Tanach
Bamidbar 34 במדבר ל״ד
Part of: MaseiMasei, Aliyah 3Masei, Aliyah 4Petuchah, Numbers 34:1Petuchah, Numbers 34:16
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּֽי־אַתֶּם בָּאִים אֶל־הָאָרֶץ כְּנָעַן זֹאת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר תִּפֹּל לָכֶם בְּֽנַחֲלָה אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן לִגְבֻלֹתֶֽיהָ׃
“Instruct Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you come to the land of Canaan, this is the land which will fall to you as hereditary property, the land of Canaan according to its borders.
“Instruct Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you come to the land of Canaan, this is the land which will fall to you as hereditary property, the land of Canaan according to its borders.
Rashi
תפל לכם. עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנִּתְחַלְּקָה בְגוֹרָל נִקְרֵאת חֲלֻקָּה לְשׁוֹן נְפִילָה; וּמִ"אַ אוֹמֵר עַ"יְ שֶׁהִפִּיל הַקָּבָּ"ה שָׂרֵיהֶם שֶׁל שִׁבְעָה אֻמּוֹת מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וּכְפָתָן לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה אָמַר לוֹ רְאֵה אֵין בָּהֶם עוֹד כֹּחַ (עי' תנחומא):
Will fall to you. Because it was apportioned by lot, the apportionment is described in terms of falling. Midrash Aggadah remarks, because the Holy One, Blessed is He, caused the fall of the [celestial] ministers of the seven nations from heaven, and prostrated them before Moshe, and said to him, “observe, they no longer have any power.”
וְהָיָה לָכֶם פְּאַת־נֶגֶב מִמִּדְבַּר־צִן עַל־יְדֵי אֱדוֹם וְהָיָה לָכֶם גְּבוּל נֶגֶב מִקְצֵה יָם־הַמֶּלַח קֵֽדְמָה׃
Your southern flank shall be from the Tzin wilderness along [the land of] Edom; the southern border shall be from the edge of the Salt Sea to the east.
Your southern flank shall be from the Tzin wilderness along [the land of] Edom; the southern border shall be from the edge of the Salt Sea to the east.
Rashi
והיה לכם פאת נגב. רוּחַ דְּרוֹמִית אֲשֶׁר מִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב:
Your southern flank shall be. The southern side, from east to west.
ממדבר צן. אֲשֶׁר אֵצֶל אֱדוֹם מַתְחִיל מִקְצוֹעַ דְרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית שֶׁל אֶרֶץ תִּשְׁעַת הַמַּטּוֹת; כֵּיצַד? שָׁלוֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת יוֹשְׁבוֹת בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל זוֹ אֵצֶל זוֹ — קְצָת אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וְאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם כֻּלָּהּ וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב כֻּלָּהּ, אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בְּמִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מַעֲרָבִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ מֵעַצְמוֹן נַחְלָה מִצְרָיִם וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּמָּה, וְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ עַל פְּנֵי כָל אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע י"ג) "מִן הַשִּׁיחוֹר אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם", וּמַפְסִיק בֵּין אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם אֶצְלָהּ לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח, וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב אֵצֶל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם בְּסוֹף הַדָּרוֹם לַמִּזְרָח. וּכְשֶׁיָּצְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם, אִם רָצָה הַמָּקוֹם לְקָרֵב אֶת כְּנִיסָתָם לָאָרֶץ, הָיָה מַעֲבִירָם אֶת הַנִּילוּס לְצַד צָפוֹן וּבָאִין לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ג) "וְלֹא נָחָם אֱלֹהִים דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים", שֶׁהֵם יוֹשְׁבִים עַל הַיָּם בְּמַעֲרָבָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן — כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים (צפניה ב') "יֹשְׁבֵי חֶבֶל הַיָּם גּוֹי כְּרֵתִים" — וְלֹא נָחָם אוֹתוֹ הַדֶּרֶךְ, אֶלָּא הֱסִבָּן וְהוֹצִיאָם דֶּרֶךְ דְּרוֹמָהּ אֶל הַמִּדְבָּר, וְהוּא שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ יְחֶזְקֵאל (יחזקאל כ') "מִדְבַּר הָעַמִּים", לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ כַמָּה אֻמּוֹת יוֹשְׁבִים בְּצִדּוֹ; וְהוֹלְכִין אֵצֶל דְּרוֹמָהּ מִן הַמַּעֲרָב כְּלַפֵּי מִזְרָח תָּמִיד עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם, וּבִקְּשׁוּ מִמֶּלֶךְ אֱדוֹם שֶׁיַּנִּיחֵם לַעֲבֹר דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצוֹ וּלְהִכָּנֵס לָאָרֶץ דֶּרֶךְ רָחְבָּהּ וְלֹא רָצָה, וְהֻצְרְכוּ לִסְבֹּב אֶת כָּל דְּרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֱדוֹם עַד בּוֹאָם לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים י"א) "וְגַם אֶל מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב שָׁלַח וְלֹא אָבָה", וְהָלְכוּ כָּל דְּרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מוֹאָב עַד סוֹפָהּ, וּמִשָּׁם הָפְכוּ פְנֵיהֶם לַצָּפוֹן עַד שֶׁסָּבְבוּ כָל מֶצֶר מִזְרָחִי שֶׁלָּהּ לְרָחְבָּהּ; וּכְשֶׁכִּלּוּ אֶת מִזְרָחָהּ, מָצְאוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בְּמִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מַפְסִיק בֵּינֵיהֶם, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּיִפְתָּח (שם) "וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיָּסָב אֶת אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם וְאֶת אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַיָּבֹא מִמִּזְרַח שֶׁמֶשׁ לְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב", וְכָבְשׁוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שֶׁהָיְתָה בִּצְפוֹנָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וְקָרְבוּ עַד הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהוּא כְנֶגֶד מִקְצוֹעַ צָפוֹנָה מַעֲרָבָה שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב; נִמְצָא שֶׁאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן לַמַּעֲרָב, הָיָה מִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית שֶׁלָּהּ אֵצֶל אֱדוֹם:
From the Tzin wilderness. Which adjoining Edom, begins the southeastern corner of the land of the nine tribes. How is this? Three countries lie south of Eretz Yisroel, each adjoining the next; part of the land of Egypt, all of the land of Edom, and all of the land of Moav. The land of Egypt is at the southwestern corner, as it is said in this Parshah, “[the border turns] from Atzmon to the Egyptian Estuary and its outskirts shall reach the sea.” The Egyptian Estuary’s path faced the entire land of Egypt, as it is said, ”from the [river] Shichor, facing Egypt,” and separates the land of Egypt from Eretz Yisroel. The land of Edom adjoined it eastward, with the land of Moav adjoining the land of Edom at the eastern end of the southern border. When the Bnei Yisroel left Egypt, had the Omnipresent desired to hasten their entry into the land, He would have brought them northward across the Nile, and they would have entered Eretz Yisroel — but He did not do so. This is the meaning of what is said, “God did not lead them along the route of the land of the P’lishtim,” who dwelt by the sea, on the western border of the land of Canaan, as is said concerning the P’lishtim, “those who dwell on the territory by the sea, the Kereisite nation.” He did not lead them along that route, but diverted them, bringing them out by the southern route, into the wilderness — the Yechezkel called “the wilderness of nations,” because several nations dwelt alongside it. He then led them in the south from west to east, continuously, until they reached south of the land of Edom. They requested that the king of Edom permit them to enter his land, traverse its width, and enter the land, but he refused, so they had to travel around the entire southern side of Edom, until they reached south of the land of Moav, as it is said, “he also sent emissaries to the king of Moav, but he refused.” They traveled along the entire southern side of Moav, to the end. From there they turned their faces to the north, until they traveled around its entire eastern border along its width. When they completed its eastern side, they came upon the territory of Sichon and Og, who dwelt east of the land of Canaan, with the Yardein interposing between them. This is the meaning of what was said by Yiftach, “they traveled in the wilderness, proceeded around the land of Edom and the land of Moav, and came to [the end of] the eastern border of the land of Moav.” They conquered the territory of Sichon and Og, which was north of the land of Moav, and came abreast of the Yardein, opposite the northwest corner of the land of Moav. Thus, the land of Canaan across the Yardein to the west had its sourtheastern corner adjacent to Moav.
וְנָסַב לָכֶם הַגְּבוּל מִנֶּגֶב לְמַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים וְעָבַר צִנָה (והיה) [וְהָיוּ] תּֽוֹצְאֹתָיו מִנֶּגֶב לְקָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ וְיָצָא חֲצַר־אַדָּר וְעָבַר עַצְמֹֽנָה׃
The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim passing toward Tzin; and its outskirts shall be south of Kadeish Barne’a, and then it shall extend to Chatzar Adar and continue toward Atzmon.
The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim passing toward Tzin; and its outskirts shall be south of Kadeish Barne’a, and then it shall extend to Chatzar Adar and continue toward Atzmon.
Rashi
ונסב לכם הגבול מנגב למעלה עקרבים. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנָסַב" אוֹ "וְיָצָא" מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה הַמֶּצֶר שָׁוֶה אֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְיוֹצֵא לַחוּץ; יוֹצֵא הַמֶּצֶר וְעוֹקֵם לְצַד צְפוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן לַמַּעֲרָב, וְעוֹבֵר הַמֶּצֶר בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים, נִמְצָא מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים לִפְנִים מִן הַמֶּצֶר:
The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim. Wherever it says “turns” or “extends,” it teaches that the border was not even, but swerved away. The border swerves, bending towards the north and angling west, so that the border passes south of Maaleh Akrabim — thus, Maaleh Akrabim was within the border.
ועבר צנה. אֶל צִן, כְּמוֹ מִצְרַיְמָה:
Passing toward Tzin. צִנָה, ”to Tzin,” like מִצְרַיְמָה, “to Egypt.”
והיו תוצאתיו. קְצוֹתָיו, בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ:
Its outskirts shall be. Its ending, south of Kadeish Barne’a.
ויצא חצר אדר. מִתְפַּשֵּׁט הַמֶּצֶר וּמַרְחִיב לְצַד צָפוֹן שֶׁל עוֹלָם וְנִמְשָׁךְ עוֹד בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן לַמַּעֲרָב, וּבָא לוֹ לַחֲצַר אַדָּר, וּמִשָּׁם לְעַצְמוֹן, וּמִשָּׁם לְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם; וּלְשׁוֹן וְנָסַב הָאָמוּר כָּאן, לְפִי שֶׁכָּתַב וְיָצָא חֲצַר אַדָּר, שֶׁהִתְחִיל לְהַרְחִיב מִשֶּׁעָבַר אֶת קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ, וְרֹחַב אוֹתָהּ רְצוּעָה שֶׁבָּלְטָה לְצַד צָפוֹן הָיְתָה מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ עַד עַצְמוֹן, וּמִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה נִתְקַצֵּר הַמֶּצֶר וְנָסַב לְצַד הַדָּרוֹם וּבָא לוֹ לְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם, וּמִשָּׁם לְצַד הַמַּעֲרָב אֶל הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁהוּא מֶצֶר מַעֲרָבָהּ שֶׁל כָּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִמְצָא שֶׁנַּחַל מִצְרַיִם בְּמִקְצוֹעַ מַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית:
It shall extend to Chatzar Adar. The border spreads, broadening towards the north and angling further west, until it reaches Chatzar Adar, from there to Atzmon, and from there to the Egyptian Estuary. The term “turns” is used here, because it wrote “it shall extend to Chatzar Adar.” It began broadening after crossing Kadesh Barne’a, and the breadth of the strip which protruded northward reached from Kadesh Barne’a to Atzmon. From there and onward the border receded, turning toward the south until reaching the Egyptian Estuary, and from there west to the Mediterranean, which serves as the western border for all of Eretz Yisroel. Thus, the Egyptian Estuary is situated at the southwestern corner.
וְנָסַב הַגְּבוּל מֵעַצְמוֹן נַחְלָה מִצְרָיִם וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּֽמָּה׃
The border turns from Atzmon toward the Egyptian Estuary and its outskirts shall reach the sea.
The border turns from Atzmon toward the Egyptian Estuary and its outskirts shall reach the sea.
Rashi
והיו תוצאתיו הימה. אֶל מֶצֶר הַמַּעֲרָב שֶׁאֵין עוֹד גְּבוּל נֶגֶב מַאֲרִיךְ לְצַד הַמַּעֲרָב מִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה:
Its outskirts shall reach the sea. Until the western border. The southern border no longer extends towards the west, past there.
וּגְבוּל יָם וְהָיָה לָכֶם הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל וּגְבוּל זֶֽה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל יָֽם׃
As for the western border; it shall be the border of the Great Sea, this shall be your western border.
As for the western border; it shall be the border of the Great Sea, this shall be your western border.
Rashi
וגבול ים. וּמֶצֶר מַעֲרָבִי מַהוּ?
As for the western border. What is the western border?
והיה לכם הים הגדול. לְמֶצֶר:
It shall be the Great (Mediterranean) Sea. As a border.
וגבול. הַנִּסִּין שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַיָּם אַף הֵם מִן הַגְּבוּל, וְהֵם אִיִּים שֶקּוֹרִין איזל"ס:
And its border. The islands at sea are also part of the border. These islands are called “isles” in Old French.
וְזֶֽה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל צָפוֹן מִן־הַיָּם הַגָּדֹל תְּתָאוּ לָכֶם הֹר הָהָֽר׃
This shall be your northern border; from the Great Sea turn yourselves to Hor Hahar.
This shall be your northern border; from the Great Sea turn yourselves to Hor Hahar.
Rashi
גבול צפון. מֶצֶר צָפוֹן:
The northern border. The northern border.
מן הים הגדל תתאו לכם הר ההר. שֶׁהוּא בְמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית וְרֹאשׁוֹ מַשְׁפִּיעַ וְנִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ הַיָּם, וְיֵשׁ מֵרֹחַב הַיָּם לִפְנִים הֵימֶנּוּ וְחוּצָה הֵימֶנּוּ:
From the Great (Mediterranean) Sea, turn yourselves to Hor Hahar. Which is at the northwestern corner. Its peak slopes and enters the sea, with some of the expanse of the sea inward, and some outward.
תתאו. תְּשַׁפְּעוּ לָכֶם, לִנְטוֹת מִמַּעֲרָב לַצָּפוֹן, אֶל הֹר הָהָר:
Turn. Tilt yourselves to turn from west to north, to Mount Hor.
תתאו. לְשׁוֹן סִבָּה, כְּמוֹ "אֶל תָּא הָרָצִים" (מלכים א י"ד), "וְתָאֵי הַשַּׁעַר" (יחזקאל מ') — הַיָּצִיעַ, שֶׁקּוֹרִין אפנדי"ץ, שֶׁהוּא מוּסָב וּמְשֻׁפָּע:
Turn. The term denotes turning, as in “to the runners’ annex,” “the annexes of the gateway.” The annex, called “apendiz” in Old French, turns and slopes.
מֵהֹר הָהָר תְּתָאוּ לְבֹא חֲמָת וְהָיוּ תּוֹצְאֹת הַגְּבֻל צְדָֽדָה׃
From Hor Hahar turn to Levo Chamas and the outskirts of the border shall be toward Tzedad.
From Hor Hahar turn to Levo Chamas and the outskirts of the border shall be toward Tzedad.
Rashi
מהר ההר. תָּסֹבּוּ וְתֵלְכוּ אֶל מֶצֶר הַצָּפוֹן לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח, וְתִפְגְּעוּ בִּלְבֹא חֲמָת, זוֹ אַנְטוֹכְיָא:
From Hor Hahar. Turn and proceed along the northern border to the east, and you will encounter Levo Chamas — this is Antioch.
תוצאת הגבל. סוֹפֵי הַגְּבוּל; כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תּוֹצְאוֹת הַגְּבוּל, אוֹ הַמֶּצֶר כָּלֶה שָׁם לְגַמְרֵי וְאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר לְהַלָּן כְּלָל, אוֹ מִשָּׁם מִתְפַּשֵּׁט וּמַרְחִיב וְיוֹצֵא לַאֲחוֹרָיו לְהִמָּשֵׁךְ לְהַלָּן בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן יוֹתֵר מִן הָרֹחַב הָרִאשׁוֹן, וּלְעִנְיַן רֹחַב הַמִּדָּה הָרִאשׁוֹן קְרָאוֹ תּוֹצָאוֹת, שֶׁשָּׁם כָּלְתָה אוֹתָהּ מִדָּה:
The outskirts of the border. The end of the border. Wherever “the outskirts of the border” is said, either the border ends there completely without continuing further at all; or it digresses from there, broadens, and extends in another direction, proceeding further at an angle to the original expanse. It is in relation to the breadth of the original dimension that it is called “extremity,” for that dimension ends there.
וְיָצָא הַגְּבֻל זִפְרֹנָה וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו חֲצַר עֵינָן זֶֽה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל צָפֽוֹן׃
The border shall then extend toward Zifron, and its outskirts shall be at Chatzar Einan; this shall be your northern border.
The border shall then extend toward Zifron, and its outskirts shall be at Chatzar Einan; this shall be your northern border.
Rashi
והיו תוצאתיו חצר עינן. הוּא הָיָה סוֹף הַמֶּצֶר הַצְּפוֹנִי, וְנִמְצֵאת חֲצַר עֵינָן בְּמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מִזְרָחִית, וּמִשָּׁם והתאויתם לכם אֶל מֶצֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי:
Its outskirts shall be at Chatzar Einan. This was the end of the northern border. Thus, Chatzar Einan was situated at the northeastern corner. From there, “turn yourselves to the eastern border.”
וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם לָכֶם לִגְבוּל קֵדְמָה מֵחֲצַר עֵינָן שְׁפָֽמָה׃
You shall turn yourselves toward the eastern border from Chatzar Einan to Shefam.
You shall turn yourselves toward the eastern border from Chatzar Einan to Shefam.
Rashi
והתאויתם. לְשׁוֹן הֲסִבָּה וּנְטִיָּה, כְּמוֹ "תְּתָאוּ":
Turn. The word [וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם] denotes turning and tilting, like תְּתָאוּ .
שפמה. בַּמֶּצֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי, וּמִשָּׁם הָרִבְלָה:
To Shefam. On the eastern border, and from there to Rivlah.
וְיָרַד הַגְּבֻל מִשְּׁפָם הָרִבְלָה מִקֶּדֶם לָעָיִן וְיָרַד הַגְּבֻל וּמָחָה עַל־כֶּתֶף יָם־כִּנֶּרֶת קֵֽדְמָה׃
The border shall then descend from Shefam to Rivlah to the east of Ayin; the border shall descend and contact the bank of the eastern shore of the Kineres Sea.
The border shall then descend from Shefam to Rivlah to the east of Ayin; the border shall descend and contact the bank of the eastern shore of the Kineres Sea.
Rashi
מקדם לעין. שֵׁם מָקוֹם, וְהַמֶּצֶר הוֹלֵךְ בְּמִזְרָחוֹ, נִמְצָא הָעַיִן לִפְנִים מִן הַמֶּצֶר וּמֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא:
East of Ayin. The name of a place. The border passes to its east, so that Ayin is situated within the border, and is part of Eretz Yisroel.
וירד הגבול. כָּל שֶׁהַגְּבוּל הוֹלֵךְ מִצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם הוּא יוֹרֵד וְהוֹלֵךְ:
The border shall descend. As the border proceeds from north to south, it continually descends.
ומחה על כתף ים כנרת קדמה. שֶׁיְּהֵא יָם כִּנֶּרֶת תּוֹךְ לַגְּבוּל, בַּמַּעֲרָב, וְהַגְּבוּל בְּמִזְרַח יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, וּמִשָּׁם יָרַד אֶל הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מוֹשֵׁךְ וּבָא מִן הַצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, נוֹטֶה לְצַד מִזְרָח מִתְקָרֵב לְצַד אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן כְּנֶגֶד יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, וּמוֹשֵׁךְ לְצַד מִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (כְּנֶגֶד יָם כִּנֶּרֶת) עַד שֶׁנּוֹפֵל בְּיָם הַמֶּלַח, וּמִשָּׁם כָּלֶה הַגְּבוּל בְּתוֹצְאוֹתָיו אֶל יָם הַמֶּלַח, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ הַתְחָלַת מֶצֶר מִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית, הֲרֵי סוֹבֶבֶת אוֹתָהּ לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ:
And contact the bank of the eastern shore of the Kineres Sea. So that Lake Kineres was within the border, to the west. The border is east of Lake Kineres, and descends from there to the Yardein. The Yardein flows diagonally, from north to south, angling towards the east, moves towards the land of Canaan at Lake Kineres and continues along the eastern side of Eretz Yisroel opposite Lake Kineres, until emptying into the Dead Sea. From there, the border closes with its extremity reaching the Dead Sea, from which the southeastern corner of the border began, thus surrounding it on all four sides.
וְיָרַד הַגְּבוּל הַיַּרְדֵּנָה וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו יָם הַמֶּלַח זֹאת תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם הָאָרֶץ לִגְבֻלֹתֶיהָ סָבִֽיב׃
The border shall then descend along the Yardein and its outskirts shall be the Salt (Dead) Sea. This should be your land according to its borders all around.’”
The border shall then descend along the Yardein and its outskirts shall be the Salt (Dead) Sea. This should be your land according to its borders all around.’”
וַיְצַו מֹשֶׁה אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר זֹאת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר תִּתְנַחֲלוּ אֹתָהּ בְּגוֹרָל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לָתֵת לְתִשְׁעַת הַמַּטּוֹת וַחֲצִי הַמַּטֶּֽה׃
Moshe instructed Bnei Yisroel, saying: “This is the land which you must distribute as hereditary property by means of a lottery, which Adonoy has commanded to give to the nine and one half tribes.
Moshe instructed Bnei Yisroel, saying: “This is the land which you must distribute as hereditary property by means of a lottery, which Adonoy has commanded to give to the nine and one half tribes.
כִּי לָקְחוּ מַטֵּה בְנֵי הָראוּבֵנִי לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם וּמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־הַגָּדִי לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם וַחֲצִי מַטֵּה מְנַשֶּׁה לָקְחוּ נַחֲלָתָֽם׃
Because the tribe of Reuvein’s descendants, the tribe of Gad’s descendants, and half of the tribe of Menashe have already taken their hereditary property.
Because the tribe of Reuvein’s descendants, the tribe of Gad’s descendants, and half of the tribe of Menashe have already taken their hereditary property.
שְׁנֵי הַמַּטּוֹת וַחֲצִי הַמַּטֶּה לָקְחוּ נַחֲלָתָם מֵעֵבֶר לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ קֵדְמָה מִזְרָֽחָה׃ {פ}
These two and one half tribes have taken their hereditary property on this side of the Yardein near Yereicho, to the east, toward the sunrise.”
These two and one half tribes have taken their hereditary property on this side of the Yardein near Yereicho, to the east, toward the sunrise.”
Rashi
קדמה מזרחה. אֶל פְּנֵי הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֵם בַּמִּזְרָח, שֶׁרוּחַ מִזְרָחִית קְרוּיָה פָנִים וּמַעֲרָבִית קְרוּיָה אָחוֹר, לְפִיכָךְ דָּרוֹם לַיָּמִין וְצָפוֹן לַשְּׂמֹאל:
To the east, toward the sunrise. To the forefront of the world, which is east, as the eastern direction is called the forefront, and the western, the rear. Therefore, south is to the right, and north to the left.
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:
אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־יִנְחֲלוּ לָכֶם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃
“These are the names of the men who shall inherit the land for you: Elozor the kohein and Yehoshua son of Nun,
“These are the names of the men who shall inherit the land for you: Elozor the kohein and Yehoshua son of Nun,
Rashi
אשר ינחלו לכם. בִּשְׁבִילְכֶם; כָּל נָשִׂיא וְנָשִׂיא אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס לְשִׁבְטוֹ וּמְחַלֵּק נַחֲלַת הַשֵּׁבֶט לַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת וְלַגְּבָרִים, וּבוֹרֵר לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד חֵלֶק הָגוּן, וּמַה שֶּׁהֵם עוֹשִׂים יִהְיֶה עָשׂוּי כְּאִלּוּ עֲשָׂאוּם שְׁלוּחִים; וְלֹא יִתָּכֵן לְפָרֵשׁ לכם זֶה כְּכָל לָכֶם שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב יַנְחִילוּ לָכֶם, יִנְחֲלוּ מַשְׁמַע שֶׁהֵם נוֹחֲלִים לָכֶם — בִּשְׁבִילְכֶם וּבִמְקוֹמְכֶם, כְּמוֹ "ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם" (שמות י"ד):
Who shall inherit for you. For your sake. Each tribal leader was the guardian for his tribe, and he apportioned the tribal inheritance to the families and individuals. He chose a suitable portion for each individual, and their actions were binding, as if they had been designated as agents. But it would be improper to explain this לָכֶם [lit. “to you”] like every לָכֶם in Scripture, for, if so, it should have written יַנְחִילוּ לָכֶם, “they shall cause the inheritance to belong to you.” [לָכֶם] יִנְחֲלוּ means that they shall inherit for you, for your sake, in your place, like ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם, “God will wage war for your sake.”
וְנָשִׂיא אֶחָד נָשִׂיא אֶחָד מִמַּטֶּה תִּקְחוּ לִנְחֹל אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And one leader from each tribe you shall take, to help inherit the land.
And one leader from each tribe you shall take, to help inherit the land.
Rashi
לנחל את הארץ. שֶׁיְּהֵא נוֹחֵל וְחוֹלֵק אוֹתָהּ בִּמְקוֹמְכֶם:
To inherit the land. He is to inherit, take the portion of the land as your surrogate.
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָאֲנָשִׁים לְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָה כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃
These are the names of the men: for the tribe of Yehudah, Kaleiv son of Yefuneh.
These are the names of the men: for the tribe of Yehudah, Kaleiv son of Yefuneh.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁמוּאֵל בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃
For the tribe of Shimon, Shmuel, son of Amihud.
For the tribe of Shimon, Shmuel, son of Amihud.
לְמַטֵּה בִנְיָמִן אֱלִידָד בֶּן־כִּסְלֽוֹן׃
For the tribe of Binyamin, Elidad, son of Kislon.
For the tribe of Binyamin, Elidad, son of Kislon.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵי־דָן נָשִׂיא בֻּקִּי בֶּן־יׇגְלִֽי׃
The leader for the tribe of Don, Buki, son of Yogli.
The leader for the tribe of Don, Buki, son of Yogli.
לִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁה נָשִׂיא חַנִּיאֵל בֶּן־אֵפֹֽד׃
For Yoseif’s children, the leader for the tribe of Menashe, Chaniel, son of Eifod.
For Yoseif’s children, the leader for the tribe of Menashe, Chaniel, son of Eifod.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַיִם נָשִׂיא קְמוּאֵל בֶּן־שִׁפְטָֽן׃
The leader for the tribe of Ephraim, Kemuel, son of Shiftan.
The leader for the tribe of Ephraim, Kemuel, son of Shiftan.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻן נָשִׂיא אֱלִיצָפָן בֶּן־פַּרְנָֽךְ׃
The leader for the tribe of Zevulun, Elitzafan, son of Parnach.
The leader for the tribe of Zevulun, Elitzafan, son of Parnach.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָר נָשִׂיא פַּלְטִיאֵל בֶּן־עַזָּֽן׃
The leader for the tribe of Yissachar, Paltiel, son of Azan.
The leader for the tribe of Yissachar, Paltiel, son of Azan.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵי־אָשֵׁר נָשִׂיא אֲחִיהוּד בֶּן־שְׁלֹמִֽי׃
The leader for the tribe of Asher, Achihud, son of Shlomi.
The leader for the tribe of Asher, Achihud, son of Shlomi.
וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִי נָשִׂיא פְּדַהְאֵל בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃
The leader for the tribe of Naftali, Pedah’eil, son of Amihud.”
The leader for the tribe of Naftali, Pedah’eil, son of Amihud.”
אֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לְנַחֵל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ {פ}
These are the ones whom Adonoy commanded to apportion the inheritance to Bnei Yisroel, in the land of Canaan.
These are the ones whom Adonoy commanded to apportion the inheritance to Bnei Yisroel, in the land of Canaan.
Rashi
לנחל את בני ישראל. שֶׁהֵם יַנְחִילוּ אוֹתָהּ לָכֶם לְמַחְלְקוֹתֶיהָ:
To apportion the inheritance to Bnei Yisroel. They are to give the inheritance to you according to its portions.
Where next
Keep reading
- Chapter 33
- Chapter 35
- Masei Parsha
זאת הארץ אשר תפל לכם וגו'. לְפִי שֶׁהַרְבֵּה מִצְוֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת בָּאָרֶץ וְאֵין נוֹהֲגוֹת בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, הֻצְרַךְ לִכְתֹּב מִצְרָנֵי גְבוּלֵי רוּחוֹתֶיהָ סָבִיב, לוֹמַר לְךָ מִן הַגְּבוּלִים הַלָּלוּ וְלִפְנִים הַמִּצְוֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת (עי' גיטין ח'):
This is the land which will fall to you, etc. Since many commandments apply in the land, but do not apply outside the land, it was necessary to record the outer reaches of the borders of its perimeter, to inform you that within those borders, the commandments apply.