעוֹרָה. מוּסָב עַל אִכָּרִים, וְעַל הַכּוֹרְמִים אָמַר:
for wheat and for barley—This refers back to the plowmen, and concerning the vine dressers, he says...
הַגֶּפֶן הוֹבִישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָה אֻמְלָלָה רִמּוֹן גַּם־תָּמָר וְתַפּוּחַ כׇּל־עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה יָבֵשׁוּ כִּי־הֹבִישׁ שָׂשׂוֹן מִן־בְּנֵי אָדָֽם׃ {ס}
The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languishes; the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, all the trees of the field, are withered because joy is withered away from the sons of men.
The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languishes; the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, all the trees of the field, are withered because joy is withered away from the sons of men.
Rashi
הַגֶּפֶן הוֹבִישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָה אֻמְלָלָה. נִכְרְתָה פָּסַק פִּרְיָהּ:
The vines have dried up, and the fig trees have been cut off Heb. הוֹבִישָׁה, it was cut off, its produce terminated.
הוֹבִישׁ. כְּמוֹ ׳יָבֵשׁ׳:
has dried up Heb. הֹבִיש, like יָבֵש
חִגְרוּ וְסִפְדוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים הֵילִילוּ מְשָׁרְתֵי מִזְבֵּחַ בֹּאוּ לִינוּ בַשַּׂקִּים מְשָׁרְתֵי אֱלֹהָי כִּי נִמְנַע מִבֵּית אֱלֹהֵיכֶם מִנְחָה וָנָֽסֶךְ׃
Gird yourselves, and lament, you priests: wail, you ministers of the altar: come, lie all night in sackcloth, you ministers of my God: for the meal offering and the drink offering is withheld from the house of your God.
Gird yourselves, and lament, you priests: wail, you ministers of the altar: come, lie all night in sackcloth, you ministers of my God: for the meal offering and the drink offering is withheld from the house of your God.
קַדְּשׁוּ־צוֹם קִרְאוּ עֲצָרָה אִסְפוּ זְקֵנִים כֹּל יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ בֵּית יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם וְזַעֲקוּ אֶל־יְהֹוָֽה׃
Sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the Lord your God, and cry to the Lord.
Sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the Lord your God, and cry to the Lord.
Rashi
קַדְּשׁוּ צוֹם. הַזְמִינוּ צוֹם:
Proclaim a fast Heb. קַדְּשׁוּ, designate a fast
עֲצָרָה. אֲסִיפָה:
an assembly Heb. עֲצָרָה, a gathering.
אֲהָהּ לַיּוֹם כִּי קָרוֹב יוֹם יְהֹוָה וּכְשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבֽוֹא׃
Alas for the day! for the day of the Lord is at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come.
Alas for the day! for the day of the Lord is at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come.
Rashi
אֲהָהּ. לְשׁוֹן גְּנִיחַת יְלָלָה:
Woe Heb. אֲהָהּ. An expression of sighing and wailing.
וּכְשׁוֹד. וּכְבִזַּת שׁוֹדְדִים:
and like plunder Heb. וּכְשֹׁד. Like the plunder of brigands.
יָבוֹא. מֵאֵת הַמָּקוֹם:
it will come—from the Omnipresent.
הֲלוֹא נֶגֶד עֵינֵינוּ אֹכֶל נִכְרָת מִבֵּית אֱלֹהֵינוּ שִׂמְחָה וָגִֽיל׃
Is not the food cut off before our eyes, joy and gladness from the house of our God?
Is not the food cut off before our eyes, joy and gladness from the house of our God?
Rashi
נֶגֶד עֵינֵינוּ. אָנוּ רוֹאִים:
from before our eyes—I.e., we see it.
עָבְשׁוּ פְרֻדוֹת תַּחַת מֶגְרְפֹתֵיהֶם נָשַׁמּוּ אֹֽצָרוֹת נֶהֶרְסוּ מַמְּגֻרוֹת כִּי הֹבִישׁ דָּגָֽן׃
The seed shrivels under their clods, the garners are laid desolate, the barns are broken down; for the corn is withered.
The seed shrivels under their clods, the garners are laid desolate, the barns are broken down; for the corn is withered.
Rashi
עָבְשׁוּ. הֶעֱלוּ חֲלוּדָה וְעִפּוּשׁ בְּלַעַ״ז מוי״ישיר:
have gathered mold Heb. עָבְשׁוּ, have gathered rust and mold. in French moisir, to become moldy.
פְּרֻדּוֹת. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן ״גַּרְבֵּי חַמְרָא״:
casks of wine Heb. פְרֻדּדוֹת. Jonathan renders: casks of wine.
מֶגְרְפֹתֵיהֶם. תַּרְגּוּם יוֹנָתָן ״מְגוּפָתְהוֹן״ מְגוּפַת כִּסּוּי הֶחָבִיּוֹת:
under their bungs Heb. מֶגְרְפֹתֵיהֶם. Jonathan renders: מְגוּפָתֵיהוֹן, the cover of the cask.
נָשַׁמּוּ אוֹצָרוֹת. שֶׁל יַיִן וְשֶׁל שֶׁמֶן:
the storehouses are laid desolate—I.e. the storehouses of wine and oil.
מַמְּגֻרוֹת. מְגוּרוֹת שֶׁל חִטִּין:
garners are demolished—Granaries of wheat.
מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָה בְהֵמָה נָבֹכוּ עֶדְרֵי בָקָר כִּי אֵין מִרְעֶה לָהֶם גַּם־עֶדְרֵי הַצֹּאן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃
How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.
How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.
Rashi
נָבֹכוּ. נִתְעַרְבְּלוּ וְנִסְגְּרוּ וְתָעוּ בַּיְּעָרִים וּבַמִּדְבָּרוֹת:
herds of cattle are perplexed—They are confounded. They are closed in and astray in the forests and in the wilderness.
נֶאְשָׁמוּ. נִתְקַלְקְלוּ בְּאַשְׁמָתָן:
are laid waste Heb. נֶאְשָׁמוּ. have become spoiled through their guilt.
אֵלֶיךָ יְהֹוָה אֶקְרָא כִּי אֵשׁ אָֽכְלָה נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר וְלֶהָבָה לִהֲטָה כׇּל־עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃
O Lord, to thee do I cry: for the fire has devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and the flame has burned all the trees of the field.
O Lord, to thee do I cry: for the fire has devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and the flame has burned all the trees of the field.
Rashi
נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר. לְשׁוֹן ׳נָוֶה׳:
the dwellings of the wilderness Heb. נְאוֹת, an expression of a dwelling (נָוֶה).
גַּם־בַּהֲמוֹת שָׂדֶה תַּעֲרוֹג אֵלֶיךָ כִּי יָֽבְשׁוּ אֲפִיקֵי מָיִם וְאֵשׁ אָכְלָה נְאוֹת הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ {ס}
Even beasts of the field cry to Thee: for the water courses are dried up, and the fire has devoured the pastures of the wilderness.
Even beasts of the field cry to Thee: for the water courses are dried up, and the fire has devoured the pastures of the wilderness.
Rashi
תַּעֲרוֹג. תִּצְעַק כַּאֲשֶׁר פָּתַר דּוּנַשׁ עָרַג לְאַיָּלִים נָהַם לִשְׁחָלִים וְגָעָה לַעֲגָלִים וְצָהַל לְסוּסִים צִפְצוּף לְעוֹפוֹת וְנָבַח לִכְלָבִים:
cry out Heb. תַּעֲרֹג, will cry out, as Dunash (Teshuvoth Dunash, p. 18) interpreted it: ערג is the cry of the hinds. נהם is the roar of the lions; געה is the lowing of the calves; צהל is the whinnying of the horses; צִפצוּף is the chirping of the birds, and נבח is the barking of the dogs. [Also the beasts of the field—I.e., the hind of the field.]
אֶל יוֹאֵל בֶּן פְּתוּאֵל. בֶּן שְׁמוּאֵל הַנָּבִיא, שֶׁפִּתָּה לָאֵל בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁנְּבוּאָה זוֹ נֶאֶמְרָה בְּאוֹתָן שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים שֶׁאָמַר אֱלִישָׁע (מלכים ב ח:א) ״כִּי קָרָא ה׳ לָרָעָב וְגוֹ׳״ וּבִימֵי יְהוֹרָם בֶּן אַחְאָב הָיוּ. וּבַהֲלָכוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת נִמְצָא יוֹאֵל וְנָחוּם וַחֲבַקּוּק הָיוּ בִּימֵי מְנַשֶּׁה:
to Joel son of Pethuel—The son of Samuel the prophet who persuaded God with his prayer (פִתָּה לְאֵל) . Some say that this prophecy was said in those seven years in which Elisha said: “For the Lord has decreed a famine etc.” and they took place during the days of Jehoram son of Ahab.