Tanach
Yonah 1 יונה א׳
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וַֽיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהֹוָה אֶל־יוֹנָה בֶן־אֲמִתַּי לֵאמֹֽר׃
Now the word of the Lord came to Yona the son of Amittay, saying,
Now the word of the Lord came to Yona the son of Amittay, saying,
קוּם לֵךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵה הָעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה וּקְרָא עָלֶיהָ כִּֽי־עָלְתָה רָעָתָם לְפָנָֽי׃
Arise, go to Nineve, that great city, and cry against it; for their wickedness is come up before me.
Arise, go to Nineve, that great city, and cry against it; for their wickedness is come up before me.
Rashi
וַיָּקׇם יוֹנָה לִבְרֹחַ תַּרְשִׁישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וַיֵּרֶד יָפוֹ וַיִּמְצָא אֳנִיָּה ׀ בָּאָה תַרְשִׁישׁ וַיִּתֵּן שְׂכָרָהּ וַיֵּרֶד בָּהּ לָבוֹא עִמָּהֶם תַּרְשִׁישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵי יְהֹוָֽה׃
But Yona rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord, and went down to Yafo; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: so he paid the fare of it, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord.
But Yona rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord, and went down to Yafo; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: so he paid the fare of it, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord.
Rashi
לברוח תרשישה. ים ששמו תרשיש והוא בחוצה לארץ אמר אברח לי הים שאין השכינה שורה בח"ל אמר לו הקב"ה חייך יש לי שלוחים כיוצא בך לשלוח אחריך ולהביאך משם משל לעבד כהן שברח מן רבו ונכנס לבית הקברות אמר לו רבו יש לי עבדים כיוצא בך לשלוח אחריך ולהביאך משם ומה ראה יונה שלא רצה לילך אל נינוה אמר העכו"ם קרובי תשובה הם אם אומר להם ויעשו תשובה נמצאתי מחייב את ישראל שאין שומעים לדברי הנביאים:
to flee to Tarshish—I.e, to a sea named Tarshish, which is outside the Holy Land. He said, “I will flee to the sea, for the Shechinah does not rest outside the Holy Land.” Said the Holy One, blessed be He, to him, “By your life, I have messengers like you to send after you and fetch you from there.” This is illustrated by an allegory of a priest’s slave who fled from his master and entered a cemetery [making it impossible for his master to retrieve him]. His master said to him, “I have slaves like you to send after you and fetch you from there.” Now what did Jonah see that he did not wish to go to Nineveh? He said, “The gentiles are quick to repent. Should I prophesy to them and they repent, I will be found condemning Israel, who do not heed the words of the prophets.” [from Mechilta, Exodus 12:1]
ויתן שכרה. הקדים לתת שכרה ואין דרך יורדי הים לתת שכר הספינה עד שעת היציאה והוא הקדים ולא עוד אלא שנתן שכר כולה:
and he paid its hire—He paid its hire in advance; although it is not customary for those embarking upon the sea to pay the hire of the ship until they leave, he paid in advance. [Pirké d’Rabbi Eliezer, ch. 10; Tanhuma, Vayikra 8].
וַֽיהֹוָה הֵטִיל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה אֶל־הַיָּם וַיְהִי סַֽעַר־גָּדוֹל בַּיָּם וְהָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃
But the Lord hurled a great wind upon the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship seemed likely to be wrecked.
But the Lord hurled a great wind upon the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship seemed likely to be wrecked.
Rashi
חשבה להשבר. נדמית כאלו היא נשברת:
threatened to be broken—It appears as though it would be broken.
וַיִּֽירְאוּ הַמַּלָּחִים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ אִישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו וַיָּטִלוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה אֶל־הַיָּם לְהָקֵל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶם וְיוֹנָה יָרַד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי הַסְּפִינָה וַיִּשְׁכַּב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃
Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man to his god, and threw out the articles that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it for them. But Yona was gone down into the recesses of the ship; and he lay down, and was fast asleep.
Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man to his god, and threw out the articles that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it for them. But Yona was gone down into the recesses of the ship; and he lay down, and was fast asleep.
Rashi
המלחים. בני אדם המנהיגים את הספינה:
And the sailors—The men who conducted the ship.
איש אל אלהיו. מן שבעים אומות של עכו"ם היו שם:
each one... to his god—Of the seventy nations of the heathens were there.
וַיִּקְרַב אֵלָיו רַב הַחֹבֵל וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ מַה־לְּךָ נִרְדָּם קוּם קְרָא אֶל־אֱלֹהֶיךָ אוּלַי יִתְעַשֵּׁת הָאֱלֹהִים לָנוּ וְלֹא נֹאבֵֽד׃
So the shipmaster came to him, and said to him, What meanest thou, O sleeper? arise, call upon thy God, perhaps God will think upon us, that we perish not.
So the shipmaster came to him, and said to him, What meanest thou, O sleeper? arise, call upon thy God, perhaps God will think upon us, that we perish not.
Rashi
רב החובל. שר המלחים שאף הם נקראים חובלי הים ובלע"ז גובירניי"ל:
The captain Heb. רַב הַחוֹבֵל, the captain of the sailors, for they, too, are called חוֹבְלֵי הַיָּם, the sailors of the sea; in O.F., gobernedors.
מה לך נרדם. מה לך להיות נרדם אין עתה עת רדם:
“What is the matter with you, sleeper?”—What is the matter with you to be sound asleep? Now is no time to sleep.
יתעשת. לשון מחשבה וכן (תהלים קמז) עשתנותיו ומלכא עשית (דניאל ז):
will think Heb. יִתְעַשֵּׁת, an expression of thought. Cf. (Ps. 146:4) “his thoughts (עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָיו).” (Dan. 6:4) “And the king thought (עֲשִׁית).” [from Machberet Menachem p.139]
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ לְכוּ וְנַפִּילָה גֽוֹרָלוֹת וְנֵדְעָה בְּשֶׁלְּמִי הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת לָנוּ וַיַּפִּלוּ גּֽוֹרָלוֹת וַיִּפֹּל הַגּוֹרָל עַל־יוֹנָֽה׃
And they said everyone to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Yona.
And they said everyone to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Yona.
Rashi
לכו ונפילה גורלות. רואים היו שאר ספינות הולכות בים בשלום ושלהם משתברת אמרו בשביל אחד ממנו הוא כן מצינו בפרקי דר' אליעזר:
“Come, let’s cast lots”—They saw that the other ships were sailing in the sea calmly, and theirs was breaking. They said, “Because of one of us, this is taking place.” So we find in Pirké d’Rabbi Eliezer (ch. 10).
בשלמי. במעשיו של מי ממנו:
because of whom Heb. בְּשֶׁלְמִי, because of the deeds of which one of us.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו הַגִּידָה־נָּא לָנוּ בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי־הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת לָנוּ מַה־מְּלַאכְתְּךָ וּמֵאַיִן תָּבוֹא מָה אַרְצֶךָ וְאֵֽי־מִזֶּה עַם אָֽתָּה׃
Then they said to him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose cause this evil is upon us; what is thy occupation? and where dost thou come from? what is thy country? and of what people art thou?
Then they said to him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose cause this evil is upon us; what is thy occupation? and where dost thou come from? what is thy country? and of what people art thou?
Rashi
הגידה נא לנו באשר למי. למי חטאת אשר בשביל כן הרעה הזאת לנו:
“Tell us now, because of whom—Against whom have you sinned, that this evil should befall us because of it
מה מלאכתך. שמא פשעת באומנותיך:
What is your work—Perhaps you were negligent in your work.
ומאין תבא. שמא על אנשי אותו מקום נגזרה גזירה אפי' אין אתה בה:
and whence do you come? Perhaps a decree has been issued upon the people of that place even if you are not there.
ואי מזה עם אתה. שמא עמך חטאו:
and from what people are you?”—Perhaps your people have sinned.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם עִבְרִי אָנֹכִי וְאֶת־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם אֲנִי יָרֵא אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה אֶת־הַיָּם וְאֶת־הַיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃
And he said to them, I am a Hebrew; and I fear the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.
And he said to them, I am a Hebrew; and I fear the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.
וַיִּֽירְאוּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים יִרְאָה גְדוֹלָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ כִּֽי־יָדְעוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים כִּֽי־מִלִּפְנֵי יְהֹוָה הוּא בֹרֵחַ כִּי הִגִּיד לָהֶֽם׃
Then the men were exceedingly afraid, and they said to him, Why hast thou done this? For the men knew that he had fled from the presence of the Lord, because he had told them.
Then the men were exceedingly afraid, and they said to him, Why hast thou done this? For the men knew that he had fled from the presence of the Lord, because he had told them.
Rashi
מה זאת עשית. למה עשית כן לברוח מן מושל כזה:
“What is this that you have done?”—Why have you done this, to flee from before such a Ruler?
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂה לָּךְ וְיִשְׁתֹּק הַיָּם מֵֽעָלֵינוּ כִּי הַיָּם הוֹלֵךְ וְסֹעֵֽר׃
Then they said to him, What shall we do to thee, that the sea may be calm for us? for the sea grew more and more tempestuous.
Then they said to him, What shall we do to thee, that the sea may be calm for us? for the sea grew more and more tempestuous.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם שָׂאוּנִי וַהֲטִילֻנִי אֶל־הַיָּם וְיִשְׁתֹּק הַיָּם מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶם כִּי יוֹדֵעַ אָנִי כִּי בְשֶׁלִּי הַסַּעַר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃
And he said to them, Take me up, and cast me into the sea; so shall the sea be calm for you: for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you.
And he said to them, Take me up, and cast me into the sea; so shall the sea be calm for you: for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you.
וַיַּחְתְּרוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים לְהָשִׁיב אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָׁה וְלֹא יָכֹלוּ כִּי הַיָּם הוֹלֵךְ וְסֹעֵר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring the ship back to land; but they could not: for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.
Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring the ship back to land; but they could not: for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.
Rashi
ויחתרו האנשים. יגעו ועסקו כחותר במחתרת:
And the men rowed vigorously Heb. וַיַחְתְּרוּ, they toiled and busied themselves like one who digs a tunnel.
וַיִּקְרְאוּ אֶל־יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ אָנָּה יְהֹוָה אַל־נָא נֹאבְדָה בְּנֶפֶשׁ הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן עָלֵינוּ דָּם נָקִיא כִּֽי־אַתָּה יְהֹוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר חָפַצְתָּ עָשִֽׂיתָ׃
So they cried to the Lord, and said, We beseech Thee, O Lord, we beseech thee, let us not perish for this man’s life, and lay not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O Lord, hast done as it pleased Thee.
So they cried to the Lord, and said, We beseech Thee, O Lord, we beseech thee, let us not perish for this man’s life, and lay not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O Lord, hast done as it pleased Thee.
Rashi
בנפש האיש הזה. בעון שנשלח יד בנפשו:
for the life of this man—I.e, for the sin of laying a hand upon his life.
וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֶת־יוֹנָה וַיְטִלֻהוּ אֶל־הַיָּם וַיַּעֲמֹד הַיָּם מִזַּעְפּֽוֹ׃
So they took up Yona, and cast him into the sea: and the sea ceased from its raging.
So they took up Yona, and cast him into the sea: and the sea ceased from its raging.
וַיִּֽירְאוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים יִרְאָה גְדוֹלָה אֶת־יְהֹוָה וַיִּֽזְבְּחוּ־זֶבַח לַֽיהֹוָה וַֽיִּדְּרוּ נְדָרִֽים׃
Then the men feared the Lord exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice to the Lord, and made vows.
Then the men feared the Lord exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice to the Lord, and made vows.
Rashi
וידרו נדרים. שיתגיירו:
and they made vows—that they would proselytize.
וקרא עליה. את קריאתי:
and proclaim against—My proclamation.