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10:1

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

10:2

עֲשֵׂה לְךָ שְׁתֵּי חֲצֽוֹצְרֹת כֶּסֶף מִקְשָׁה תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתָם וְהָיוּ לְךָ לְמִקְרָא הָֽעֵדָה וּלְמַסַּע אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֽוֹת׃

Make for yourself two silver trumpets; you shall make them, beaten [from one block], and they shall be used by you to summon the congregation and to initiate the departure of the camps.

Make for yourself two silver trumpets; you shall make them, beaten [from one block], and they shall be used by you to summon the congregation and to initiate the departure of the camps.

Rashi

(עשה לך. שֶׁיִּהְיוּ תוֹקְעִין לְפָנֶיךָ כְּמֶלֶךְ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיְהִי בִישֻׁרוּן מֶלֶךְ":

(Make for yourself. So that they they may sound the trumpet before you like a king, as it is said, “There was a king among the righteous.”

עשה לך. מִשֶּׁלְּךָ:

Make for yourself. From your own resources.

עשה לך. אַתָּה עֲשֵׂה וּמִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם וְלֹא אַחֵר):

Make for yourself. You shall make them and use them, but no one else.)

למקרא העדה. כְּשֶׁתִּרְצֶה לְדַבֵּר עִם סַנְהֶדְרִין וּשְׁאָר הָעָם וְתִקְרָאֵם לֶאֱסֹף אֵלֶיךָ, תִּקְרָאֵם עַ"יְ חֲצוֹצְרוֹת:

To summon the congregation. When you want to speak with the Sanhedrin or the rest of the people, and you summon them to gather before you, summon them with the trumpets.

ולמסע את המחנות. בִּשְׁעַת סִלּוּק מַסָּעוֹת תִּתְקְעוּ בָהֶם לְסִימָן, נִמְצֵאתָ אַתָּה אוֹמֵר עַ"פִּ שְׁלֹשָׁה הָיוּ נוֹסְעִים — עַל פִּי הַקָּבָּ"ה וְעַ"פִּ מֹשֶׁה וְעַ"פִּ הַחֲצוֹצְרוֹת (ברייתא דמל"ה פי"ג):

And to initiate the departure of the camps. At the time of the camps’ departure, sound them as a signal. Consequently, you say that they departed on the basis of three [initiatives]. By the word of the Holy One, Blessed is He; by the word of Moshe; and by the trumpets.

מקשה. מִן הָעֶשֶׁת תַּעֲשֶׂה בְּהַקָּשַׁת הַקֻּרְנָס:

Beaten. From a [single] ingot you should make it, by beating [it] with a hammer.

10:3

וְתָקְעוּ בָּהֵן וְנֽוֹעֲדוּ אֵלֶיךָ כׇּל־הָעֵדָה אֶל־פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃

When they will blow them, the entire congregation shall present itself to you at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.

When they will blow them, the entire congregation shall present itself to you at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.

Rashi

ותקעו בהן. בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וְהוּא סִימָן לְמִקְרָא הָעֵדָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנוֹעֲדוּ אֵלֶיךָ כָּל הָעֵדָה אֶל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד":

When they will blow them. Both of them. This is the signal for summoning the community, as it is said, “The entire community shall present itself to you at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.”

10:4

וְאִם־בְּאַחַת יִתְקָעוּ וְנוֹעֲדוּ אֵלֶיךָ הַנְּשִׂיאִים רָאשֵׁי אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

But if they blow one of them, the leaders shall present themselves to you, the heads of Israel’s thousands.

But if they blow one of them, the leaders shall present themselves to you, the heads of Israel’s thousands.

Rashi

ואם באחת יתקעו. הוּא סִימָן לְמִקְרָא הַנְּשִׂיאִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנוֹעֲדוּ אֵלֶיךָ הַנְּשִׂיאִים", וְאַף הֵן יְעִידָתָן אֶל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, וּמִגְּזֵרָה שָׁוָה הוּא בָא בְּסִפְרֵי:

But if they blow one of them. This is the signal for summoning the leaders, as it is said, “The leaders shall present themselves to you.” They, too, meet at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. This is derived by Scriptural comparison in Sifri.

10:5

וּתְקַעְתֶּם תְּרוּעָה וְנָֽסְעוּ הַֽמַּחֲנוֹת הַחֹנִים קֵֽדְמָה׃

When you blow a teruah; the camps that are camped eastward shall travel.

When you blow a teruah; the camps that are camped eastward shall travel.

Rashi

ותקעתם תרועה. סִימָן מַסַּע הַמַּחֲנוֹת תְּקִיעָה תְּרוּעָה וּתְקִיעָה, כָּךְ הוּא נִדְרָשׁ בְּסִפְרֵי מִן הַמִּקְרָאוֹת הַיְתֵרִים:

When you blow a teruah. The signal for the camps to depart; tekiah, teruah tekiah. This is how it is extrapolated by Sifri from the redundant passages.

10:6

וּתְקַעְתֶּם תְּרוּעָה שֵׁנִית וְנָֽסְעוּ הַֽמַּחֲנוֹת הַחֹנִים תֵּימָנָה תְּרוּעָה יִתְקְעוּ לְמַסְעֵיהֶֽם׃

If you blow a second teruah, then shall travel the camps that are camped on the south side. They shall blow a teruah for their journeys.

If you blow a second teruah, then shall travel the camps that are camped on the south side. They shall blow a teruah for their journeys.

10:7

וּבְהַקְהִיל אֶת־הַקָּהָל תִּתְקְעוּ וְלֹא תָרִֽיעוּ׃

But when gathering the congregation, you shall blow [a blast], but not a teruah.

But when gathering the congregation, you shall blow [a blast], but not a teruah.

Rashi

ובהקהיל את הקהל וגו'. לְפִי שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר "וְהָיוּ לְךָ לְמִקְרָא הָעֵדָה וּלְמַסַּע אֶת הַמַּחֲנוֹת", מַה מִּקְרָא הָעֵדָה תּוֹקֵעַ בְּב' כֹּהֲנִים וּבִשְׁתֵּיהֶם — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְתָקְעוּ בָהֵן" וְגוֹ' — אַף מַסַּע הַמַּחֲנוֹת בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶם, יָכוֹל מַה מַּסַּע הַמַּחֲנוֹת תּוֹקֵעַ וּמֵרִיעַ וְתוֹקֵעַ, אַף מִקְרָא הָעֵדָה תּוֹקֵעַ וּמֵרִיעַ וְתוֹקֵעַ — וּמֵעַתָּה אֵין חִלּוּק בֵּין מִקְרָא הָעֵדָה לְמַסַּע אֶת הַמַּחֲנוֹת — תַּ"ל "וּבְהַקְהִיל אֶת הַקָּהָל" וְגוֹ', לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין תְּרוּעָה לְמִקְרָא הָעֵדָה, וְהוּא הַדִּין לַנְּשִׂיאִים, הֲרֵי סִימָן לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּם, מִקְרָא הָעֵדָה בִּשְׁתַּיִם וְשֶׁל נְשִֹיאִים בְּאַחַת — וְזוֹ וָזוֹ אֵין בָּהֶם תְּרוּעָה — וּמַסַּע הַמַּחֲנוֹת בִּשְׁתַּיִם עַ"יְ תְרוּעָה וּתְקִיעָה (ספרי):

But when gathering the congregation, etc. Since it says, “they shall be used by you, to summon the congregation and to initiate departure of the camps” — [we derive that] just as, when summoning the community, the trumpeting is by two kohanim with both [trumpets], as it is said, “they shall trumpet with them, etc . . .” so, when initiating the camps’ departure, with both. Perhaps, just as, when initiating the camps’ departure, they sound the tekiah, teruah, and tekiah, so, too, when summoning the community, they sound the tekiah, teruah, and tekiah, thus leaving no differentiation between summoning the community and initiating the camps’ departure? The Torah therefore teaches, “But when gathering the congregation, etc. . .” to say that there is no teruah for gathering the community. The same rule applies for the leaders. Here is a synopsis for all three: summoning the community with two, that of the leaders with one. Each of these has no teruah. Initiating the camps’ departure with two, through the teruah and tekiah.

10:8

וּבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֲנִים יִתְקְעוּ בַּחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת וְהָיוּ לָכֶם לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃

The sons of Aharon, the kohanim, shall sound the trumpets. This shall be for you an everlasting statute, for all your descendants.

The sons of Aharon, the kohanim, shall sound the trumpets. This shall be for you an everlasting statute, for all your descendants.

Rashi

ובני אהרן … יתקעו. בַּמִּקְרָאוֹת וּבַמַּסָּעוֹת הַלָּלוּ:

The sons of Aharon . . . shall sound. For those summonings and departures.

10:9

וְכִֽי־תָבֹאוּ מִלְחָמָה בְּאַרְצְכֶם עַל־הַצַּר הַצֹּרֵר אֶתְכֶם וַהֲרֵעֹתֶם בַּחֲצֹצְרֹת וְנִזְכַּרְתֶּם לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם וְנוֹשַׁעְתֶּם מֵאֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃

If war shall come into your land against the oppresor who oppresses you and you shall blow teruahs with the trumpets and you will be remembered before Adonoy, your God, and you will be delivered from you enemies.

If war shall come into your land against the oppresor who oppresses you and you shall blow teruahs with the trumpets and you will be remembered before Adonoy, your God, and you will be delivered from you enemies.

10:10

וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַתְכֶם וּֽבְמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם וּבְרָאשֵׁי חׇדְשֵׁיכֶם*(בספרי ספרד ואשכנז חׇדְשֵׁכֶם) וּתְקַעְתֶּם בַּחֲצֹֽצְרֹת עַל עֹלֹתֵיכֶם וְעַל זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵיכֶם וְהָיוּ לָכֶם לְזִכָּרוֹן לִפְנֵי אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ {פ}

On your joyous days and on your festivals and on the beginnings of your months you shall blow with the trumpets for your burnt-offerings and for your peace-offerings; and it shall be a remembrance for you before your God, I am Adonoy your God.

On your joyous days and on your festivals and on the beginnings of your months you shall blow with the trumpets for your burnt-offerings and for your peace-offerings; and it shall be a remembrance for you before your God, I am Adonoy your God.

Rashi

על עלתיכם. בְּקָרְבַּן צִבּוּר הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר (ערכין י"א):

For your burnt — offerings. Scripture speaks of the communal offerings.

אני ה' אלהיכם. מִכָּאן לָמַדְנוּ מַלְכִיּוֹת עִם זִכְרוֹנוֹת וְשׁוֹפָרוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּתְקַעְתֶּם" —זוֹ שׁוֹפָרוֹת, "לְזִכָּרוֹן" — זוֹ זִכְרוֹנוֹת, "אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם" — זוֹ מַלְכִיּוֹת וְכוּ' (ספרי):

I am Adonoy your God. From here we learn [that we combine Adonoy’s] Majesty, remembrance, and the shofar, as it is said, ”You shall blow” — hence the shofar, “as a remembrance” — this is remembrance, “I am Adonoy your God” — this is Majesty, etc.

10:11

וַיְהִי בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּעֶשְׂרִים בַּחֹדֶשׁ נַעֲלָה הֶֽעָנָן מֵעַל מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֻֽת׃

It was in the second year, in the second month on the twentieth of the month that the Cloud rose up from above the Mishkon of the Testimony.

It was in the second year, in the second month on the twentieth of the month that the Cloud rose up from above the Mishkon of the Testimony.

Rashi

בחדש השני. נִמְצֵאתָ אַתָּה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ חָסֵר עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים עָשׂוּ בְחוֹרֵב, שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ סִיוָן חָנוּ שָׁם וְלֹא נָסְעוּ עַד עֶשְׂרִים בְּאִיָּר לַשָּׁנָה הַבָּאָה:

In the second month. Thus you say that they spent twelve months minus ten days at Chorev, since on the first of the month of Sivan they encamped there and did not depart until the twentieth of Iyar the following year.

10:12

וַיִּסְעוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַסְעֵיהֶם מִמִּדְבַּר סִינָי וַיִּשְׁכֹּן הֶעָנָן בְּמִדְבַּר פָּארָֽן׃

Bnei Yisroel traveled along on their journeys, from the Sinai desert, and the Cloud came to rest in the desert of Paran.

Bnei Yisroel traveled along on their journeys, from the Sinai desert, and the Cloud came to rest in the desert of Paran.

Rashi

למסעיהם. כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הַמְפֹרָשׁ לְמַסַּע דִּגְלֵיהֶם, מִי רִאשׁוֹן וּמִי אַחֲרוֹן:

On their journeys. According to the rules specified for the journeying of their banners — who was first, and who last.

במדבר פארן. קִבְרוֹת הַתַּאֲוָה בְּמִדְבַּר פָּארָן הָיָה, וְשָׁם חָנוּ מִמַּסָּע זֶה:

In the desert of Paran. Kivros Hata’avoh was in the desert of Paran. That is where they camped after this journey.

10:13

וַיִּסְעוּ בָּרִאשֹׁנָה עַל־פִּי יְהֹוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃

This was the first time that they traveled, on the order of Adonoy, through Moshe.

This was the first time that they traveled, on the order of Adonoy, through Moshe.

10:14

וַיִּסַּע דֶּגֶל מַחֲנֵה בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה בָּרִאשֹׁנָה לְצִבְאֹתָם וְעַל־צְבָאוֹ נַחְשׁוֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃

Then traveled the banner of the sons of Yehudah’s camp in the forefront according to their divisions; in charge of its divisions [was] Nachshon the son of Aminadav.

Then traveled the banner of the sons of Yehudah’s camp in the forefront according to their divisions; in charge of its divisions [was] Nachshon the son of Aminadav.

10:15

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי יִשָּׂשכָר נְתַנְאֵל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Yissachar, [was] Nesanel the son of Tzu’ar.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Yissachar, [was] Nesanel the son of Tzu’ar.

10:16

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי זְבוּלֻן אֱלִיאָב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Zevulun, [was] Eliav the son of Cheilon.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Zevulun, [was] Eliav the son of Cheilon.

10:17

וְהוּרַד הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְנָסְעוּ בְנֵֽי־גֵרְשׁוֹן וּבְנֵי מְרָרִי נֹשְׂאֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃

[Then] the Mishkon was dismantled and the sons of Gershon traveled, with the sons of Merori, those who carried the Mishkon.

[Then] the Mishkon was dismantled and the sons of Gershon traveled, with the sons of Merori, those who carried the Mishkon.

Rashi

והורד המשכן. כֵּיוָן שֶׁנּוֹסֵעַ דֶּגֶל יְהוּדָה, נִכְנְסוּ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו וּפָרְקוּ אֶת הַפָּרֹכֶת וְכִסּוּ בָהּ אֶת הָאָרוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבָא אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו בִּנְסֹעַ הַמַּחֲנֶה" (במדבר ד'), וּבְנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן וּבְנֵי מְרָרִי פוֹרְקִין הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְטוֹעֲנִין אוֹתוֹ בָּעֲגָלוֹת, וְהָאָרוֹן וּכְלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁל מַשָּׂא בְנֵי קְהָת עוֹמְדִים מְכֻסִּין וּנְתוּנִין עַל הַמּוֹטוֹת עַד שֶׁנָּסַע דֶּגֶל מַחֲנֵה רְאוּבֵן, וְאַ"כַּ "וְנָסְעוּ הַקְּהָתִים" (עי' תנחומא):

The Mishkon was dismantled. When the banner of Yehudah was departing, Aharon and his sons entered, dismantled the paroches, and covered the Ark with it, as it says, “Aharon and his sons shall enter when the camp is about to travel.” The sons of Gershon and the sons of Merori dismantled the Mishkon and loaded it onto the wagons [and traveled]. The Ark and the sacred vessels carried by the sons of Kehos remain covered, placed on poles, until the banner of the camp of Reuven departed. Afterward, “The Kehos family traveled.”

10:18

וְנָסַע דֶּגֶל מַחֲנֵה רְאוּבֵן לְצִבְאֹתָם וְעַל־צְבָאוֹ אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃

[Then] the banner of Reuven’s camp traveled, according to their divisions. In charge of its division [was] Elitzur the son of Shdeiur.

[Then] the banner of Reuven’s camp traveled, according to their divisions. In charge of its division [was] Elitzur the son of Shdeiur.

10:19

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁלֻֽמִיאֵל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Shimon, [was] Shlumiel the son of Tzurishadai.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Shimon, [was] Shlumiel the son of Tzurishadai.

10:20

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְנֵי־גָד אֶלְיָסָף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Gad, [was] Elyasaf the son of De’uel.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Gad, [was] Elyasaf the son of De’uel.

10:21

וְנָסְעוּ הַקְּהָתִים נֹשְׂאֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְהֵקִימוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן עַד־בֹּאָֽם׃

[Then] the Kehos family traveled, the carriers of the sacred, and they erected the Mishkon by the time of their arrival.

[Then] the Kehos family traveled, the carriers of the sacred, and they erected the Mishkon by the time of their arrival.

Rashi

נשאי המקדש. נוֹשְׂאֵי דְבָרִים הַמְקֻדָּשִׁים:

Carriers of the sacred. Carriers of the sacred objects.

והקימו את המשכן. בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן וּבְנֵי מְרָרִי שֶׁהָיוּ קוֹדְמִים לָהֶם מַסַּע שְׁנֵי דְגָלִים, הָיוּ מְקִימִין אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן כְּשֶׁהָיָה הֶעָנָן שׁוֹכֵן, וְסִימַן הַחֲנִיָּה נִרְאֶה בְּדֶגֶל מַחֲנֵה יְהוּדָה, וְהֵם חוֹנִים וַעֲדַיִן בְּנֵי קְהָת בָּאִים מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם עִם שְׁנֵי דְגָלִים הָאַחֲרוֹנִים, הָיוּ בְנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן וּבְנֵי מְרָרִי מְקִימִין אֶת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ; וּכְשֶׁבָּאִים בְּנֵי קְהָת מוֹצְאִים אוֹתוֹ עַל מְכוֹנוֹ, וּמַכְנִיסִין בּוֹ הָאָרוֹן וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַמְּנוֹרָה וְהַמִּזְבְּחוֹת, וְזֶהוּ מַשְׁמָעוּת הַמִּקְרָא — וְהֵקִימוּ מְקִימֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן אוֹתוֹ עד טֶרֶם באם שֶׁל בְּנֵי קְהָת:

They erected the Mishkon. The sons of Gershon and the sons of Merori, who were preceded by the departure of two banners, would erect the Mishkon when the Cloud rested. The signal for making camp was observed by the banner of the camp of Yehudah. They camped while the sons of Kehos still traveled behind with the two final banners. The sons of Gershon and the sons of Merori would erect the Sanctuary, so that when the sons of Kehos arrived, they found it set in place, and brought in the Ark, Table, Menorah, and Altars. This is the sense of the passage: “They — the Mishkon’s erectors — erected it before the arrival of the sons of Kehos.”

10:22

וְנָסַע דֶּגֶל מַחֲנֵה בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַיִם לְצִבְאֹתָם וְעַל־צְבָאוֹ אֱלִישָׁמָע בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃

[Then] the banner of the sons of Ephraim’s camp traveled according to their divisions. In charge of its division, [was] Elishamah the son of Amihud.

[Then] the banner of the sons of Ephraim’s camp traveled according to their divisions. In charge of its division, [was] Elishamah the son of Amihud.

10:23

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה גַּמְלִיאֵל בֶּן־פְּדָהצֽוּר׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Menashe, [was] Gamliel the son of Pedahtzur.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Menashe, [was] Gamliel the son of Pedahtzur.

10:24

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִן אֲבִידָן בֶּן־גִּדְעוֹנִֽי׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Binyamin, [was] Avidan the son of Gid’oni.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Binyamin, [was] Avidan the son of Gid’oni.

10:25

וְנָסַע דֶּגֶל מַחֲנֵה בְנֵי־דָן מְאַסֵּף לְכׇל־הַֽמַּחֲנֹת לְצִבְאֹתָם וְעַל־צְבָאוֹ אֲחִיעֶזֶר בֶּן־עַמִּישַׁדָּֽי׃

[Then] the banner of the sons of Don’s camp traveled; the gatherer for all the camps, according to their divisions. In charge of its division, [was] Achiezer the son of Amishadai.

[Then] the banner of the sons of Don’s camp traveled; the gatherer for all the camps, according to their divisions. In charge of its division, [was] Achiezer the son of Amishadai.

Rashi

מאסף לכל המחנת. תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי: לְפִי שֶׁהָיָה שִׁבְטוֹ שֶׁל דָּן מְרֻבֶּה בְּאֻכְלוֹסִים, הָיָה נוֹסֵעַ בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה, וְכָל מִי שֶׁהָיָה מְאַבֵּד דָּבָר הָיָה מַחֲזִירוֹ לוֹ; אִית מַאן דַּאֲמַר כְּתֵבָה הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין, וּמַפִּיק לָהּ מִן "כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ", וְאִית דְּאָמְרֵי כְּקוֹרָה הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין, וּמַפִּיק לָהּ מִן "מְאַסֵּף לְכָל הַמַּחֲנֹת" (תלמוד ירושלמי ערובין ה'):

The gatherer for all the camps. Talmud Yerushalmi [teaches]: Because the tribe of Don was heavily populated, they traveled last. If anyone lost property, it would return it to them. There is an opinion that they traveled in the shape of a box, derived from, “Just as they camped, so they traveled.” Another opinion is that they traveled in the shape of a beam, derived from “The gatherer for all the camps.”

10:26

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי אָשֵׁר פַּגְעִיאֵל בֶּן־עׇכְרָֽן׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Asher, [was] Pagiel the son of Ochran.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Asher, [was] Pagiel the son of Ochran.

10:27

וְעַל־צְבָא מַטֵּה בְּנֵי נַפְתָּלִי אֲחִירַע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Naftali, [was] Achirah the son of Einan.

In charge of the division of the tribe of the sons of Naftali, [was] Achirah the son of Einan.

10:28

אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְצִבְאֹתָם וַיִּסָּֽעוּ׃ {ס}        

These are the journeys of Bnei Yisroel according to their divisions; and they journeyed.

These are the journeys of Bnei Yisroel according to their divisions; and they journeyed.

Rashi

אלה מסעי. זֶה סֵדֶר מַסְעֵיהֶם:

These are the journeys. This is the order of their journeys.

ויסעו. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא נָסְעוּ:

They journeyed. On that day, they journeyed.

10:29

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹבָב בֶּן־רְעוּאֵל הַמִּדְיָנִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה נֹסְעִים ׀ אֲנַחְנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אָמַר יְהֹוָה אֹתוֹ אֶתֵּן לָכֶם לְכָה אִתָּנוּ וְהֵטַבְנוּ לָךְ כִּֽי־יְהֹוָה דִּבֶּר־טוֹב עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Moshe said to Chovav the son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moshe’s father-in-law: “We are journeying to the place about which Adonoy said; ‘I will give it to you’, come along with us and we will treat you well, for Adonoy spoke of bringing good [fortune] on Israel.”

Moshe said to Chovav the son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moshe’s father-in-law: “We are journeying to the place about which Adonoy said; ‘I will give it to you’, come along with us and we will treat you well, for Adonoy spoke of bringing good [fortune] on Israel.”

Rashi

חבב. הוּא יִתְרוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מִבְּנֵי חֹבָב חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה" (שופטים ד'), וּמַה תַּ"ל "וַתָּבֹאנָה אֶל רְעוּאֵל אֲבִיהֶן"? מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהַתִּינוֹקוֹת קוֹרִין לַאֲבִי אֲבִיהֶן אַבָּא; וְשֵׁמוֹת הַרְבֵּה הָיוּ לוֹ, "יִתְרוֹ" עַל שֵׁם שֶׁיִּתֵּר פָּרָשָׁה אַחַת בַּתּוֹרָה, "חוֹבָב" עַל שֶׁחִבֵּב אֶת הַתּוֹרָה וְכוּ' (ספרי):

Chovav. This was Yisro, as it is said, “Of the children of Chovav, the father-in-law of Moshe.” Then why does the Torah say, “They came to their father, Reuel”? This teaches that children call their grandfather “father.” He had many names. “Yisro” [lit. “additional”] because he added a chapter to the Torah; “Chovav” [lit. “one who cherishes”] because he cherished the Torah, etc . . .

נסעים אנחנו אל המקום. מִיָּד — עַד שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים אָנוּ נִכְנָסִין לָאָרֶץ, שֶׁבְּמַסָּע זֶה הָרִאשׁוֹן נָסְעוּ עַל מְנָת לִכָּנֵס לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶלָּא שֶׁחָטְאוּ בְּמִתְאוֹנְנִים; וּמִפְּנֵי מָה שִׁתֵּף מֹשֶׁה עַצְמוֹ עִמָּהֶם? שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא נִגְזְרָה גְזֵרָה עָלָיו וּכְסָבוּר שֶׁהוּא נִכְנָס (עי' שם):

We are journeying to the place. Immediately. Within three days, we enter the [holy] land. Because at this first journey, they traveled with the intention of entering Eretz Yisroel, but they sinned with the complainers. But why did Moshe include himself with them? Because the decree was not yet issued against him, and he thought he would enter.

10:30

וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו לֹא אֵלֵךְ כִּי אִם־אֶל־אַרְצִי וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּי אֵלֵֽךְ׃

He said to him “I will not go, but rather to my land and to my birthplace will I go.”

He said to him “I will not go, but rather to my land and to my birthplace will I go.”

Rashi

אל ארצי ואל מולדתי. אִם בִּשְׁבִיל נְכָסַי, אִם בִּשְׁבִיל מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי:

To my land and to my birthplace. Whether for the sake of my properties, or for the sake of my family.

10:31

וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־נָא תַּעֲזֹב אֹתָנוּ כִּי ׀ עַל־כֵּן יָדַעְתָּ חֲנֹתֵנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְהָיִיתָ לָּנוּ לְעֵינָֽיִם׃

He said to him “please do not forsake us, for, because you know of our encampment in the desert, and you will be our eyes.

He said to him “please do not forsake us, for, because you know of our encampment in the desert, and you will be our eyes.

Rashi

אל נא תעזב. אֵין נָא אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן בַּקָּשָׁה, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ לֹא נִתְגַּיֵּר יִתְרוֹ מֵחִבָּה, סָבוּר הָיָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַגֵּרִים חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם חֵלֶק, הִנִּיחָם וְהָלַךְ לוֹ (שם):

Please do not forsake. נָא is a term indicating nothing but request, so that they will not say Yisro did not convert out of devotion. He thought that proselytes receive a portion of the land [but] now that he saw that they do not receive a portion, he left them and went on his way.

כי על כן ידעת חנתנו במדבר. כִּי נָאֶה לְךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת זֹאת, עַל אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ חֲנוֹתֵנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר וְרָאִיתָ נִסִּים וּגְבוּרוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לָנוּ:

For, because you know of our encampment in the desert. For it is appropriate for you to do this, because you know of our encampment in the desert, and you saw the miracles and mightiness done for us.

כי על כן ידעת. כְּמוֹ עַל אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ, כְּמוֹ "כִּי עַל כֵּן לֹא נְתַתִּיהָ לְשֵׁלָה בְנִי" (בראשית ל"ח), "כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם" (בראשית י"ט), "כִּי עַל כֵּן בָּאוּ" (בראשית י"ט), "כִּי עַל כֵּן רָאִיתִי פָנֶיךָ" (בראשית ל"ג):

For, because you know. Like עַל אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ, “because” you know, as in כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” I did not give her to my son Shelah, כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” you passed by, כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” they came, כִּי עַל כֵּן, for, “because” I saw your face.

והיית לנו לעינים. לְשׁוֹן עָבָר, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ; דָּ"אַ: לְשׁוֹן עָתִיד — כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר שֶׁיִּתְעַלֵּם מֵעֵינֵינוּ, תִּהְיֶה מֵאִיר עֵינֵינוּ; דָּ"אַ: שֶׁתְּהֵא חָבִיב עָלֵינוּ כְּגַלְגַּל עֵינֵינוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י') "וַאֲהַבְתֶּם אֶת הַגֵּר" (ספרי):

You will be our eyes. Past tense, as Targum [Onkelos] renders. Another interpretation: Future tense. [Should] anything [be] concealed from our eyes, you shall enlighten our eyes. Another interpretation: You shall be as precious to us as the pupils of our eyes, as it is said, “You shall love the proselyte.”

10:32

וְהָיָה כִּי־תֵלֵךְ עִמָּנוּ וְהָיָה ׀ הַטּוֹב הַהוּא אֲשֶׁר יֵיטִיב יְהֹוָה עִמָּנוּ וְהֵטַבְנוּ לָֽךְ׃

It will be, that when you go with us, it shall be that the very good which Adonoy will bestow on us we will bestow on (share with) you.

It will be, that when you go with us, it shall be that the very good which Adonoy will bestow on us we will bestow on (share with) you.

Rashi

והיה הטוב ההוא. מַה טּוֹבָה הֵטִיבוּ לוֹ? אָמְרוּ, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְחַלְּקִין אֶת הָאָרֶץ, הָיָה דֻּשְׁנָהּ שֶׁל יְרִיחוֹ ת"ק אַמָּה עַל ת"ק אַמָּה וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ מִלַּחֲלֹק, אָמְרוּ מִי שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בְּחֶלְקוֹ הוּא יִטְּלֶנּוּ, וּבֵין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ נְתָנוּהוּ לִבְנֵי יִתְרוֹ לְיוֹנָדָב בֶּן רֵכָב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבְנֵי קֵינִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עָלוּ מֵעִיר הַתְּמָרִים" וְגוֹ' (שופטים א'):

It shall be that the very good (lit. that good). What good did they bestow upon him? They said: “When the Israelites divided the land there was a fertile area of Yericho, five hundred amos by five hundred amos, which they left undivided.” They said: “The one in whose portion the Temple would be built would take it.” In the interim, they gave it to the children of Yisro, to Yonadav, the son of Rechav, as it is said, “The sons of Keini, Moshe’s father-in-law, went up from the city of the dates, etc . . .”

10:33

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵהַר יְהֹוָה דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים וַאֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהֹוָה נֹסֵעַ לִפְנֵיהֶם דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים לָתוּר לָהֶם מְנוּחָֽה׃

They traveled from the mountain of Adonoy a journey of three days, and the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy traveled in front of them a journey of three days, to prepare for them a place to settle.

They traveled from the mountain of Adonoy a journey of three days, and the Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy traveled in front of them a journey of three days, to prepare for them a place to settle.

Rashi

דרך שלשת ימים. מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים הָלְכוּ בְיוֹם אֶחָד, שֶׁהָיָה הַקָּבָּ"ה חָפֵץ לְהַכְנִיסָם לָאָרֶץ מִיָּד (ספרי):

A journey of three days. Three days’ traveling distance, they traveled in one day, because the Holy One, Blessed is He, wanted to bring them into the land immediately.

וארון ברית ה' נסע לפניהם דרך שלשת ימים. זֶה הָאָרוֹן הַיּוֹצֵא עִמָּהֶם לַמִּלְחָמָה וּבוֹ שִׁבְרֵי לוּחוֹת מוּנָחִים, וּמַקְדִּים לִפְנֵיהֶם דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים, לְתַקֵּן לָהֶם מְקוֹם חֲנִיָּה (שם; תלמוד ירושלמי שקלים ו'):

The Ark of the Covenant of Adonoy traveled in front of them a journey of three days. This was the Ark which went with them to war, in which the broken Tablets were placed. It preceded them by three days’ travel to prepare a camping place for them.

10:34

וַעֲנַן יְהֹוָה עֲלֵיהֶם יוֹמָם בְּנׇסְעָם מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ {ס}        

The Cloud of Adonoy was above them by day when they traveled from the camp.

The Cloud of Adonoy was above them by day when they traveled from the camp.

Rashi

וענן ה' עליהם יומם. שִׁבְעָה עֲנָנִים כְּתוּבִים בְּמַסְעֵיהֶם, אַרְבָּעָה מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת, וְאֶחָד לְמַעְלָה, וְאֶחָד לְמַטָּה, וְאֶחָד לִפְנֵיהֶם מַנְמִיךְ אֶת הַגָּבוֹהַּ וּמַגְבִּיהַּ אֶת הַנָּמוּךְ וְהוֹרֵג נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים (ספרי; מכילתא שמות י"ג):

The Cloud of Adonoy was above them. Seven Clouds are recorded during their journeys; Four on four sides, one above, one below, and one preceding them, to lower the highlands, raise the lowlands, and to kill snakes and scorpions.

מן המחנה. מִמְּקוֹם חֲנִיָּתָן:

From the camp. From their camping place.

10:35

׆ וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה קוּמָה ׀ יְהֹוָה וְיָפֻצוּ אֹֽיְבֶיךָ וְיָנֻסוּ מְשַׂנְאֶיךָ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃

Whenever the Ark departed Moshe woud say: “Rise, Adonoy, and may Your enemies disperse, and those who hate You flee before You.”

Whenever the Ark departed Moshe woud say: “Rise, Adonoy, and may Your enemies disperse, and those who hate You flee before You.”

Rashi

ויהי בנסע הארן. עָשָֹה לוֹ סִימָנִיּוֹת מִלְּפָנָיו וּמִלְּאַחֲרָיו לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין זֶה מְקוֹמוֹ, וְלָמָּה נִכְתַּב כָּאן? כְּדֵי לְהַפְסִיק בֵּין פֻּרְעָנוּת לְפֻרְעָנוּת וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְּכָל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ (שבת קט"ו):

Whenever the Ark departed. Scripture placed symbols before and after this [chapter] to teach that this is not its place. Why, then, was it written here? In order to intervene between one punishment and the next . . . etc., as stated in “all the sacred scriptures.”

קומה ה'. לְפִי שֶׁהָיָה מַקְדִּים לִפְנֵיהֶם מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים, הָיָה מֹשֶׁה אוֹמֵר עֲמֹד וְהַמְתֵּן לָנוּ וְאַל תִּתְרַחֵק יוֹתֵר. תַּנְחוּמָא בְּוַיַּקְהֵל:

Rise, Adonoy. Because He (Adonoy) preceded them by three days’ travel, Moshe would say, ‘Rise and wait for us, do not go further away.’ Midrash Tanchuma, Vayakhel.

ויפצו איביך. הַמְכֻנָּסִין:

May Your enemies disperse. Those gathered together.

וינסו משנאיך. אֵלּוּ הָרוֹדְפִים:

Those who hate You flee. These are the pursuers.

משנאיך. אֵלּוּ שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאל, שֶׁכָּל הַשּׂוֹנֵא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל שׂוֹנֵא אֶת מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּמְשַׂנְאֶיךָ נָשְׂאוּ רֹאשׁ" (תהלים פ"ג), וּמִי הֵם? "עַל עַמְּךָ יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד":

Those who hate You. These are the haters of Yisroel, since all those who hate Yisroel hate the One who spoke, and the world came into being, as it is said, “those who hate You have raised [their] heads” — who are they? — “Against Your people they counsel cunningly.”

10:36

וּבְנֻחֹה יֹאמַר שׁוּבָה יְהֹוָה רִֽבְבוֹת אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ׆ {פ}

When it rested, he would say: “Come to rest, Adonoy, among the myriads and thousands of Israel.”

When it rested, he would say: “Come to rest, Adonoy, among the myriads and thousands of Israel.”

Rashi

שובה ה'. מְנַחֵם תִּרְגְּמוֹ לְשׁוֹן מַרְגּוֹעַ, וְכֵן "בְּשׁוּבָה וָנַחַת תִּוָּשֵׁעוּן" (ישעיהו ל'):

Come to rest, Adonoy. Menachem interprets this as a term meaning rest. Similarly, “with rest and calm you will be saved.”

רבבות אלפי ישראל. מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין הַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל פְּחוּתִים מִשְּׁנֵי אֲלָפִים וּשְׁתֵּי רְבָבוֹת (יבמות ס"ד):

[Among] the myriads and thousands of Israel. This informs us that the Divine Presence does not rest among the Israelites when there are fewer than twenty-two thousand.

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann -- corrected vocalization · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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