Tanach
Bamidbar 10:29-34 במדבר י׳:כ״ט-ל״ד
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וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹבָב בֶּן־רְעוּאֵל הַמִּדְיָנִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה נֹסְעִים ׀ אֲנַחְנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֹתוֹ אֶתֵּן לָכֶם לְכָה אִתָּנוּ וְהֵטַבְנוּ לָךְ כִּֽי־יְהֹוָה דִּבֶּר־טוֹב עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Moshe said to Chovav the son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moshe’s father-in-law: “We are journeying to the place about which Adonoy said; ‘I will give it to you’, come along with us and we will treat you well, for Adonoy spoke of bringing good [fortune] on Israel.”
Moshe said to Chovav the son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moshe’s father-in-law: “We are journeying to the place about which Adonoy said; ‘I will give it to you’, come along with us and we will treat you well, for Adonoy spoke of bringing good [fortune] on Israel.”
Rashi
נסעים אנחנו אל המקום. מִיָּד — עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים אָנוּ נִכְנָסִין לָאָרֶץ, שֶׁבְּמַסָּע זֶה הָרִאשׁוֹן נָסְעוּ עַל מְנָת לִכָּנֵס לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶלָּא שֶׁחָטְאוּ בְּמִתְאוֹנְנִים; וּמִפְּנֵי מָה שִׁתֵּף מֹשֶׁה עַצְמוֹ עִמָּהֶם? שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא נִגְזְרָה גְזֵרָה עָלָיו וּכְסָבוּר שֶׁהוּא נִכְנָס (עי' שם):
We are journeying to the place. Immediately. Within three days, we enter the [holy] land. Because at this first journey, they traveled with the intention of entering Eretz Yisroel, but they sinned with the complainers. But why did Moshe include himself with them? Because the decree was not yet issued against him, and he thought he would enter.
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו לֹא אֵלֵךְ כִּי אִם־אֶל־אַרְצִי וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּי אֵלֵֽךְ׃
He said to him “I will not go, but rather to my land and to my birthplace will I go.”
He said to him “I will not go, but rather to my land and to my birthplace will I go.”
Rashi
אל ארצי ואל מולדתי. אִם בִּשְׁבִיל נְכָסַי, אִם בִּשְׁבִיל מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי:
To my land and to my birthplace. Whether for the sake of my properties, or for the sake of my family.
וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־נָא תַּעֲזֹב אֹתָנוּ כִּי ׀ עַל־כֵּן יָדַעְתָּ חֲנֹתֵנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְהָיִיתָ לָּנוּ לְעֵינָֽיִם׃
He said to him “please do not forsake us, for, because you know of our encampment in the desert, and you will be our eyes.
He said to him “please do not forsake us, for, because you know of our encampment in the desert, and you will be our eyes.
Rashi
אל נא תעזב. אֵין נָא אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן בַּקָּשָׁה, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ לֹא נִתְגַּיֵּר יִתְרוֹ מֵחִבָּה, סָבוּר הָיָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַגֵּרִים חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם חֵלֶק, הִנִּיחָם וְהָלַךְ לוֹ (שם):
Please do not forsake. נָא is a term indicating nothing but request, so that they will not say Yisro did not convert out of devotion. He thought that proselytes receive a portion of the land [but] now that he saw that they do not receive a portion, he left them and went on his way.
כי על כן ידעת חנתנו במדבר. כִּי נָאֶה לְךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת זֹאת, עַל אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ חֲנוֹתֵנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְרָאִיתָ נִסִּים וּגְבוּרוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לָנוּ:
For, because you know of our encampment in the desert. For it is appropriate for you to do this, because you know of our encampment in the desert, and you saw the miracles and mightiness done for us.
כי על כן ידעת. כְּמוֹ עַל אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ, כְּמוֹ "כִּי עַל כֵּן לֹא נְתַתִּיהָ לְשֵׁלָה בְנִי" (בראשית ל"ח), "כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם" (בראשית י"ט), "כִּי עַל כֵּן בָּאוּ" (בראשית י"ט), "כִּי עַל כֵּן רָאִיתִי פָנֶיךָ" (בראשית ל"ג):
For, because you know. Like עַל אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ, “because” you know, as in כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” I did not give her to my son Shelah, כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” you passed by, כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” they came, כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” I saw your face.
והיית לנו לעינים. לְשׁוֹן עָבָר, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ; דָּ"אַ: לְשׁוֹן עָתִיד — כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר שֶׁיִּתְעַלֵּם מֵעֵינֵינוּ, תִּהְיֶה מֵאִיר עֵינֵינוּ; דָּ"אַ: שֶׁתְּהֵא חָבִיב עָלֵינוּ כְּגַלְגַּל עֵינֵינוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י') "וַאֲהַבְתֶּם אֶת הַגֵּר" (ספרי):
You will be our eyes. Past tense, as Targum [Onkelos] renders. Another interpretation: Future tense. [Should] anything [be] concealed from our eyes, you shall enlighten our eyes. Another interpretation: You shall be as precious to us as the pupils of our eyes, as it is said, “You shall love the proselyte.”
וְהָיָה כִּי־תֵלֵךְ עִמָּנוּ וְהָיָה ׀ הַטּוֹב הַהוּא אֲשֶׁר יֵיטִיב יְהֹוָה עִמָּנוּ וְהֵטַבְנוּ לָֽךְ׃
It will be, that when you go with us, it shall be that the very good which Adonoy will bestow on us we will bestow on (share with) you.
It will be, that when you go with us, it shall be that the very good which Adonoy will bestow on us we will bestow on (share with) you.
Rashi
והיה הטוב ההוא. מַה טּוֹבָה הֵטִיבוּ לוֹ? אָמְרוּ, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְחַלְּקִין אֶת הָאָרֶץ, הָיָה דֻּשְׁנָהּ שֶׁל יְרִיחוֹ ת"ק אַמָּה עַל ת"ק אַמָּה וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ מִלַּחֲלֹק, אָמְרוּ מִי שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בְּחֶלְקוֹ הוּא יִטְּלֶנּוּ, וּבֵין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ נְתָנוּהוּ לִבְנֵי יִתְרוֹ לְיוֹנָדָב בֶּן רֵכָב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבְנֵי קֵינִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עָלוּ מֵעִיר הַתְּמָרִים" וְגוֹ' (שופטים א'):
It shall be that the very good (lit. that good). What good did they bestow upon him? They said: “When the Israelites divided the land there was a fertile area of Yericho, five hundred amos by five hundred amos, which they left undivided.” They said: “The one in whose portion the Temple would be built would take it.” In the interim, they gave it to the children of Yisro, to Yonadav, the son of Rechav, as it is said, “The sons of Keini, Moshe’s father-in-law, went up from the city of the dates, etc . . .”
וַיִּסְעוּ מֵהַר יְהֹוָה דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים וַאֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהֹוָה נֹסֵעַ לִפְנֵיהֶם דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים לָתוּר לָהֶם מְנוּחָֽה׃
They traveled from the mountain of Adonoy a journey of three days, and the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy traveled in front of them a journey of three days, to prepare for them a place to settle.
They traveled from the mountain of Adonoy a journey of three days, and the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy traveled in front of them a journey of three days, to prepare for them a place to settle.
Rashi
דרך שלשת ימים. מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים הָלְכוּ בְיוֹם אֶחָד, שֶׁהָיָה הַקָּבָּ"ה חָפֵץ לְהַכְנִיסָם לָאָרֶץ מִיָּד (ספרי):
A journey of three days. Three days’ traveling distance, they traveled in one day, because the Holy One, Blessed is He, wanted to bring them into the land immediately.
וארון ברית ה' נסע לפניהם דרך שלשת ימים. זֶה הָאָרוֹן הַיּוֹצֵא עִמָּהֶם לַמִּלְחָמָה וּבוֹ שִׁבְרֵי לוּחוֹת מוּנָחִים, וּמַקְדִּים לִפְנֵיהֶם דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים, לְתַקֵּן לָהֶם מְקוֹם חֲנִיָּה (שם; תלמוד ירושלמי שקלים ו'):
The Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy traveled in front of them a journey of three days. This was the Ark which went with them to war, in which the broken Tablets were placed. It preceded them by three days’ travel to prepare a camping place for them.
וַעֲנַן יְהֹוָה עֲלֵיהֶם יוֹמָם בְּנׇסְעָם מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ {ס}
The Cloud of Adonoy was above them by day when they traveled from the camp.
The Cloud of Adonoy was above them by day when they traveled from the camp.
Rashi
וענן ה' עליהם יומם. שִׁבְעָה עֲנָנִים כְּתוּבִים בְּמַסְעֵיהֶם, אַרְבָּעָה מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת, וְאֶחָד לְמַעְלָה, וְאֶחָד לְמַטָּה, וְאֶחָד לִפְנֵיהֶם מַנְמִיךְ אֶת הַגָּבוֹהַּ וּמַגְבִּיהַּ אֶת הַנָּמוּךְ וְהוֹרֵג נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים (ספרי; מכילתא שמות י"ג):
The Cloud of Adonoy was above them. Seven Clouds are recorded during their journeys; Four on four sides, one above, one below, and one preceding them, to lower the highlands, raise the lowlands, and to kill snakes and scorpions.
מן המחנה. מִמְּקוֹם חֲנִיָּתָן:
From the camp. From their camping place.
חבב. הוּא יִתְרוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מִבְּנֵי חֹבָב חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה" (שופטים ד'), וּמַה תַּ"ל "וַתָּבֹאנָה אֶל רְעוּאֵל אֲבִיהֶן"? מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהַתִּינוֹקוֹת קוֹרִין לַאֲבִי אֲבִיהֶן אַבָּא; וְשֵׁמוֹת הַרְבֵּה הָיוּ לוֹ, "יִתְרוֹ" עַל שֵׁם שֶׁיִּתֵּר פָּרָשָׁה אַחַת בַּתּוֹרָה, "חוֹבָב" עַל שֶׁחִבֵּב אֶת הַתּוֹרָה וְכוּ' (ספרי):
Chovav. This was Yisro, as it is said, “Of the children of Chovav, the father-in-law of Moshe.” Then why does the Torah say, “They came to their father, Reuel”? This teaches that children call their grandfather “father.” He had many names. “Yisro” [lit. “additional”] because he added a chapter to the Torah; “Chovav” [lit. “one who cherishes”] because he cherished the Torah, etc . . .