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Bamidbar 33

33:1

אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָצְאוּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְצִבְאֹתָם בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃

These are the journeys of Bnei Yisroel who went out of Egypt in organized groups under the leadership of Moshe and Aharon.

These are the journeys of Bnei Yisroel who went out of Egypt in organized groups under the leadership of Moshe and Aharon.

Rashi

אלה מסעי. לָמָּה נִכְתְּבוּ הַמַּסָּעוֹת הַלָּלוּ? לְהוֹדִיעַ חֲסָדָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם, שֶׁאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁגָּזַר עֲלֵיהֶם לְטַלְטְלַם וְלַהֲנִיעָם בַּמִּדְבָּר, לֹא תֹאמַר שֶׁהָיוּ נָעִים וּמְטֻלְטָלִים מִמַּסָּע לְמַסָּע כָּל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וְלֹא הָיְתָה לָהֶם מְנוּחָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין כָּאן אֶלָּא אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם מַסָּעוֹת, צֵא מֵהֶם י"ד שֶׁכֻּלָּם הָיוּ בְּשָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה קֹדֶם גְּזֵרָה, מִשֶּׁנָּסְעוּ מֵרַעְמְסֵס עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לְרִתְמָה שֶׁמִּשָּׁם נִשְׁתַּלְּחוּ מְרַגְּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאַחַר נָסְעוּ הָעָם מֵחֲצֵרוֹת" וְגוֹ' (במדבר י"ב), "שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים" וְגוֹ' (שם י"ג), וְכָאן (פסוק י"ח) הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַיִּסְעוּ מֵחֲצֵרֹת וַיַּחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָה", לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהִיא בְמִדְבַּר פָּארָן; וְעוֹד הוֹצֵא מִשָּׁם ח' מַסָּעוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לְאַחַר מִיתַת אַהֲרֹן — מֵהֹר הָהָר עַד עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב — בִּשְׁנַת הָאַרְבָּעִים, נִמְצָא שֶׁכָּל שְׁמוֹנֶה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה לֹא נָסְעוּ אֶלָּא עֶשְׂרִים מַסָּעוֹת, זֶה מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה. וְרַבִּי תַנְחוּמָא דָרַשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָשָׁה אַחֶרֶת: מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה בְנוֹ חוֹלֶה וְהוֹלִיכוֹ לְמָקוֹם רָחוֹק לְרַפֹּאתוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיוּ חוֹזְרִין הִתְחִיל אָבִיו מוֹנֶה כָל הַמַּסָּעוֹת, אָמַר לוֹ, כָּאן יָשַׁנְנוּ, כָּאן הוֹקַרְנוּ, כָּאן חָשַׁשְׁתָּ אֶת רֹאשְׁךָ וְכוּ':

These are the journeys. Why were these journeys recorded? To make the Omnipresent’s benevolence known. For, although He decreed to move them about and cause them to wander in the wilderness, do not say that they wandered and were moved about from journey to journey all forty years, and had no rest — for there are only forty two journeys here. Subtract fourteen, all of which took place during the first year, before the decree, from their journey from Ra’meses until they reached Rismah, from where the spies were dispatched, as it is said, “after, the people journeyed from Chatzeros, etc. Send, for yourself, men, etc.,” and here it says, “they journeyed from Chatzeros and camped at Rismah,” you learn that it was in the desert of Paran. Exclude, further, from there, eight journeys which took place after Aharon’s death, from Mount Hor to the plains of Moav, during the fortieth year, it is found that throughout the thirty eight years, they took only twenty journeys. This is from R’ Moshe [Hadarshan]’s commentary. R’ Tanchuma expounds the matter differently: This is compared to a king whose son was ill, and he brought him to a distant place for treatment. When they returned, the father began enumerating all the journeys. He said to him, ”Here, we slept; here, we were chilled; here, your head ached, etc.’

33:2

וַיִּכְתֹּב מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מוֹצָאֵיהֶם לְמַסְעֵיהֶם עַל־פִּי יְהֹוָה וְאֵלֶּה מַסְעֵיהֶם לְמוֹצָאֵיהֶֽם׃

Moshe recorded their departures for their journeys according to Adonoy’s command; these were the departure for their journeys.

Moshe recorded their departures for their journeys according to Adonoy’s command; these were the departure for their journeys.

33:3

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵֽרַעְמְסֵס בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן מִֽמׇּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח יָצְאוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּיָד רָמָה לְעֵינֵי כׇּל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃

They journeyed from Ra’meses in the first month—on the fifteenth day of the first month—on the day after the [Korban] Pesach, Bnei Yisroel left triumphantly before the eyes of all Egyptians.

They journeyed from Ra’meses in the first month—on the fifteenth day of the first month—on the day after the [Korban] Pesach, Bnei Yisroel left triumphantly before the eyes of all Egyptians.

33:4

וּמִצְרַיִם מְקַבְּרִים אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִכָּה יְהֹוָה בָּהֶם כׇּל־בְּכוֹר וּבֵאלֹהֵיהֶם עָשָׂה יְהֹוָה שְׁפָטִֽים׃

Egypt was burying that which Adonoy had struck among them—all their firstborn—and on their idols Adonoy had inflicted punishments.

Egypt was burying that which Adonoy had struck among them—all their firstborn—and on their idols Adonoy had inflicted punishments.

Rashi

ומצרים מקברים. טְרוּדִים בְּאֶבְלָם:

Egypt was burying. They were preoccupied with their grief.

33:5

וַיִּסְעוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵרַעְמְסֵס וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּסֻכֹּֽת׃

Bnei Yisroel journeyed from Ra’meses and camped in Succos.

Bnei Yisroel journeyed from Ra’meses and camped in Succos.

33:6

וַיִּסְעוּ מִסֻּכֹּת וַיַּחֲנוּ בְאֵתָם אֲשֶׁר בִּקְצֵה הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃

They journeyed from Succos and camped in Eisom which is on the edge of the wilderness.

They journeyed from Succos and camped in Eisom which is on the edge of the wilderness.

33:7

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵֽאֵתָם וַיָּשׇׁב עַל־פִּי הַחִירֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי בַּעַל צְפוֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ לִפְנֵי מִגְדֹּֽל׃

They journeyed from Eisom and turned back to Pi Hachiros facing Ba’al Tzefon, and they camped by Migdol.

They journeyed from Eisom and turned back to Pi Hachiros facing Ba’al Tzefon, and they camped by Migdol.

33:8

וַיִּסְעוּ מִפְּנֵי הַֽחִירֹת וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ בְתוֹךְ־הַיָּם הַמִּדְבָּרָה וַיֵּלְכוּ דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בְּמִדְבַּר אֵתָם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּמָרָֽה׃

They journeyed from before Hachiros and crossed amidst the sea toward the wilderness. They traveled for three days in the wilderness of Eisom, and camped in Moroh.

They journeyed from before Hachiros and crossed amidst the sea toward the wilderness. They traveled for three days in the wilderness of Eisom, and camped in Moroh.

33:9

וַיִּסְעוּ מִמָּרָה וַיָּבֹאוּ אֵילִמָה וּבְאֵילִם שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה עֵינֹת מַיִם וְשִׁבְעִים תְּמָרִים וַיַּחֲנוּ־שָֽׁם׃

They journeyed from Moroh and came to Eilim. In Eilim were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there.

They journeyed from Moroh and came to Eilim. In Eilim were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there.

33:10

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵאֵילִם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃

They journeyed from Eilim and camped by the Sea of Reeds.

They journeyed from Eilim and camped by the Sea of Reeds.

33:11

וַיִּסְעוּ מִיַּם־סוּף וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּמִדְבַּר־סִֽין׃

They journeyed from the Sea of Reeds and camped in the wilderness of Sin.

They journeyed from the Sea of Reeds and camped in the wilderness of Sin.

33:12

וַיִּסְעוּ מִמִּדְבַּר־סִין וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּדׇפְקָֽה׃

They journeyed from the wilderness of Sin and camped in Dofkoh.

They journeyed from the wilderness of Sin and camped in Dofkoh.

33:13

וַיִּסְעוּ מִדׇּפְקָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּאָלֽוּשׁ׃

They journeyed from Dofkoh and camped in Alush.

They journeyed from Dofkoh and camped in Alush.

33:14

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵאָלוּשׁ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בִּרְפִידִם וְלֹא־הָיָה שָׁם מַיִם לָעָם לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃

They journeyed from Alush and camped in Refidim, [but] there was no water there for the people to drink.

They journeyed from Alush and camped in Refidim, [but] there was no water there for the people to drink.

33:15

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵרְפִידִם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּמִדְבַּר סִינָֽי׃

They journeyed from Refidim and camped in the wilderness of Sinai.

They journeyed from Refidim and camped in the wilderness of Sinai.

33:16

וַיִּסְעוּ מִמִּדְבַּר סִינָי וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּקִבְרֹת הַֽתַּאֲוָֽה׃

They journeyed from the wilderness of Sinai and camped in Kivros Hata’avoh.

They journeyed from the wilderness of Sinai and camped in Kivros Hata’avoh.

33:17

וַיִּסְעוּ מִקִּבְרֹת הַֽתַּאֲוָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בַּחֲצֵרֹֽת׃

They journeyed from Kivros Hata’avoh and camped in Chatzeiros.

They journeyed from Kivros Hata’avoh and camped in Chatzeiros.

33:18

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵחֲצֵרֹת וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָֽה׃

They journeyed from Chatzeiros and camped in Rismoh.

They journeyed from Chatzeiros and camped in Rismoh.

Rashi

ויחנו ברתמה. עַל שֵׁם לָשׁוֹן הָרָע שֶׁל מְרַגְּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מַה יִּתֵּן לְךָ וּמַה יֹּסִיף לָךְ לָשׁוֹן רְמִיָּה חִצֵּי גִבּוֹר שְׁנוּנִים עִם גַּחֲלֵי רְתָמִים" (תהלים ק"כ):

And camped in Rismoh. So named after the spies’ slander, as it is said, “what will He (God) give you, and what more will He add for you, O deceitful tongue? Sharpened warrior’s arrows, with smoldering coals.”

33:19

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵרִתְמָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּרִמֹּן פָּֽרֶץ׃

They journeyed from Rismoh and camped in Rimon Peretz.

They journeyed from Rismoh and camped in Rimon Peretz.

33:20

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵרִמֹּן פָּרֶץ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּלִבְנָֽה׃

They journeyed from Rimon Peretz and camped in Livnoh.

They journeyed from Rimon Peretz and camped in Livnoh.

33:21

וַיִּסְעוּ מִלִּבְנָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּרִסָּֽה׃

They journeyed from Livnoh and camped in Risoh.

They journeyed from Livnoh and camped in Risoh.

33:22

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵרִסָּה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בִּקְהֵלָֽתָה׃

They journeyed from Risoh and camped in Keheilosoh.

They journeyed from Risoh and camped in Keheilosoh.

33:23

וַיִּסְעוּ מִקְּהֵלָתָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּהַר־שָֽׁפֶר׃

They journeyed from Keheilosoh and camped in Har Shefer.

They journeyed from Keheilosoh and camped in Har Shefer.

33:24

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵֽהַר־שָׁפֶר וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בַּחֲרָדָֽה׃

They journeyed from Har Shefer and camped in Charodoh.

They journeyed from Har Shefer and camped in Charodoh.

33:25

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵחֲרָדָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּמַקְהֵלֹֽת׃

They journeyed from Charodoh and camped in Makheilos.

They journeyed from Charodoh and camped in Makheilos.

33:26

וַיִּסְעוּ מִמַּקְהֵלֹת וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּתָֽחַת׃

They journeyed from Makheilos and camped in Tochas.

They journeyed from Makheilos and camped in Tochas.

33:27

וַיִּסְעוּ מִתָּחַת וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּתָֽרַח׃

They journeyed from Tochas and camped in Torach.

They journeyed from Tochas and camped in Torach.

33:28

וַיִּסְעוּ מִתָּרַח וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּמִתְקָֽה׃

They journeyed from Torach and camped in Miskoh.

They journeyed from Torach and camped in Miskoh.

33:29

וַיִּסְעוּ מִמִּתְקָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּחַשְׁמֹנָֽה׃

They journeyed from Miskoh and camped in Chashmonoh.

They journeyed from Miskoh and camped in Chashmonoh.

33:30

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵֽחַשְׁמֹנָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּמֹסֵרֽוֹת׃

They journeyed from Chashmonoh and camped in Moseiros.

They journeyed from Chashmonoh and camped in Moseiros.

33:31

וַיִּסְעוּ מִמֹּסֵרוֹת וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בִּבְנֵי יַעֲקָֽן׃

They journeyed from Moseiros and camped in Bnei Ya’akon.

They journeyed from Moseiros and camped in Bnei Ya’akon.

33:32

וַיִּסְעוּ מִבְּנֵי יַעֲקָן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּחֹר הַגִּדְגָּֽד׃

They journeyed from Bnei Ya’akon and camped in Chor Hagidgod.

They journeyed from Bnei Ya’akon and camped in Chor Hagidgod.

33:33

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵחֹר הַגִּדְגָּד וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּיׇטְבָֽתָה׃

They journeyed from Chor Hagidgod and camped in Yotvosoh.

They journeyed from Chor Hagidgod and camped in Yotvosoh.

33:34

וַיִּסְעוּ מִיׇּטְבָתָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּעַבְרֹנָֽה׃

They journeyed from Yotvosoh and camped in Avronoh.

They journeyed from Yotvosoh and camped in Avronoh.

33:35

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵֽעַבְרֹנָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּעֶצְיֹן גָּֽבֶר׃

They journeyed from Avronoh and camped in Etzyon Gover.

They journeyed from Avronoh and camped in Etzyon Gover.

33:36

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵעֶצְיֹן גָּבֶר וַיַּחֲנוּ בְמִדְבַּר־צִן הִוא קָדֵֽשׁ׃

They journeyed from Etzyon Gover and camped in the wilderness of Sin, which is Kodeish.

They journeyed from Etzyon Gover and camped in the wilderness of Sin, which is Kodeish.

33:37

וַיִּסְעוּ מִקָּדֵשׁ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּהֹר הָהָר בִּקְצֵה אֶרֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃

They journeyed from Kodeish and camped in Hor Hohor, at the edge of the land of Edom.

They journeyed from Kodeish and camped in Hor Hohor, at the edge of the land of Edom.

33:38

וַיַּעַל אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן אֶל־הֹר הָהָר עַל־פִּי יְהֹוָה וַיָּמׇת שָׁם בִּשְׁנַת הָֽאַרְבָּעִים לְצֵאת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁי בְּאֶחָד לַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃

Then Aharon the kohein ascended Hor Hohor by the word of Adonoy and died there; in the fortieth year of Bnei Yisroel’s exodus from Egypt, on the first day of the fifth month.

Then Aharon the kohein ascended Hor Hohor by the word of Adonoy and died there; in the fortieth year of Bnei Yisroel’s exodus from Egypt, on the first day of the fifth month.

Rashi

על פי ה'. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמֵּת בִּנְשִׁיקָה:

By the word [lit. mouth] of Adonoy. This teaches that he died by the Divine kiss.

33:39

וְאַהֲרֹן בֶּן־שָׁלֹשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה בְּמֹתוֹ בְּהֹר הָהָֽר׃ {ס}        

Aharon was 123 years old at his death on Hor Hohor.

Aharon was 123 years old at his death on Hor Hohor.

33:40

וַיִּשְׁמַע הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי מֶלֶךְ עֲרָד וְהֽוּא־יֹשֵׁב בַּנֶּגֶב בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן בְּבֹא בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

The Canaanite, the king of Arod heard that Bnei Yisroel were approaching—he dwelt in the south of the land of Canaan.

The Canaanite, the king of Arod heard that Bnei Yisroel were approaching—he dwelt in the south of the land of Canaan.

Rashi

וישמע הכנעני. לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁמִּיתַת אַהֲרֹן הִיא הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁנִּסְתַּלְּקוּ עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד וּכְסָבוּר שֶׁנִּתְּנָה רְשׁוּת לְהִלָּחֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ חָזַר וּכְתָבָהּ (ראש השנה ג'):

The Cannanite heard. This teaches you that the death of Aharon was the news he heard that the clouds of glory had departed, and he (the Canaanite) thought that it was permissible to wage war against the Israelites. This is why Scripture repeats it.

33:41

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵהֹר הָהָר וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּצַלְמֹנָֽה׃

They journeyed from Hor Hohor and camped in Tzalmonoh.

They journeyed from Hor Hohor and camped in Tzalmonoh.

33:42

וַיִּסְעוּ מִצַּלְמֹנָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּפוּנֹֽן׃

They journeyed from Tzalmonoh and camped in Punon.

They journeyed from Tzalmonoh and camped in Punon.

33:43

וַיִּסְעוּ מִפּוּנֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּאֹבֹֽת׃

They journeyed from Punon and camped in Ovos.

They journeyed from Punon and camped in Ovos.

33:44

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵאֹבֹת וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּעִיֵּי הָעֲבָרִים בִּגְבוּל מוֹאָֽב׃

They journeyed from Ovos and camped at the ruins of Avorim on Moav’s border.

They journeyed from Ovos and camped at the ruins of Avorim on Moav’s border.

Rashi

בעיי העברים. לְשׁוֹן חֳרָבוֹת וְגַלִּים כְּמוֹ "לְעִי הַשָּׂדֶה" (מיכה א'), "שָׂמוּ אֶת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לְעִיִּים" (תהלים ע"ט):

At the ruins of Avarim. The word [עִיֵּי] denotes desolation and waste, as in, “. . . into a desolate field,” “they have turned Yerushalayim into desolation.”

33:45

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵעִיִּים וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּדִיבֹן גָּֽד׃

They journeyed from the ruins and camped in Divon Gad.

They journeyed from the ruins and camped in Divon Gad.

33:46

וַיִּסְעוּ מִדִּיבֹן גָּד וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּעַלְמֹן דִּבְלָתָֽיְמָה׃

They journeyed from Divon Gad and camped in Almon Divlasayim.

They journeyed from Divon Gad and camped in Almon Divlasayim.

33:47

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵעַלְמֹן דִּבְלָתָיְמָה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּהָרֵי הָעֲבָרִים לִפְנֵי נְבֽוֹ׃

They journeyed from Almon Divlasayim and camped in the Avorim Mountains before Nevo.

They journeyed from Almon Divlasayim and camped in the Avorim Mountains before Nevo.

33:48

וַיִּסְעוּ מֵהָרֵי הָעֲבָרִים וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בְּעַֽרְבֹת מוֹאָב עַל יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃

They journeyed from the Avorim Mountains and camped in the plains of Moav along the Yardein near Yereicho.

They journeyed from the Avorim Mountains and camped in the plains of Moav along the Yardein near Yereicho.

33:49

וַיַּחֲנוּ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּן מִבֵּית הַיְשִׁמֹת עַד אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים בְּעַֽרְבֹת מוֹאָֽב׃ {ס}        

They camped along the Yardein, from Beis Yeshimos until Aveil Hasheetim, in the plains of Moav.

They camped along the Yardein, from Beis Yeshimos until Aveil Hasheetim, in the plains of Moav.

Rashi

מבית הישמת עד אבל השטים. כָּאן לִמֶּדְךָ שִׁעוּר מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל י"ב מִיל, דִּאָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה לְדִידִי חָזֵי לִי הַהוּא אַתְרָא וְכוּ' (עירובין נ"ה):

From Beis Yeshimos until Aveil Hasheetim. Here it teaches you the measure of the Israelite camp [was] twelve mils, for Rava, the son of Bar Chana, said, “I have seen that place, etc.”

אבל השטים. מִישׁוֹר שֶׁל שִׁטִּים אָבֵל שְׁמוֹ:

Aveil Hasheetim. The plain of Sheetim was entitled “Aveil.”

33:50

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּעַֽרְבֹת מוֹאָב עַל־יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the plains of Moav along the Yardein [near] Yereicho, saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the plains of Moav along the Yardein [near] Yereicho, saying:

33:51

דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּי אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן אֶל־אֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃

“Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you cross the Yardein to the land of Canaan,

“Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you cross the Yardein to the land of Canaan,

Rashi

כי אתם עברים את הירדן וגו' והורשתם וגו'. וַהֲלֹא כַמָּה פְעָמִים הֻזְהֲרוּ עַל כָּךְ? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה כְּשֶׁאַתֶּם עוֹבְרִים בַּיַּרְדֵּן בַּיַּבָּשָׁה עַל מְנָת כֵּן תַּעַבְרוּ, וְאִם לָאו — מַיִם בָּאִין וְשׁוֹטְפִין אֶתְכֶם, וְכֵן מָצִינוּ שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (יהושע ד') בְּעוֹדָם בַּיַּרְדֵּן (סוטה ל"ד):

When you cross the Yardein, etc. You must drive out, etc. Were they not admonished several times concerning this? But this is what Moshe said to them: “When you cross the Yardein on dry land, you must cross on this condition, and if you do not, the waters will come and inundate you.” We find that Yehoshua spoke to them similarly while they were still in the Yardein.

33:52

וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אֶת־כׇּל־יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶם וְאִבַּדְתֶּם אֵת כׇּל־מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם וְאֵת כׇּל־צַלְמֵי מַסֵּֽכֹתָם תְּאַבֵּדוּ וְאֵת כׇּל־בָּמוֹתָם תַּשְׁמִֽידוּ׃

you must drive out all of the inhabitants of the land before you. You must destroy all their carved stones, and demolish all their cast metal idols and tear down all their altars.

you must drive out all of the inhabitants of the land before you. You must destroy all their carved stones, and demolish all their cast metal idols and tear down all their altars.

Rashi

והורשתם. וְגֵרַשְׁתֶּם:

You must drive out. You shall oust.

משכיתם. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "בֵּית סִגְדַּתְהוֹן", עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ מְסַכְּכִין אֶת הַקַּרְקַע בְּרִצְפַּת אֲבָנִים שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲווֹת עֲלֵיהֶם בְּפִשּׁוּט יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, כְּדִכְתִיב "וְאֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית לֹא תִתְּנוּ בְּאַרְצְכֶם לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת עָלֶיהָ" (ויקרא כ"ו):

Their carved stones. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, בֵּית סִגְדַּתְהוֹן, “their houses of worship,” so named because they would overlay the ground with a marblestone floor on which to prostrate themselves with arms and legs extended, as it is written, “overlaid stones you shall not place, in your land, on which to prostrate yourselves.”

מסכתם. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "מַתְּכַתְהוֹן":

Their cast. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, מַתְּכַתְהוֹן, “their molten.”

33:53

וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּהּ כִּי לָכֶם נָתַתִּי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ לָרֶשֶׁת אֹתָֽהּ׃

Drive out [the inhabitants of] the land and settle in it, because I have given this land to you to possess.

Drive out [the inhabitants of] the land and settle in it, because I have given this land to you to possess.

Rashi

והורשתם את הארץ. וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אוֹתָהּ מִיּוֹשְׁבֶיהָ, וְאָז וישבתם בה — תּוּכְלוּ לְהִתְקַיֵּם בָּהּ, וְאִם לָאו — לֹא תוּכְלוּ לְהִתְקַיֵּם בָּהּ:

Drive out [the inhabitants of] the land. Make it vacant of its inhabitants, and then “you shall dwell in it” — you shall be able to endure there, but if not, you shall be unable to endure there.

33:54

וְהִתְנַחַלְתֶּם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ בְּגוֹרָל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶם לָרַב תַּרְבּוּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתוֹ וְלַמְעַט תַּמְעִיט אֶת־נַחֲלָתוֹ אֶל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא לוֹ שָׁמָּה הַגּוֹרָל לוֹ יִהְיֶה לְמַטּוֹת אֲבֹתֵיכֶם תִּתְנֶחָֽלוּ׃

You shall give the land as an inheritance to your families by means of a lottery; to the large [family] you shall increase its portion, to the small [family] you shall decrease its portion. To whomever the lottery [system] ordains, it shall be his; according to your paternal tribes shall you inherit.

You shall give the land as an inheritance to your families by means of a lottery; to the large [family] you shall increase its portion, to the small [family] you shall decrease its portion. To whomever the lottery [system] ordains, it shall be his; according to your paternal tribes shall you inherit.

Rashi

אל אשר יצא לו שמה. מִקְרָא קָצָר הוּא זֶה: אֶל מָקום אשר יצא לו שמה הגורל לו יהיה:

To whomever the lottery [system] ordains. This is a shortened passage, [meaning] “whichever ‘plot’ the lot indicates, shall belong to him’.”

למטות אבתיכם. לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן יוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם (בבא בתרא קי"ז); דָּ"אַ — בְּי"ב גְּבוּלִין כְּמִנְיַן הַשְּׁבָטִים:

According to your paternal tribes. Taking into account those who came out of Egypt. Another interpretation: With twelve border demarcations, following the number of tribes.

33:55

וְאִם־לֹא תוֹרִישׁוּ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶם וְהָיָה אֲשֶׁר תּוֹתִירוּ מֵהֶם לְשִׂכִּים בְּעֵינֵיכֶם וְלִצְנִינִם בְּצִדֵּיכֶם וְצָרְרוּ אֶתְכֶם עַל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם יֹשְׁבִים בָּֽהּ׃

But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land before you, those whom you will leave over will be spikes in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they will persecute you upon the land in which you settle.

But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land before you, those whom you will leave over will be spikes in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they will persecute you upon the land in which you settle.

Rashi

והיה אשר תותירו מהם. יִהְיוּ לָכֶם לְרָעָה:

Those whom you will leave over. Shall be evil to you.

לשכים בעיניכם. לִיתֵדוֹת הַמְנַקְּרוֹת עֵינֵיכֶם, תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל יְתֵדוֹת "שִׂיכַיָּא":

As spikes in your eyes. As spikes which will gouge your eyes out. Targum [Onkelos] renders “spikes” שִׂיכַּיָא .

ולצנינם. פּוֹתְרִין בּוֹ הַפּוֹתְרִים לְשׁוֹן מְסוּכַת קוֹצִים הַסּוֹכֶכֶת אֶתְכֶם, לִסְגֹּר וְלִכְלֹא אֶתְכֶם מֵאֵין יוֹצֵא וָבָא:

And thorns. The linguists construe this as denoting a barrier of thorns, which will enclose you, locking and confining you without exit or entrance.

וצררו אתכם. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ:

And they will persecute you. As Targum [Onkelos] renders.

33:56

וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּמִּיתִי לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהֶם אֶֽעֱשֶׂה לָכֶֽם׃ {פ}

And it shall be that what I had intended to do to them I will do to you.’”

And it shall be that what I had intended to do to them I will do to you.’”

Bamidbar 34

34:1

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

34:2

צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּֽי־אַתֶּם בָּאִים אֶל־הָאָרֶץ כְּנָעַן זֹאת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר תִּפֹּל לָכֶם בְּֽנַחֲלָה אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן לִגְבֻלֹתֶֽיהָ׃

“Instruct Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you come to the land of Canaan, this is the land which will fall to you as hereditary property, the land of Canaan according to its borders.

“Instruct Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you come to the land of Canaan, this is the land which will fall to you as hereditary property, the land of Canaan according to its borders.

Rashi

זאת הארץ אשר תפל לכם וגו'. לְפִי שֶׁהַרְבֵּה מִצְוֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת בָּאָרֶץ וְאֵין נוֹהֲגוֹת בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, הֻצְרַךְ לִכְתֹּב מִצְרָנֵי גְבוּלֵי רוּחוֹתֶיהָ סָבִיב, לוֹמַר לְךָ מִן הַגְּבוּלִים הַלָּלוּ וְלִפְנִים הַמִּצְוֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת (עי' גיטין ח'):

This is the land which will fall to you, etc. Since many commandments apply in the land, but do not apply outside the land, it was necessary to record the outer reaches of the borders of its perimeter, to inform you that within those borders, the commandments apply.

תפל לכם. עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנִּתְחַלְּקָה בְגוֹרָל נִקְרֵאת חֲלֻקָּה לְשׁוֹן נְפִילָה; וּמִ"אַ אוֹמֵר עַ"יְ שֶׁהִפִּיל הַקָּבָּ"ה שָׂרֵיהֶם שֶׁל שִׁבְעָה אֻמּוֹת מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וּכְפָתָן לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה אָמַר לוֹ רְאֵה אֵין בָּהֶם עוֹד כֹּחַ (עי' תנחומא):

Will fall to you. Because it was apportioned by lot, the apportionment is described in terms of falling. Midrash Aggadah remarks, because the Holy One, Blessed is He, caused the fall of the [celestial] ministers of the seven nations from heaven, and prostrated them before Moshe, and said to him, “observe, they no longer have any power.”

34:3

וְהָיָה לָכֶם פְּאַת־נֶגֶב מִמִּדְבַּר־צִן עַל־יְדֵי אֱדוֹם וְהָיָה לָכֶם גְּבוּל נֶגֶב מִקְצֵה יָם־הַמֶּלַח קֵֽדְמָה׃

Your southern flank shall be from the Tzin wilderness along [the land of] Edom; the southern border shall be from the edge of the Salt Sea to the east.

Your southern flank shall be from the Tzin wilderness along [the land of] Edom; the southern border shall be from the edge of the Salt Sea to the east.

Rashi

והיה לכם פאת נגב. רוּחַ דְּרוֹמִית אֲשֶׁר מִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב:

Your southern flank shall be. The southern side, from east to west.

ממדבר צן. אֲשֶׁר אֵצֶל אֱדוֹם מַתְחִיל מִקְצוֹעַ דְרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית שֶׁל אֶרֶץ תִּשְׁעַת הַמַּטּוֹת; כֵּיצַד? שָׁלוֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת יוֹשְׁבוֹת בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל זוֹ אֵצֶל זוֹ — קְצָת אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וְאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם כֻּלָּהּ וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב כֻּלָּהּ, אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בְּמִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מַעֲרָבִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ מֵעַצְמוֹן נַחְלָה מִצְרָיִם וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּמָּה, וְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ עַל פְּנֵי כָל אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע י"ג) "מִן הַשִּׁיחוֹר אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם", וּמַפְסִיק בֵּין אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם אֶצְלָהּ לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח, וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב אֵצֶל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם בְּסוֹף הַדָּרוֹם לַמִּזְרָח. וּכְשֶׁיָּצְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם, אִם רָצָה הַמָּקוֹם לְקָרֵב אֶת כְּנִיסָתָם לָאָרֶץ, הָיָה מַעֲבִירָם אֶת הַנִּילוּס לְצַד צָפוֹן וּבָאִין לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ג) "וְלֹא נָחָם אֱלֹהִים דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים", שֶׁהֵם יוֹשְׁבִים עַל הַיָּם בְּמַעֲרָבָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן — כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים (צפניה ב') "יֹשְׁבֵי חֶבֶל הַיָּם גּוֹי כְּרֵתִים" — וְלֹא נָחָם אוֹתוֹ הַדֶּרֶךְ, אֶלָּא הֱסִבָּן וְהוֹצִיאָם דֶּרֶךְ דְּרוֹמָהּ אֶל הַמִּדְבָּר, וְהוּא שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ יְחֶזְקֵאל (יחזקאל כ') "מִדְבַּר הָעַמִּים", לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ כַמָּה אֻמּוֹת יוֹשְׁבִים בְּצִדּוֹ; וְהוֹלְכִין אֵצֶל דְּרוֹמָהּ מִן הַמַּעֲרָב כְּלַפֵּי מִזְרָח תָּמִיד עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם, וּבִקְּשׁוּ מִמֶּלֶךְ אֱדוֹם שֶׁיַּנִּיחֵם לַעֲבֹר דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצוֹ וּלְהִכָּנֵס לָאָרֶץ דֶּרֶךְ רָחְבָּהּ וְלֹא רָצָה, וְהֻצְרְכוּ לִסְבֹּב אֶת כָּל דְּרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֱדוֹם עַד בּוֹאָם לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים י"א) "וְגַם אֶל מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב שָׁלַח וְלֹא אָבָה", וְהָלְכוּ כָּל דְּרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מוֹאָב עַד סוֹפָהּ, וּמִשָּׁם הָפְכוּ פְנֵיהֶם לַצָּפוֹן עַד שֶׁסָּבְבוּ כָל מֶצֶר מִזְרָחִי שֶׁלָּהּ לְרָחְבָּהּ; וּכְשֶׁכִּלּוּ אֶת מִזְרָחָהּ, מָצְאוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בְּמִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מַפְסִיק בֵּינֵיהֶם, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּיִפְתָּח (שם) "וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיָּסָב אֶת אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם וְאֶת אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַיָּבֹא מִמִּזְרַח שֶׁמֶשׁ לְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב", וְכָבְשׁוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שֶׁהָיְתָה בִּצְפוֹנָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וְקָרְבוּ עַד הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהוּא כְנֶגֶד מִקְצוֹעַ צָפוֹנָה מַעֲרָבָה שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב; נִמְצָא שֶׁאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן לַמַּעֲרָב, הָיָה מִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית שֶׁלָּהּ אֵצֶל אֱדוֹם:

From the Tzin wilderness. Which adjoining Edom, begins the southeastern corner of the land of the nine tribes. How is this? Three countries lie south of Eretz Yisroel, each adjoining the next; part of the land of Egypt, all of the land of Edom, and all of the land of Moav. The land of Egypt is at the southwestern corner, as it is said in this Parshah, “[the border turns] from Atzmon to the Egyptian Estuary and its outskirts shall reach the sea.” The Egyptian Estuary’s path faced the entire land of Egypt, as it is said, ”from the [river] Shichor, facing Egypt,” and separates the land of Egypt from Eretz Yisroel. The land of Edom adjoined it eastward, with the land of Moav adjoining the land of Edom at the eastern end of the southern border. When the Bnei Yisroel left Egypt, had the Omnipresent desired to hasten their entry into the land, He would have brought them northward across the Nile, and they would have entered Eretz Yisroel — but He did not do so. This is the meaning of what is said, “God did not lead them along the route of the land of the P’lishtim,” who dwelt by the sea, on the western border of the land of Canaan, as is said concerning the P’lishtim, “those who dwell on the territory by the sea, the Kereisite nation.” He did not lead them along that route, but diverted them, bringing them out by the southern route, into the wilderness — the Yechezkel called “the wilderness of nations,” because several nations dwelt alongside it. He then led them in the south from west to east, continuously, until they reached south of the land of Edom. They requested that the king of Edom permit them to enter his land, traverse its width, and enter the land, but he refused, so they had to travel around the entire southern side of Edom, until they reached south of the land of Moav, as it is said, “he also sent emissaries to the king of Moav, but he refused.” They traveled along the entire southern side of Moav, to the end. From there they turned their faces to the north, until they traveled around its entire eastern border along its width. When they completed its eastern side, they came upon the territory of Sichon and Og, who dwelt east of the land of Canaan, with the Yardein interposing between them. This is the meaning of what was said by Yiftach, “they traveled in the wilderness, proceeded around the land of Edom and the land of Moav, and came to [the end of] the eastern border of the land of Moav.” They conquered the territory of Sichon and Og, which was north of the land of Moav, and came abreast of the Yardein, opposite the northwest corner of the land of Moav. Thus, the land of Canaan across the Yardein to the west had its sourtheastern corner adjacent to Moav.

34:4

וְנָסַב לָכֶם הַגְּבוּל מִנֶּגֶב לְמַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים וְעָבַר צִנָה (והיה) [וְהָיוּ] תּֽוֹצְאֹתָיו מִנֶּגֶב לְקָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ וְיָצָא חֲצַר־אַדָּר וְעָבַר עַצְמֹֽנָה׃

The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim passing toward Tzin; and its outskirts shall be south of Kadeish Barne’a, and then it shall extend to Chatzar Adar and continue toward Atzmon.

The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim passing toward Tzin; and its outskirts shall be south of Kadeish Barne’a, and then it shall extend to Chatzar Adar and continue toward Atzmon.

Rashi

ונסב לכם הגבול מנגב למעלה עקרבים. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנָסַב" אוֹ "וְיָצָא" מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה הַמֶּצֶר שָׁוֶה אֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְיוֹצֵא לַחוּץ; יוֹצֵא הַמֶּצֶר וְעוֹקֵם לְצַד צְפוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן לַמַּעֲרָב, וְעוֹבֵר הַמֶּצֶר בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים, נִמְצָא מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים לִפְנִים מִן הַמֶּצֶר:

The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim. Wherever it says “turns” or “extends,” it teaches that the border was not even, but swerved away. The border swerves, bending towards the north and angling west, so that the border passes south of Maaleh Akrabim — thus, Maaleh Akrabim was within the border.

ועבר צנה. אֶל צִן, כְּמוֹ מִצְרַיְמָה:

Passing toward Tzin. צִנָה, ”to Tzin,” like מִצְרַיְמָה, “to Egypt.”

והיו תוצאתיו. קְצוֹתָיו, בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ:

Its outskirts shall be. Its ending, south of Kadeish Barne’a.

ויצא חצר אדר. מִתְפַּשֵּׁט הַמֶּצֶר וּמַרְחִיב לְצַד צָפוֹן שֶׁל עוֹלָם וְנִמְשָׁךְ עוֹד בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן לַמַּעֲרָב, וּבָא לוֹ לַחֲצַר אַדָּר, וּמִשָּׁם לְעַצְמוֹן, וּמִשָּׁם לְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם; וּלְשׁוֹן וְנָסַב הָאָמוּר כָּאן, לְפִי שֶׁכָּתַב וְיָצָא חֲצַר אַדָּר, שֶׁהִתְחִיל לְהַרְחִיב מִשֶּׁעָבַר אֶת קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ, וְרֹחַב אוֹתָהּ רְצוּעָה שֶׁבָּלְטָה לְצַד צָפוֹן הָיְתָה מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ עַד עַצְמוֹן, וּמִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה נִתְקַצֵּר הַמֶּצֶר וְנָסַב לְצַד הַדָּרוֹם וּבָא לוֹ לְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם, וּמִשָּׁם לְצַד הַמַּעֲרָב אֶל הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁהוּא מֶצֶר מַעֲרָבָהּ שֶׁל כָּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִמְצָא שֶׁנַּחַל מִצְרַיִם בְּמִקְצוֹעַ מַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית:

It shall extend to Chatzar Adar. The border spreads, broadening towards the north and angling further west, until it reaches Chatzar Adar, from there to Atzmon, and from there to the Egyptian Estuary. The term “turns” is used here, because it wrote “it shall extend to Chatzar Adar.” It began broadening after crossing Kadesh Barne’a, and the breadth of the strip which protruded northward reached from Kadesh Barne’a to Atzmon. From there and onward the border receded, turning toward the south until reaching the Egyptian Estuary, and from there west to the Mediterranean, which serves as the western border for all of Eretz Yisroel. Thus, the Egyptian Estuary is situated at the southwestern corner.

34:5

וְנָסַב הַגְּבוּל מֵעַצְמוֹן נַחְלָה מִצְרָיִם וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּֽמָּה׃

The border turns from Atzmon toward the Egyptian Estuary and its outskirts shall reach the sea.

The border turns from Atzmon toward the Egyptian Estuary and its outskirts shall reach the sea.

Rashi

והיו תוצאתיו הימה. אֶל מֶצֶר הַמַּעֲרָב שֶׁאֵין עוֹד גְּבוּל נֶגֶב מַאֲרִיךְ לְצַד הַמַּעֲרָב מִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה:

Its outskirts shall reach the sea. Until the western border. The southern border no longer extends towards the west, past there.

34:6

וּגְבוּל יָם וְהָיָה לָכֶם הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל וּגְבוּל זֶֽה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל יָֽם׃

As for the western border; it shall be the border of the Great Sea, this shall be your western border.

As for the western border; it shall be the border of the Great Sea, this shall be your western border.

Rashi

וגבול ים. וּמֶצֶר מַעֲרָבִי מַהוּ?

As for the western border. What is the western border?

והיה לכם הים הגדול. לְמֶצֶר:

It shall be the Great (Mediterranean) Sea. As a border.

וגבול. הַנִּסִּין שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַיָּם אַף הֵם מִן הַגְּבוּל, וְהֵם אִיִּים שֶקּוֹרִין איזל"ס:

And its border. The islands at sea are also part of the border. These islands are called “isles” in Old French.

34:7

וְזֶֽה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל צָפוֹן מִן־הַיָּם הַגָּדֹל תְּתָאוּ לָכֶם הֹר הָהָֽר׃

This shall be your northern border; from the Great Sea turn yourselves to Hor Hahar.

This shall be your northern border; from the Great Sea turn yourselves to Hor Hahar.

Rashi

גבול צפון. מֶצֶר צָפוֹן:

The northern border. The northern border.

מן הים הגדל תתאו לכם הר ההר. שֶׁהוּא בְמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית וְרֹאשׁוֹ מַשְׁפִּיעַ וְנִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ הַיָּם, וְיֵשׁ מֵרֹחַב הַיָּם לִפְנִים הֵימֶנּוּ וְחוּצָה הֵימֶנּוּ:

From the Great (Mediterranean) Sea, turn yourselves to Hor Hahar. Which is at the northwestern corner. Its peak slopes and enters the sea, with some of the expanse of the sea inward, and some outward.

תתאו. תְּשַׁפְּעוּ לָכֶם, לִנְטוֹת מִמַּעֲרָב לַצָּפוֹן, אֶל הֹר הָהָר:

Turn. Tilt yourselves to turn from west to north, to Mount Hor.

תתאו. לְשׁוֹן סִבָּה, כְּמוֹ "אֶל תָּא הָרָצִים" (מלכים א י"ד), "וְתָאֵי הַשַּׁעַר" (יחזקאל מ') — הַיָּצִיעַ, שֶׁקּוֹרִין אפנדי"ץ, שֶׁהוּא מוּסָב וּמְשֻׁפָּע:

Turn. The term denotes turning, as in “to the runners’ annex,” “the annexes of the gateway.” The annex, called “apendiz” in Old French, turns and slopes.

34:8

מֵהֹר הָהָר תְּתָאוּ לְבֹא חֲמָת וְהָיוּ תּוֹצְאֹת הַגְּבֻל צְדָֽדָה׃

From Hor Hahar turn to Levo Chamas and the outskirts of the border shall be toward Tzedad.

From Hor Hahar turn to Levo Chamas and the outskirts of the border shall be toward Tzedad.

Rashi

מהר ההר. תָּסֹבּוּ וְתֵלְכוּ אֶל מֶצֶר הַצָּפוֹן לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח, וְתִפְגְּעוּ בִּלְבֹא חֲמָת, זוֹ אַנְטוֹכְיָא:

From Hor Hahar. Turn and proceed along the northern border to the east, and you will encounter Levo Chamas — this is Antioch.

תוצאת הגבל. סוֹפֵי הַגְּבוּל; כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תּוֹצְאוֹת הַגְּבוּל, אוֹ הַמֶּצֶר כָּלֶה שָׁם לְגַמְרֵי וְאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר לְהַלָּן כְּלָל, אוֹ מִשָּׁם מִתְפַּשֵּׁט וּמַרְחִיב וְיוֹצֵא לַאֲחוֹרָיו לְהִמָּשֵׁךְ לְהַלָּן בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן יוֹתֵר מִן הָרֹחַב הָרִאשׁוֹן, וּלְעִנְיַן רֹחַב הַמִּדָּה הָרִאשׁוֹן קְרָאוֹ תּוֹצָאוֹת, שֶׁשָּׁם כָּלְתָה אוֹתָהּ מִדָּה:

The outskirts of the border. The end of the border. Wherever “the outskirts of the border” is said, either the border ends there completely without continuing further at all; or it digresses from there, broadens, and extends in another direction, proceeding further at an angle to the original expanse. It is in relation to the breadth of the original dimension that it is called “extremity,” for that dimension ends there.

34:9

וְיָצָא הַגְּבֻל זִפְרֹנָה וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו חֲצַר עֵינָן זֶֽה־יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל צָפֽוֹן׃

The border shall then extend toward Zifron, and its outskirts shall be at Chatzar Einan; this shall be your northern border.

The border shall then extend toward Zifron, and its outskirts shall be at Chatzar Einan; this shall be your northern border.

Rashi

והיו תוצאתיו חצר עינן. הוּא הָיָה סוֹף הַמֶּצֶר הַצְּפוֹנִי, וְנִמְצֵאת חֲצַר עֵינָן בְּמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מִזְרָחִית, וּמִשָּׁם והתאויתם לכם אֶל מֶצֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי:

Its outskirts shall be at Chatzar Einan. This was the end of the northern border. Thus, Chatzar Einan was situated at the northeastern corner. From there, “turn yourselves to the eastern border.”

34:10

וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם לָכֶם לִגְבוּל קֵדְמָה מֵחֲצַר עֵינָן שְׁפָֽמָה׃

You shall turn yourselves toward the eastern border from Chatzar Einan to Shefam.

You shall turn yourselves toward the eastern border from Chatzar Einan to Shefam.

Rashi

והתאויתם. לְשׁוֹן הֲסִבָּה וּנְטִיָּה, כְּמוֹ "תְּתָאוּ":

Turn. The word [וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם] denotes turning and tilting, like תְּתָאוּ .

שפמה. בַּמֶּצֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי, וּמִשָּׁם הָרִבְלָה:

To Shefam. On the eastern border, and from there to Rivlah.

34:11

וְיָרַד הַגְּבֻל מִשְּׁפָם הָרִבְלָה מִקֶּדֶם לָעָיִן וְיָרַד הַגְּבֻל וּמָחָה עַל־כֶּתֶף יָם־כִּנֶּרֶת קֵֽדְמָה׃

The border shall then descend from Shefam to Rivlah to the east of Ayin; the border shall descend and contact the bank of the eastern shore of the Kineres Sea.

The border shall then descend from Shefam to Rivlah to the east of Ayin; the border shall descend and contact the bank of the eastern shore of the Kineres Sea.

Rashi

מקדם לעין. שֵׁם מָקוֹם, וְהַמֶּצֶר הוֹלֵךְ בְּמִזְרָחוֹ, נִמְצָא הָעַיִן לִפְנִים מִן הַמֶּצֶר וּמֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא:

East of Ayin. The name of a place. The border passes to its east, so that Ayin is situated within the border, and is part of Eretz Yisroel.

וירד הגבול. כָּל שֶׁהַגְּבוּל הוֹלֵךְ מִצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם הוּא יוֹרֵד וְהוֹלֵךְ:

The border shall descend. As the border proceeds from north to south, it continually descends.

ומחה על כתף ים כנרת קדמה. שֶׁיְּהֵא יָם כִּנֶּרֶת תּוֹךְ לַגְּבוּל, בַּמַּעֲרָב, וְהַגְּבוּל בְּמִזְרַח יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, וּמִשָּׁם יָרַד אֶל הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מוֹשֵׁךְ וּבָא מִן הַצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, נוֹטֶה לְצַד מִזְרָח מִתְקָרֵב לְצַד אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן כְּנֶגֶד יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, וּמוֹשֵׁךְ לְצַד מִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (כְּנֶגֶד יָם כִּנֶּרֶת) עַד שֶׁנּוֹפֵל בְּיָם הַמֶּלַח, וּמִשָּׁם כָּלֶה הַגְּבוּל בְּתוֹצְאוֹתָיו אֶל יָם הַמֶּלַח, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ הַתְחָלַת מֶצֶר מִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית, הֲרֵי סוֹבֶבֶת אוֹתָהּ לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ:

And contact the bank of the eastern shore of the Kineres Sea. So that Lake Kineres was within the border, to the west. The border is east of Lake Kineres, and descends from there to the Yardein. The Yardein flows diagonally, from north to south, angling towards the east, moves towards the land of Canaan at Lake Kineres and continues along the eastern side of Eretz Yisroel opposite Lake Kineres, until emptying into the Dead Sea. From there, the border closes with its extremity reaching the Dead Sea, from which the southeastern corner of the border began, thus surrounding it on all four sides.

34:12

וְיָרַד הַגְּבוּל הַיַּרְדֵּנָה וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו יָם הַמֶּלַח זֹאת תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם הָאָרֶץ לִגְבֻלֹתֶיהָ סָבִֽיב׃

The border shall then descend along the Yardein and its outskirts shall be the Salt (Dead) Sea. This should be your land according to its borders all around.’”

The border shall then descend along the Yardein and its outskirts shall be the Salt (Dead) Sea. This should be your land according to its borders all around.’”

34:13

וַיְצַו מֹשֶׁה אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר זֹאת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר תִּתְנַחֲלוּ אֹתָהּ בְּגוֹרָל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לָתֵת לְתִשְׁעַת הַמַּטּוֹת וַחֲצִי הַמַּטֶּֽה׃

Moshe instructed Bnei Yisroel, saying: “This is the land which you must distribute as hereditary property by means of a lottery, which Adonoy has commanded to give to the nine and one half tribes.

Moshe instructed Bnei Yisroel, saying: “This is the land which you must distribute as hereditary property by means of a lottery, which Adonoy has commanded to give to the nine and one half tribes.

34:14

כִּי לָקְחוּ מַטֵּה בְנֵי הָראוּבֵנִי לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם וּמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־הַגָּדִי לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם וַחֲצִי מַטֵּה מְנַשֶּׁה לָקְחוּ נַחֲלָתָֽם׃

Because the tribe of Reuvein’s descendants, the tribe of Gad’s descendants, and half of the tribe of Menashe have already taken their hereditary property.

Because the tribe of Reuvein’s descendants, the tribe of Gad’s descendants, and half of the tribe of Menashe have already taken their hereditary property.

34:15

שְׁנֵי הַמַּטּוֹת וַחֲצִי הַמַּטֶּה לָקְחוּ נַחֲלָתָם מֵעֵבֶר לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ קֵדְמָה מִזְרָֽחָה׃ {פ}

These two and one half tribes have taken their hereditary property on this side of the Yardein near Yereicho, to the east, toward the sunrise.”

These two and one half tribes have taken their hereditary property on this side of the Yardein near Yereicho, to the east, toward the sunrise.”

Rashi

קדמה מזרחה. אֶל פְּנֵי הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֵם בַּמִּזְרָח, שֶׁרוּחַ מִזְרָחִית קְרוּיָה פָנִים וּמַעֲרָבִית קְרוּיָה אָחוֹר, לְפִיכָךְ דָּרוֹם לַיָּמִין וְצָפוֹן לַשְּׂמֹאל:

To the east, toward the sunrise. To the forefront of the world, which is east, as the eastern direction is called the forefront, and the western, the rear. Therefore, south is to the right, and north to the left.

34:16

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

34:17

אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־יִנְחֲלוּ לָכֶם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃

“These are the names of the men who shall inherit the land for you: Elozor the kohein and Yehoshua son of Nun,

“These are the names of the men who shall inherit the land for you: Elozor the kohein and Yehoshua son of Nun,

Rashi

אשר ינחלו לכם. בִּשְׁבִילְכֶם; כָּל נָשִׂיא וְנָשִׂיא אַפּוֹטְרוֹפּוֹס לְשִׁבְטוֹ וּמְחַלֵּק נַחֲלַת הַשֵּׁבֶט לַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת וְלַגְּבָרִים, וּבוֹרֵר לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד חֵלֶק הָגוּן, וּמַה שֶּׁהֵם עוֹשִׂים יִהְיֶה עָשׂוּי כְּאִלּוּ עֲשָׂאוּם שְׁלוּחִים; וְלֹא יִתָּכֵן לְפָרֵשׁ לכם זֶה כְּכָל לָכֶם שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב יַנְחִילוּ לָכֶם, יִנְחֲלוּ מַשְׁמַע שֶׁהֵם נוֹחֲלִים לָכֶם — בִּשְׁבִילְכֶם וּבִמְקוֹמְכֶם, כְּמוֹ "ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם" (שמות י"ד):

Who shall inherit for you. For your sake. Each tribal leader was the guardian for his tribe, and he apportioned the tribal inheritance to the families and individuals. He chose a suitable portion for each individual, and their actions were binding, as if they had been designated as agents. But it would be improper to explain this לָכֶם [lit. “to you”] like every לָכֶם in Scripture, for, if so, it should have written יַנְחִילוּ לָכֶם, “they shall cause the inheritance to belong to you.” [לָכֶם] יִנְחֲלוּ means that they shall inherit for you, for your sake, in your place, like ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם, “God will wage war for your sake.”

34:18

וְנָשִׂיא אֶחָד נָשִׂיא אֶחָד מִמַּטֶּה תִּקְחוּ לִנְחֹל אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

And one leader from each tribe you shall take, to help inherit the land.

And one leader from each tribe you shall take, to help inherit the land.

Rashi

לנחל את הארץ. שֶׁיְּהֵא נוֹחֵל וְחוֹלֵק אוֹתָהּ בִּמְקוֹמְכֶם:

To inherit the land. He is to inherit, take the portion of the land as your surrogate.

34:19

וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָאֲנָשִׁים לְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָה כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃

These are the names of the men: for the tribe of Yehudah, Kaleiv son of Yefuneh.

These are the names of the men: for the tribe of Yehudah, Kaleiv son of Yefuneh.

34:20

וּלְמַטֵּה בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁמוּאֵל בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃

For the tribe of Shimon, Shmuel, son of Amihud.

For the tribe of Shimon, Shmuel, son of Amihud.

34:21

לְמַטֵּה בִנְיָמִן אֱלִידָד בֶּן־כִּסְלֽוֹן׃

For the tribe of Binyamin, Elidad, son of Kislon.

For the tribe of Binyamin, Elidad, son of Kislon.

34:22

וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵי־דָן נָשִׂיא בֻּקִּי בֶּן־יׇגְלִֽי׃

The leader for the tribe of Don, Buki, son of Yogli.

The leader for the tribe of Don, Buki, son of Yogli.

34:23

לִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁה נָשִׂיא חַנִּיאֵל בֶּן־אֵפֹֽד׃

For Yoseif’s children, the leader for the tribe of Menashe, Chaniel, son of Eifod.

For Yoseif’s children, the leader for the tribe of Menashe, Chaniel, son of Eifod.

34:24

וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַיִם נָשִׂיא קְמוּאֵל בֶּן־שִׁפְטָֽן׃

The leader for the tribe of Ephraim, Kemuel, son of Shiftan.

The leader for the tribe of Ephraim, Kemuel, son of Shiftan.

34:25

וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻן נָשִׂיא אֱלִיצָפָן בֶּן־פַּרְנָֽךְ׃

The leader for the tribe of Zevulun, Elitzafan, son of Parnach.

The leader for the tribe of Zevulun, Elitzafan, son of Parnach.

34:26

וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָר נָשִׂיא פַּלְטִיאֵל בֶּן־עַזָּֽן׃

The leader for the tribe of Yissachar, Paltiel, son of Azan.

The leader for the tribe of Yissachar, Paltiel, son of Azan.

34:27

וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵי־אָשֵׁר נָשִׂיא אֲחִיהוּד בֶּן־שְׁלֹמִֽי׃

The leader for the tribe of Asher, Achihud, son of Shlomi.

The leader for the tribe of Asher, Achihud, son of Shlomi.

34:28

וּלְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִי נָשִׂיא פְּדַהְאֵל בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃

The leader for the tribe of Naftali, Pedah’eil, son of Amihud.”

The leader for the tribe of Naftali, Pedah’eil, son of Amihud.”

34:29

אֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לְנַחֵל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ {פ}

These are the ones whom Adonoy commanded to apportion the inheritance to Bnei Yisroel, in the land of Canaan.

These are the ones whom Adonoy commanded to apportion the inheritance to Bnei Yisroel, in the land of Canaan.

Rashi

לנחל את בני ישראל. שֶׁהֵם יַנְחִילוּ אוֹתָהּ לָכֶם לְמַחְלְקוֹתֶיהָ:

To apportion the inheritance to Bnei Yisroel. They are to give the inheritance to you according to its portions.

Bamidbar 35

35:1

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּעַֽרְבֹת מוֹאָב עַל־יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the plains of Moav by the Yardein near Yereicho, saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe in the plains of Moav by the Yardein near Yereicho, saying:

35:2

צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנָתְנוּ לַלְוִיִּם מִֽנַּחֲלַת אֲחֻזָּתָם עָרִים לָשָׁבֶת וּמִגְרָשׁ לֶֽעָרִים סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם תִּתְּנוּ לַלְוִיִּֽם׃

“Instruct Bnei Yisroel and have them give to the Levites from their hereditary possession, cities in which to settle; and open space for the cities all around you shall give to the Levites.

“Instruct Bnei Yisroel and have them give to the Levites from their hereditary possession, cities in which to settle; and open space for the cities all around you shall give to the Levites.

Rashi

ומגרש. רֶוַח מָקוֹם חָלָק חוּץ לָעִיר סָבִיב, לִהְיוֹת לְנוֹי לָעִיר, וְאֵין רַשָּׁאִין לִבְנוֹת שָׁם בַּיִת וְלֹא לִנְטֹעַ כֶּרֶם וְלֹא לִזְרֹעַ זְרִיעָה:

And open space. Open space, an empty area surrounding the city, to beautify the city. One is not permitted to build a house there, or plant a vineyard, or sow seeds.

35:3

וְהָיוּ הֶֽעָרִים לָהֶם לָשָׁבֶת וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶם יִהְיוּ לִבְהֶמְתָּם וְלִרְכֻשָׁם וּלְכֹל חַיָּתָֽם׃

These cities shall be theirs for dwelling, and their open space shall be for their animals, their property and all of their necessities to live.

These cities shall be theirs for dwelling, and their open space shall be for their animals, their property and all of their necessities to live.

Rashi

ולכל חיתם. לְכָל צָרְכֵּיהֶם:

And all of their necessities to live. For all their vital needs.

35:4

וּמִגְרְשֵׁי הֶֽעָרִים אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַלְוִיִּם מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה אֶלֶף אַמָּה סָבִֽיב׃

The open space for the cities that you shall give the Levites [shall extend] from the walls of the city and outward a thousand amo¯s all around.

The open space for the cities that you shall give the Levites [shall extend] from the walls of the city and outward a thousand amo¯s all around.

Rashi

אלף אמה סביב. וְאַחֲרָיו הוּא אוֹמֵר אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה, הָא כֵיצַד? אַלְפַּיִם הוּא נוֹתֵן לָהֶם סָבִיב, וּמֵהֶם אֶלֶף הַפְּנִימִיִּים לְמִגְרָשׁ וְהַחִיצוֹנִים לְשָׂדוֹת וּכְרָמִים:

A thousand amos all around. But afterward it says, “two thousand amos.” How is this? He gave them two thousand (amos) all around the city. Of those, the inner thousand are for parkland, and the outer (thousand) are for fields and vineyards.

35:5

וּמַדֹּתֶם מִחוּץ לָעִיר אֶת־פְּאַת־קֵדְמָה אַלְפַּיִם בָּֽאַמָּה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־נֶגֶב אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־יָם ׀ אַלְפַּיִם בָּֽאַמָּה וְאֵת פְּאַת צָפוֹן אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְהָעִיר בַּתָּוֶךְ זֶה יִהְיֶה לָהֶם מִגְרְשֵׁי הֶעָרִֽים׃

You shall measure from outside the city two thousand amo¯s on the eastern side, two thousand amo¯s on the southern side, two thousand amo¯s on the western side, and two thousand amo¯s on the northern side; with the city in the center. This shall be the open spaces for the cities.

You shall measure from outside the city two thousand amo¯s on the eastern side, two thousand amo¯s on the southern side, two thousand amo¯s on the western side, and two thousand amo¯s on the northern side; with the city in the center. This shall be the open spaces for the cities.

35:6

וְאֵת הֶֽעָרִים אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַלְוִיִּם אֵת שֵׁשׁ־עָרֵי הַמִּקְלָט אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לָנֻס שָׁמָּה הָרֹצֵחַ וַעֲלֵיהֶם תִּתְּנוּ אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם עִֽיר׃

Along with the cities that you shall give the Levites shall be the six refuge cities which you shall provide [as places] for a murderer to flee; and in addition to them, you shall provide forty-two cities.

Along with the cities that you shall give the Levites shall be the six refuge cities which you shall provide [as places] for a murderer to flee; and in addition to them, you shall provide forty-two cities.

35:7

כׇּל־הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַלְוִיִּם אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה עִיר אֶתְהֶן וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃

The total number of cities that you shall give to the Levites is forty eight cities, with their open spaces.

The total number of cities that you shall give to the Levites is forty eight cities, with their open spaces.

35:8

וְהֶֽעָרִים אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ מֵאֲחֻזַּת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֵת הָרַב תַּרְבּוּ וּמֵאֵת הַמְעַט תַּמְעִיטוּ אִישׁ כְּפִי נַחֲלָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר יִנְחָלוּ יִתֵּן מֵעָרָיו לַלְוִיִּֽם׃ {פ}

The cities that you shall give, [shall be] from the possession of Bnei Yisroel; take more from a larger [holding], and less from a smaller [holding], each person, according to his inheritance, shall give of his cities to the Levites.”

The cities that you shall give, [shall be] from the possession of Bnei Yisroel; take more from a larger [holding], and less from a smaller [holding], each person, according to his inheritance, shall give of his cities to the Levites.”

35:9

וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying:

35:10

דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּי אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן אַרְצָה כְּנָֽעַן׃

“Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you cross the Yardein into the land of Canaan,

“Speak to Bnei Yisroel and say to them: ‘When you cross the Yardein into the land of Canaan,

35:11

וְהִקְרִיתֶם לָכֶם עָרִים עָרֵי מִקְלָט תִּהְיֶינָה לָכֶם וְנָס שָׁמָּה רֹצֵחַ מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃

you shall provide cities for yourselves, which shall serve as refuge cities for you, so that a murderer can flee there, one who accidentally killed a person.

you shall provide cities for yourselves, which shall serve as refuge cities for you, so that a murderer can flee there, one who accidentally killed a person.

Rashi

והקריתם. אֵין הַקְרָיָה אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן הַזְמָנָה, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "כִּי הִקְרָה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְפָנָי" (בראשית כ"ז):

You shall provide. הַקְרָיָיה means [nothing but] providing. Similarly, it says, “because the Adonoy your God provided for me.”

35:12

וְהָיוּ לָכֶם הֶעָרִים לְמִקְלָט מִגֹּאֵל וְלֹא יָמוּת הָרֹצֵחַ עַד־עׇמְדוֹ לִפְנֵי הָעֵדָה לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃

These cities shall serve you as a refuge from the avenger, so that the murderer will not die until he stands in judgment before the congregation.

These cities shall serve you as a refuge from the avenger, so that the murderer will not die until he stands in judgment before the congregation.

Rashi

מגאל. מִפְּנֵי גּוֹאֵל הַדָּם, שֶׁהוּא קָרוֹב לַנִּרְצָח:

From the avenger. Against the blood redeemer, who is the kinsman of the murder victim.

35:13

וְהֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר תִּתֵּנוּ שֵׁשׁ־עָרֵי מִקְלָט תִּהְיֶינָה לָכֶֽם׃

The cities that you shall give, will serve you as six refuge cities.

The cities that you shall give, will serve you as six refuge cities.

Rashi

שש ערי מקלט. מַגִּיד שֶׁאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁהִבְדִּיל מֹשֶׁה בְּחַיָּיו שָׁלוֹשׁ עָרִים בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, לֹא הָיוּ קוֹלְטוֹת עַד שֶׁנִּבְחֲרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנָּתַן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן (ספרי; מכות ט'):

Six refuge cities. This teaches that although Moshe designated three cities across the Yardein, during his lifetime, they did not absorb, until the selection of the three that Yehoshua placed in the land of Canaan.

35:14

אֵת ׀ שְׁלֹשׁ הֶעָרִים תִּתְּנוּ מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן וְאֵת שְׁלֹשׁ הֶֽעָרִים תִּתְּנוּ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן עָרֵי מִקְלָט תִּהְיֶֽינָה׃

Three cities on this side of the Yardein, and the [other] three cities you shall give in the land of Canaan. They shall be cities of refuge.

Three cities on this side of the Yardein, and the [other] three cities you shall give in the land of Canaan. They shall be cities of refuge.

Rashi

את שלש הערים וגו'. אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן תִּשְׁעָה שְׁבָטִים וְכָאן אֵינָן אֶלָּא שְׁנַיִם וָחֵצִי, הִשְׁוָה מִנְיַן עָרֵי הַמִּקְלָט שֶׁלָּהֶם, מִשּׁוּם דִּבְגִלְעָד נְפִישֵׁי רוֹצְחִים, דִּכְתִיב (הושע ו') "גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם" (שם):

Three cities, etc. Although there were, in the land of Canaan, nine tribes, and here only two and one half, the number of their cities of refuge was the same. Because Gil’ad was rife with murderers, as it is written, “Gil’ad, city of evildoers, bloody ambush.”

35:15

לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלַגֵּר וְלַתּוֹשָׁב בְּתוֹכָם תִּהְיֶינָה שֵׁשׁ־הֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה לְמִקְלָט לָנוּס שָׁמָּה כׇּל־מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃

For Bnei Yisroel, the proselyte, and resident among them, shall these six cities be a refuge, to flee there anyone who accidentally kills a person.

For Bnei Yisroel, the proselyte, and resident among them, shall these six cities be a refuge, to flee there anyone who accidentally kills a person.

35:16

וְאִם־בִּכְלִי בַרְזֶל ׀ הִכָּהוּ וַיָּמֹת רֹצֵחַֽ הוּא מוֹת יוּמַת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃

But if he struck him with an iron instrument and he died, then he is a murderer; the murderer must be executed.

But if he struck him with an iron instrument and he died, then he is a murderer; the murderer must be executed.

Rashi

ואם בכלי ברזל הכהו. אֵין זֶה מְדַבֵּר בְּהוֹרֵג בְּשׁוֹגֵג הַסָּמוּךְ לוֹ, אֶלָּא בְּהוֹרֵג בְּמֵזִיד, וּבָא לְלַמֵּד שֶׁהַהוֹרֵג בְּכָל דָּבָר צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ שִׁעוּר כְּדֵי לְהָמִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּכֻלָּם "אֲשֶׁר יָמוּת בּוֹ", דִּמְתַּרְגְּמִינַן "דְּהִיא כְמִסַּת דִּימוּת בֵּיהּ", חוּץ מִן הַבַּרְזֶל, שֶׁגָּלוּי וְיָדוּעַ לִפְנֵי הַקָּבָּ"ה שֶׁהַבַּרְזֶל מֵמִית בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא, אֲפִלּוּ מַחַט, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא נָתְנָה בוֹ תּוֹרָה שִׁעוּר לִכְתֹּב בּוֹ אֲשֶׁר יָמוּת בּוֹ; וְאִם תֹּאמַר בְּהוֹרֵג בְּשׁוֹגֵג הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר לְמַטָּה אוֹ בכל אבן אשר ימות בה בלא ראות וְגוֹ', לִמֵּד עַל הָאֲמוּרִים לְמַעְלָה שֶׁבְּהוֹרֵג בְּמֵזִיד הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר:

But if he struck him with an iron instrument. This does not refer to the inadvertent killing discussed in the preceding context, but, rather, to premeditated murder. It teaches that all implements of murder must be sizable enough to kill, for it is said, concerning all of them, “which can kill,” rendered by Targum [Onkelos], ”of a size capable of killing” — except for iron. For it is clearly evident to The Holy One, Blessed is He, that iron of any size can kill, even a needle. The Torah, therefore, did not specify a size by saying “which can kill.” Still, you may ask, “perhaps our passage refers to one who killed inadvertently?” But it states, below, “or, with a stone which can kill, without seeing, etc.” This teaches that, in its statements above, Scripture refers to premeditated murder.

35:17

וְאִם בְּאֶבֶן יָד אֲשֶׁר־יָמוּת בָּהּ הִכָּהוּ וַיָּמֹת רֹצֵחַֽ הוּא מוֹת יוּמַת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃

Or if with a stone that can be held in the hand and which can kill he strikes him, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer must be executed.

Or if with a stone that can be held in the hand and which can kill he strikes him, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer must be executed.

Rashi

באבן יד. שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ מְלֹא יָד (ספרי):

With a stone that can be held in the hand. Large enough to fill the hand.

אשר ימות בה. שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ שִׁעוּר לְהָמִית, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ; לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהִכָּה אִישׁ אֶת רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן" (שמות כ"א), וְלֹא נָתַן בָּהּ שִׁעוּר, יָכוֹל כָּל שֶׁהוּא, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר אשר ימות בה:

Which can kill. Large enough to kill, as rendered by Targum [Onkelos]. Since it is said, “if a man strikes his fellow with a stone” without specifying its size, perhaps any size? It is said, therefore, “which can kill.”

35:18

אוֹ בִּכְלִי עֵֽץ־יָד אֲשֶׁר־יָמוּת בּוֹ הִכָּהוּ וַיָּמֹת רֹצֵחַֽ הוּא מוֹת יוּמַת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃

Or if with a wooden implement [that can be held] in the hand and which can cause death he strikes him, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer must be executed.

Or if with a wooden implement [that can be held] in the hand and which can cause death he strikes him, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer must be executed.

Rashi

או בכלי עץ יד. לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) "וְכִי יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת אֲמָתוֹ בַּשֵּׁבֶט", יָכוֹל כָּל שֶׁהוּא, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר "בְּעֵץ אֲשֶׁר יָמוּת בּוֹ" — שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְהָמִית (ספרי):

Or with a wooden implement [that can be held] in the hand. Since it is said, “if a man strikes his slave or his maidservant with a rod,” perhaps any size? It is said, concerning wood, therefore, “which can cause death” — it must be sizable enough to kill.

35:19

גֹּאֵל הַדָּם הוּא יָמִית אֶת־הָרֹצֵחַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בוֹ הוּא יְמִתֶֽנּוּ׃

The blood avenger shall kill the murderer, wherever he meets him he may kill him.

The blood avenger shall kill the murderer, wherever he meets him he may kill him.

Rashi

בפגעו בו. אֲפִלּוּ בְּתוֹךְ עָרֵי מִקְלָט:

Wherever he meets him. Even inside the cities of refuge.

35:20

וְאִם־בְּשִׂנְאָה יֶהְדֳּפֶנּוּ אֽוֹ־הִשְׁלִיךְ עָלָיו בִּצְדִיָּה וַיָּמֹֽת׃

If he pushes [his victim] out of hatred or throws at him deliberately, and he died,

If he pushes [his victim] out of hatred or throws at him deliberately, and he died,

Rashi

בצדיה. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, "בְּכָמְנָא" — בְּמַאֲרָב:

Deliberately. As Targum [Onkelos] renders, בְּכַמְנָא, “from ambush.”

35:21

אוֹ בְאֵיבָה הִכָּהוּ בְיָדוֹ וַיָּמֹת מֽוֹת־יוּמַת הַמַּכֶּה רֹצֵחַֽ הוּא גֹּאֵל הַדָּם יָמִית אֶת־הָרֹצֵחַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ׃

or if in enmity, he struck him with his hand and he died, the assailant must be executed; he is a murderer. The blood avenger may kill the murderer wherever he meets him.

or if in enmity, he struck him with his hand and he died, the assailant must be executed; he is a murderer. The blood avenger may kill the murderer wherever he meets him.

35:22

וְאִם־בְּפֶתַע בְּלֹא־אֵיבָה הֲדָפוֹ אוֹ־הִשְׁלִיךְ עָלָיו כׇּל־כְּלִי בְּלֹא צְדִיָּֽה׃

But if suddenly, without enmity, he pushed him or threw any object at him not deliberately,

But if suddenly, without enmity, he pushed him or threw any object at him not deliberately,

Rashi

בפתע. בְּאֹנֶס, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "בִּתְכֵיף", שֶׁהָיָה סָמוּךְ לוֹ וְלֹא הָיָה לוֹ שָׁהוּת לְהִזָּהֵר עָלָיו:

Suddenly. Accidentally. Targum [Onkelos] renders בִּתְכֵיף, “suddenly.” He was nearby, and there was no time for him to take heed.

35:23

אוֹ בְכׇל־אֶבֶן אֲשֶׁר־יָמוּת בָּהּ בְּלֹא רְאוֹת וַיַּפֵּל עָלָיו וַיָּמֹת וְהוּא לֹא־אוֹיֵב לוֹ וְלֹא מְבַקֵּשׁ רָעָתֽוֹ׃

Or (even) with a stone which can kill, without seeing [the victim], he threw it down on him and he died, but he was not his enemy and did not seek his harm.

Or (even) with a stone which can kill, without seeing [the victim], he threw it down on him and he died, but he was not his enemy and did not seek his harm.

Rashi

או בכל אבן אשר ימות בה. הִכָּהוּ:

Or with a stone which can kill. He struck him.

בלא ראות. שֶׁלֹּא רָאָהוּ:

Without seeing. He did not see him.

ויפל עליו. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ הַהוֹרֵג דֶּרֶךְ יְרִידָה גּוֹלֶה, דֶּרֶךְ עֲלִיָּה אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה (מכות ל'):

He threw it down on him. From here they (the Rabbis) said, “someone who kills while descending, is exiled; [but if he kills] while ascending, is not exiled.”

35:24

וְשָֽׁפְטוּ הָֽעֵדָה בֵּין הַמַּכֶּה וּבֵין גֹּאֵל הַדָּם עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

Then the congregation shall judge between the assailant and the blood avenger, abiding by these laws.

Then the congregation shall judge between the assailant and the blood avenger, abiding by these laws.

35:25

וְהִצִּילוּ הָעֵדָה אֶת־הָרֹצֵחַ מִיַּד גֹּאֵל הַדָּם וְהֵשִׁיבוּ אֹתוֹ הָֽעֵדָה אֶל־עִיר מִקְלָטוֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָס שָׁמָּה וְיָשַׁב בָּהּ עַד־מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדֹל אֲשֶׁר־מָשַׁח אֹתוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃

The congregation shall protect the murderer from the blood avenger, and return him to his refuge city where he had fled, and he must remain there until the death of the Kohein Gadol who was anointed with the sacred oil.

The congregation shall protect the murderer from the blood avenger, and return him to his refuge city where he had fled, and he must remain there until the death of the Kohein Gadol who was anointed with the sacred oil.

Rashi

עד מות הכהן הגדול. שֶׁהוּא בָא לְהַשְׁרוֹת שְׁכִינָה בְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְהַאֲרִיךְ יְמֵיהֶם, וְהָרוֹצֵחַ בָּא לְסַלֵּק אֶת הַשְּׁכִינָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וּמְקַצֵּר אֶת יְמֵי הַחַיִּים, אֵינוֹ כְדַאי שֶׁיְּהֵא לִפְנֵי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל (ספרי); דָּבָר אַחֵר — לְפִי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁלֹּא תֶאֱרַע תַּקָּלָה זוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחַיָּיו (עי' מכות י"א):

Until the death of the Kohein gadol. As he causes the Divine Presence to reside in Israel, and lengthens their lives, while the murderer causes the Divine Presence to leave Israel, and shortens their lives, he (the murderer) is unworthy of being in the presence of the Kohein Gadol. Another interpretation: Because the Kohein Gadol should have prayed that this pitfall not occur in Israel during his lifetime.

אשר משח אותו בשמן הקדש. לְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ מִן הַמִּקְרָאוֹת הַקְּצָרִים הוּא, שֶׁלֹּא פֵּרֵשׁ מִי מְשָׁחוֹ, אֶלָּא כְּמוֹ אֲשֶׁר מְשָׁחוֹ הַמּוֹשֵׁחַ אוֹתוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַקֹּדֶשׁ; וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דְרָשׁוּהוּ בְמַסֶּכֶת מַכּוֹת (שם) לִרְאָיַת דָּבָר, לְלַמֵּד שֶׁאִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמַר דִּינוֹ מֵת הַכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וּמִנּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו, וּלְאַחַר מִכָּאן נִגְמַר דִּינוֹ, חוֹזֵר בְּמִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אשר משח אתו, וְכִי הוּא מוֹשְׁחוֹ לַכֹּהֵן אוֹ הַכֹּהֵן מָשַׁח אוֹתוֹ? אֶלָּא לְהָבִיא אֶת הַנִּמְשָׁח בְּיָמָיו שֶׁמַּחֲזִירוֹ בְּמִיתָתוֹ:

Who was anointed with the sacred oil. According to its plain meaning, this is one of the shortened passages, as it does not explain who anointed him, but, rather, as if to say, “whom, whoever anointed him with the sacred oil.” Our sages expound this, in Maseches Makos, as verification of a teaching, to teach that, if before his case was decided, the Kohein Gadol died and another was appointed in his place, and his case was then decided, he is released from exile at the death of the second, as it is said, “whom he anointed.” Was it he who anointed him as a kohein, or a kohein who anointed him? Therefore, this is meant to include one who was anointed in his days — that he is released from exile at his death.

35:26

וְאִם־יָצֹא יֵצֵא הָרֹצֵחַ אֶת־גְּבוּל עִיר מִקְלָטוֹ אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָֽׁמָּה׃

But if the murderer goes outside of the border of his refuge city where he had fled,

But if the murderer goes outside of the border of his refuge city where he had fled,

35:27

וּמָצָא אֹתוֹ גֹּאֵל הַדָּם מִחוּץ לִגְבוּל עִיר מִקְלָטוֹ וְרָצַח גֹּאֵל הַדָּם אֶת־הָרֹצֵחַ אֵין לוֹ דָּֽם׃

and the blood avenger finds him outside the border of his refuge city, and the blood avenger kills the murderer, he has no blood.

and the blood avenger finds him outside the border of his refuge city, and the blood avenger kills the murderer, he has no blood.

Rashi

אין לו דם. הֲרֵי הוּא כְּהוֹרֵג אֶת הַמֵּת, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ דָּם:

lit. He has no blood. It is as if he had murdered a lifeless man, as his blood is forfeit.

35:28

כִּי בְעִיר מִקְלָטוֹ יֵשֵׁב עַד־מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדֹל וְאַחֲרֵי מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדֹל יָשׁוּב הָרֹצֵחַ אֶל־אֶרֶץ אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃

For he (the killer) must remain in his refuge city until the death of the Kohein Gadol. After the death of the Kohein Gadol the murderer may return to the land of his possession.

For he (the killer) must remain in his refuge city until the death of the Kohein Gadol. After the death of the Kohein Gadol the murderer may return to the land of his possession.

35:29

וְהָיוּ אֵלֶּה לָכֶם לְחֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃

These [rules] shall be for you the law of justice for all your descendants in all your dwelling places.

These [rules] shall be for you the law of justice for all your descendants in all your dwelling places.

Rashi

בכל מושבתיכם. לִמֵּד שֶׁתְּהֵא סַנְהֶדְרִין קְטַנָּה נוֹהֶגֶת בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁנּוֹהֶגֶת בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (מכות ז'):

In all your dwelling places. This teaches that the lower Sanhedrin court functions outside the land so long as it functions in Eretz Yisroel.

35:30

כׇּל־מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ לְפִי עֵדִים יִרְצַח אֶת־הָרֹצֵחַ וְעֵד אֶחָד לֹא־יַעֲנֶה בְנֶפֶשׁ לָמֽוּת׃

If anyone kills a person, only upon the testimony of witnesses shall the murderer be killed. But one witness may not testify against a person, in a case of capital punishment.

If anyone kills a person, only upon the testimony of witnesses shall the murderer be killed. But one witness may not testify against a person, in a case of capital punishment.

Rashi

כל מכה נפש וגו'. הַבָּא לְהָרְגוֹ עַל שֶׁהִכָּה אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ (עי' ספרי):

If anyone lls a person, etc. The one who endeavors to kill him because he had killed a person. . .

לפי עדים ירצח. שֶׁיָּעִידוּ שֶׁבְּמֵזִיד וּבְהַתְרָאָה הֲרָגוֹ:

Upon the testimony of witnesses shall [the murderer] be killed. Who testify that the murderer acted intentionally, and was forwarned.

35:31

וְלֹֽא־תִקְחוּ כֹפֶר לְנֶפֶשׁ רֹצֵחַ אֲשֶׁר־הוּא רָשָׁע לָמוּת כִּי־מוֹת יוּמָֽת׃

And do not accept atonement compensation for the life of a murderer who is wicked to incur the death penalty, for he must be executed.

And do not accept atonement compensation for the life of a murderer who is wicked to incur the death penalty, for he must be executed.

Rashi

ולא תקחו כפר. לֹא יִפָּטֵר בְּמָמוֹן (כתובות ל"ז):

And do not accept atonement compensation. He cannot absolve himself with money

35:32

וְלֹא־תִקְחוּ כֹפֶר לָנוּס אֶל־עִיר מִקְלָטוֹ לָשׁוּב לָשֶׁבֶת בָּאָרֶץ עַד־מוֹת הַכֹּהֵֽן׃

And do not accept atonement compensation for one who has fled to his refuge city, to allow him to return to live in the land, before the death of the Kohein (Gadol).

And do not accept atonement compensation for one who has fled to his refuge city, to allow him to return to live in the land, before the death of the Kohein (Gadol).

Rashi

ולא תקחו כפר לנוס אל עיר מקלטו. לְמִי שֶׁנָּס אֶל עִיר מִקְלָט, שֶׁהָרַג בְּשׁוֹגֵג, אֵינוֹ נִפְטָר מִגָּלוּת בְּמָמוֹן, לִתֵּן כֹּפֶר לשוב לשבת בארץ טֶרֶם יָמוּת הַכֹּהֵן (שם):

And, do not accept atonement compensation for one who has fled to his refuge city. For, someone who fled to a refuge city because he killed inadvertently, is not absolved from exile with money, by paying atonement compensation so that he may return and dwell in the land before the kohein dies.

לנוס. כְּמוֹ לַנָּס, כְּמוֹ "שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה" (מיכה ב') — שֶׁשָּׁבוּ מִן הַמִּלְחָמָה, וְכֵן "נוּגֵי מִמּוֹעֵד" (צפניה ג'), וְכֵן "כִּי מֻלִים הָיוּ" (יהושע ה'); כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמַר שׁוּב עַל מִי שֶׁשָּׁב כְּבָר, וּמוּל עַל שֶׁמָּל כְּבָר, כֵּן תֹּאמַר לָנוּס עַל מִי שֶׁנָּס כְּבָר, וְקוֹרֵהוּ נוּס, כְּלוֹמַר מֻבְרָח. וְאִם תֹּאמַר לָנוּס — לִבְרֹחַ, וּתְפָרְשֵׁהוּ לֹא תִקְחוּ כֹפֶר לְמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ לִבְרֹחַ לְפָטְרוֹ מִן הַגָּלוּת (עי' ספרי), לֹא יָדַעְתִּי הֵיאַךְ יֹאמַר לָשׁוּב לָשֶׁבֶת בָּאָרֶץ, הֲרֵי עֲדַיִן לֹא נָס, וּמֵהֵיכָן יָשׁוּב?:

לָנוּס . Like לְנָס, as in שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה, “who returned from battle.” Similarly, נוּגֵי מִמּוֹעֵד, “who were excluded from the festivals.” Similarly, כִּי מֻלִים הָיוּ, “for they were circumcised.” Just as one says שׁוּב concerning someone who has already returned, and מוּל concerning someone who was already circumcised, so does one say לָנוּס concerning someone who has already fled. He is called נוּס as if to say מֻבְרָח, “has fled.” But perhaps you might interpret לָנוּס as לִבְרוֹחַ,”to flee,” and explain “do not accept atonement compensation” “for someone who must flee,” and absolve him from exile? Then I do not know how it could say “so that he may return and dwell in the land,” when he did not yet flee — from where shall he return?

35:33

וְלֹֽא־תַחֲנִיפוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם בָּהּ כִּי הַדָּם הוּא יַחֲנִיף אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְלָאָרֶץ לֹֽא־יְכֻפַּר לַדָּם אֲשֶׁר שֻׁפַּךְ־בָּהּ כִּי־אִם בְּדַם שֹׁפְכֽוֹ׃

Do not pollute the land in which you live, for, the blood pollutes the land, and for the land there can be no atonement for the blood that was spilled in it, except through the blood of the one who spilled it.

Do not pollute the land in which you live, for, the blood pollutes the land, and for the land there can be no atonement for the blood that was spilled in it, except through the blood of the one who spilled it.

Rashi

ולא תחניפו. לֹא תַרְשִׁיעוּ, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "וְלָא תְחַיְבוּן":

Do not pollute (lit. falsely flatter). Do not bring evil, as Targum [Onkelos] renders, וְלָא תְחַיְּבוּן, “do not bring guilt.”

35:34

וְלֹא תְטַמֵּא אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם יֹשְׁבִים בָּהּ אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי שֹׁכֵן בְּתוֹכָהּ כִּי אֲנִי יְהֹוָה שֹׁכֵן בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}

You must not defile the land in which you live, wherein I reside, for, I, Adonoy, dwell among Bnei Yisroel.’”

You must not defile the land in which you live, wherein I reside, for, I, Adonoy, dwell among Bnei Yisroel.’”

Rashi

אשר אני שכן בתוכה. שֶׁלֹּא תַשְׁכִּינוּ אוֹתִי בְטֻמְאָתָהּ:

Wherein I reside. Do not cause Me to reside in its defilement.

כי אני ה' שכן בתוך בני ישראל. אַף בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵם טְמֵאִים שְׁכִינָה בֵינֵיהֶם (ספרי):

For I, Adonoy, dwell among Bnei Yisroel. Even when they are defiled, the Divine Presence rests among them.

Bamidbar 36

36:1

וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ רָאשֵׁי הָֽאָבוֹת לְמִשְׁפַּחַת בְּנֵֽי־גִלְעָד בֶּן־מָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה מִֽמִּשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵי יוֹסֵף וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה וְלִפְנֵי הַנְּשִׂאִים רָאשֵׁי אָבוֹת לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

The paternal leaders approached—for the children of Gilad, son of Machir, son of Menashe, of the families of Yoseif’s sons—and they spoke before Moshe and the leaders who were the paternal heads of Bnei Yisroel.

The paternal leaders approached—for the children of Gilad, son of Machir, son of Menashe, of the families of Yoseif’s sons—and they spoke before Moshe and the leaders who were the paternal heads of Bnei Yisroel.

36:2

וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶת־אֲדֹנִי צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לָתֵת אֶת־הָאָרֶץ בְּנַחֲלָה בְּגוֹרָל לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַֽאדֹנִי צֻוָּה בַֽיהֹוָה לָתֵת אֶֽת־נַחֲלַת צְלׇפְחָד אָחִינוּ לִבְנֹתָֽיו׃

They said: “Adonoy commanded our master to give the land as an inheritance, through the casting of lots, to Bnei Yisroel, and our master was commanded by Adonoy to give the inheritance of our brother Tzelofchad to his daughters.

They said: “Adonoy commanded our master to give the land as an inheritance, through the casting of lots, to Bnei Yisroel, and our master was commanded by Adonoy to give the inheritance of our brother Tzelofchad to his daughters.

36:3

וְהָיוּ לְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי שִׁבְטֵי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָשִׁים וְנִגְרְעָה נַחֲלָתָן מִנַּחֲלַת אֲבֹתֵינוּ וְנוֹסַף עַל נַחֲלַת הַמַּטֶּה אֲשֶׁר תִּהְיֶינָה לָהֶם וּמִגֹּרַל נַחֲלָתֵנוּ יִגָּרֵֽעַ׃

But if they marry a member of another tribe of Bnei Yisroel, their inheritance will be diminished from our father’s inheritance, and it will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they will marry, and from the lot of our inheritance it will be subtracted.

But if they marry a member of another tribe of Bnei Yisroel, their inheritance will be diminished from our father’s inheritance, and it will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they will marry, and from the lot of our inheritance it will be subtracted.

Rashi

ונוסף על נחלת המטה. שֶׁהֲרֵי בְנָהּ יוֹרְשָׁהּ, וְהַבֵּן מִתְיַחֵס עַל שֵׁבֶט אָבִיו:

And it will be added to the inheritance of the tribe. Since her son is her heir, and the son’s tribal kinship follows his father’s.

36:4

וְאִם־יִהְיֶה הַיֹּבֵל לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנֽוֹסְפָה נַחֲלָתָן עַל נַחֲלַת הַמַּטֶּה אֲשֶׁר תִּהְיֶינָה לָהֶם וּמִֽנַּחֲלַת מַטֵּה אֲבֹתֵינוּ יִגָּרַע נַחֲלָתָֽן׃

And even when the yoveil occurs for Bnei Yisroel, their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they will marry, and from the inheritance of our fathers’ tribe, their inheritance will be subtracted.

And even when the yoveil occurs for Bnei Yisroel, their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they will marry, and from the inheritance of our fathers’ tribe, their inheritance will be subtracted.

Rashi

ואם יהיה היבל. מִכָּאן הָיָה רַ' יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר עָתִיד הַיּוֹבֵל שֶׁיִּפְסֹק (ספרא ויקרא ב'):

And if the yoveil occurs. From here R’ Yehudah said that yoveil is destined to discontinue.

ואם יהיה היובל. כְּלוֹמַר, אֵין זוֹ מְכִירָה שֶׁחוֹזֶרֶת בַּיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁהַיְרֻשָּׁה אֵינָהּ חוֹזֶרֶת, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם יִהְיֶה הַיּוֹבֵל לֹא תַחֲזֹר הַנַּחֲלָה לְשִׁבְטוֹ, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁנּוֹסְפָה על נחלת המטה אשר תהיינה להם:

And if the yoveil occurs. As if to say, this is not a sale, which reverts on yoveil, for an inheritance does not revert on yoveil. So even if yoveil occurs, the inheritance will not revert to its tribe, and will thus be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry.

36:5

וַיְצַו מֹשֶׁה אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־פִּי יְהֹוָה לֵאמֹר כֵּן מַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵף דֹּבְרִֽים׃

Moshe instructed Bnei Yisroel according to command of Adony, saying: “Correctly are the descendants of Yoseif’s tribe speaking.

Moshe instructed Bnei Yisroel according to command of Adony, saying: “Correctly are the descendants of Yoseif’s tribe speaking.

36:6

זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהֹוָה לִבְנוֹת צְלׇפְחָד לֵאמֹר לַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵיהֶם תִּהְיֶינָה לְנָשִׁים אַךְ לְמִשְׁפַּחַת מַטֵּה אֲבִיהֶם תִּהְיֶינָה לְנָשִֽׁים׃

This is the word that Adonoy has commanded regarding Tzelofchad’s daughters: ‘Let them marry whom they think best, as long as they marry within their tribe of their father.

This is the word that Adonoy has commanded regarding Tzelofchad’s daughters: ‘Let them marry whom they think best, as long as they marry within their tribe of their father.

36:7

וְלֹֽא־תִסֹּב נַחֲלָה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמַּטֶּה אֶל־מַטֶּה כִּי אִישׁ בְּנַחֲלַת מַטֵּה אֲבֹתָיו יִדְבְּקוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Thereby, there will be no transfer of inheritance of Bnei Yisroel from tribe to tribe but each person to the inheritance of his father’s tribe, shall Bnei Yisroel remain attached.

Thereby, there will be no transfer of inheritance of Bnei Yisroel from tribe to tribe but each person to the inheritance of his father’s tribe, shall Bnei Yisroel remain attached.

36:8

וְכׇל־בַּת יֹרֶשֶׁת נַחֲלָה מִמַּטּוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאֶחָד מִמִּשְׁפַּחַת מַטֵּה אָבִיהָ תִּהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה לְמַעַן יִֽירְשׁוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ נַחֲלַת אֲבֹתָֽיו׃

Every daughter who inherits property among the tribes of Bnei Yisroel to a member of her father’s tribe shall she marry, so that each one of Bnei Yisroel will inherit the property of his fathers.

Every daughter who inherits property among the tribes of Bnei Yisroel to a member of her father’s tribe shall she marry, so that each one of Bnei Yisroel will inherit the property of his fathers.

Rashi

וכל בת ירשת נחלה. שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בֵן לְאָבִיהָ:

Every daughter who inherits property. When her father had no son.

36:9

וְלֹֽא־תִסֹּב נַחֲלָה מִמַּטֶּה לְמַטֶּה אַחֵר כִּי־אִישׁ בְּנַחֲלָתוֹ יִדְבְּקוּ מַטּוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And no inheritance will be transferred from one tribe to another tribe; for, through every man with his own inheritance, will the tribes of Bnei Yisroel be attached.

And no inheritance will be transferred from one tribe to another tribe; for, through every man with his own inheritance, will the tribes of Bnei Yisroel be attached.

36:10

כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה כֵּן עָשׂוּ בְּנוֹת צְלׇפְחָֽד׃

Exactly as Adonoy commanded Moshe, so did Tzelofchad’s daughters.

Exactly as Adonoy commanded Moshe, so did Tzelofchad’s daughters.

36:11

וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה תִרְצָה וְחׇגְלָה וּמִלְכָּה וְנֹעָה בְּנוֹת צְלׇפְחָד לִבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִֽׁים׃

And they were—Machlah, Sirtzah, Choglah, Milkah and No’ah, the daughters of Tzelofchad—wives to their cousins.

And they were—Machlah, Sirtzah, Choglah, Milkah and No’ah, the daughters of Tzelofchad—wives to their cousins.

Rashi

מחלה תרצה וגו'. כָּאן מְנָאָן לְפִי גְדֻלָּתָן זוֹ מִזּוֹ בַּשָּׁנִים, וְנִשְּׂאוּ כְּסֵדֶר תּוֹלְדוֹתָן, וּבְכָל הַמִּקְרָא מְנָאָן לְפִי חָכְמָתָן, וּמַגִּיד שֶׁשְּׁקוּלוֹת זוֹ כְּזוֹ (עי' בבא בתרא ק"כ):

Machlah, Sirtzah, etc. Here they are counted by seniority, and they were married in order of their birth. Throughout Scripture, they are counted according to their wisdom. This teaches that they were all equal[ly esteemed.]

36:12

מִֽמִּשְׁפְּחֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁה בֶן־יוֹסֵף הָיוּ לְנָשִׁים וַתְּהִי נַחֲלָתָן עַל־מַטֵּה מִשְׁפַּחַת אֲבִיהֶֽן׃

From the families of Menashe, son of Yoseif, they married, and their inheritance remained with the tribe of their father’s family.

From the families of Menashe, son of Yoseif, they married, and their inheritance remained with the tribe of their father’s family.

36:13

אֵלֶּה הַמִּצְוֺת וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהֹוָה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעַֽרְבֹת מוֹאָב עַל יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃

These are the commandments and the laws that Adonoy commanded Bnei Yisroel through Moshe, in the plains of Moav at the Yardein near Yereicho. Chazak

These are the commandments and the laws that Adonoy commanded Bnei Yisroel through Moshe, in the plains of Moav at the Yardein near Yereicho. Chazak

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann -- corrected vocalization · License: PD
  • English: Rashi Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY

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