Bamidbar
Sh'lach, Aliyah 1 שלח, ראשון
Part of: Sh'lachSh'lach, Aliyah 1Chapter 13Petuchah, Numbers 13:1
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Bamidbar 13
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹֽר׃
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe, saying;
שְׁלַח־לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים וְיָתֻרוּ אֶת־אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִי נֹתֵן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ אֶחָד אִישׁ אֶחָד לְמַטֵּה אֲבֹתָיו תִּשְׁלָחוּ כֹּל נָשִׂיא בָהֶֽם׃
“Send, for yourself, men, and have them scout the Land of Cana’an, which I am giving to Bnei Yisroel; one man, one man each, for his father’s tribe you shall send them, each leader among them.”
“Send, for yourself, men, and have them scout the Land of Cana’an, which I am giving to Bnei Yisroel; one man, one man each, for his father’s tribe you shall send them, each leader among them.”
Rashi
שלח לך. לְדַעְתְּךָ, אֲנִי אֵינִי מְצַוֶּה לְךָ, אִם תִּרְצֶה שְׁלַח; לְפִי שֶׁבָּאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמְרוּ נִשְׁלְחָה אֲנָשִׁים לְפָנֵינוּ, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַתִּקְרְבוּן אֵלַי כֻּלְּכֶם" וְגוֹ' (דברים א'), וּמֹשֶׁה נִמְלַךְ בִּשְׁכִינָה, אָמַר, אָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם שֶׁהִיא טוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אַעֲלֶה אֶתְכֶם מֵעֳנִי מִצְרַיִם" וְגוֹ' (שמות ג'), חַיֵּיהֶם שֶׁאֲנִי נוֹתֵן לָהֶם מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת בְּדִבְרֵי מְרַגְּלִים, לְמַעַן לֹא יִירָשׁוּהָ (תנחומא):
Send, for yourself. According to your opinion I do not command you. If you wish, send. Because the Israelites came and said, ‘let us send men before us,’ as it is said, “all of you approached me, etc.” Moshe conferred with the Shechinah. He (Hashem) said, ‘I told them that it is good, as it is said, “I will bring you up from the suffering of Egypt, etc.” By their lives! I’ll give them an opportunity for error with the report of the spies, so that they will not inherit it.
וַיִּשְׁלַח אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה מִמִּדְבַּר פָּארָן עַל־פִּי יְהֹוָה כֻּלָּם אֲנָשִׁים רָאשֵׁי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵֽמָּה׃
Moshe sent them from the desert of Paran by the word of Adonoy; all of them [were] men of distinction, they were the heads of Bnei Yisroel.
Moshe sent them from the desert of Paran by the word of Adonoy; all of them [were] men of distinction, they were the heads of Bnei Yisroel.
Rashi
על פי ה'. בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא עִכֵּב עַל יָדוֹ:
By the word of Adonoy. With His permission — He did not stop him.
כלם אנשים. כָּל אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא לְשׁוֹן חֲשִׁיבוּת, וְאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה כְּשֵׁרִים הָיוּ:
All of them [were] men of distinction. אֲנָשִׁים in Scripture always refers to distinction. At that time they were righteous.
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹתָם לְמַטֵּה רְאוּבֵן שַׁמּוּעַ בֶּן־זַכּֽוּר׃
These are their names; for the tribe of Reuven, Shamua the son of Zaccur.
These are their names; for the tribe of Reuven, Shamua the son of Zaccur.
לְמַטֵּה שִׁמְעוֹן שָׁפָט בֶּן־חוֹרִֽי׃
For the tribe of Shimon, Shafat the son of Chori.
For the tribe of Shimon, Shafat the son of Chori.
לְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָה כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃
For the tribe of Yehudah, Caleiv the son of Yefuneh.
For the tribe of Yehudah, Caleiv the son of Yefuneh.
לְמַטֵּה יִשָּׂשכָר יִגְאָל בֶּן־יוֹסֵֽף׃
For the tribe of Yissachar, Yigal the son of Yoseif.
For the tribe of Yissachar, Yigal the son of Yoseif.
לְמַטֵּה אֶפְרָיִם הוֹשֵׁעַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃
For the tribe of Ephraim, Hosheiah the son of Nun.
For the tribe of Ephraim, Hosheiah the son of Nun.
לְמַטֵּה בִנְיָמִן פַּלְטִי בֶּן־רָפֽוּא׃
For the tribe of Binyamin, Palti the son of Raphu.
For the tribe of Binyamin, Palti the son of Raphu.
לְמַטֵּה זְבוּלֻן גַּדִּיאֵל בֶּן־סוֹדִֽי׃
For the tribe of Zevulun, Gadiel the son of Sodi.
For the tribe of Zevulun, Gadiel the son of Sodi.
לְמַטֵּה יוֹסֵף לְמַטֵּה מְנַשֶּׁה גַּדִּי בֶּן־סוּסִֽי׃
For the tribe of Yoseif, for the tribe of Menashe, Gadi the son of Susi.
For the tribe of Yoseif, for the tribe of Menashe, Gadi the son of Susi.
לְמַטֵּה דָן עַמִּיאֵל בֶּן־גְּמַלִּֽי׃
For the tribe of Don, Amiel the son of Gemali.
For the tribe of Don, Amiel the son of Gemali.
לְמַטֵּה אָשֵׁר סְתוּר בֶּן־מִיכָאֵֽל׃
For the tribe of Asher, Sesur the son of Michael.
For the tribe of Asher, Sesur the son of Michael.
לְמַטֵּה נַפְתָּלִי נַחְבִּי בֶּן־וׇפְסִֽי׃
For the tribe of Naftali, Nachbi the son of Vofsi.
For the tribe of Naftali, Nachbi the son of Vofsi.
לְמַטֵּה גָד גְּאוּאֵל בֶּן־מָכִֽי׃
For the tribe of Gad, Geu’el the son of Machi.
For the tribe of Gad, Geu’el the son of Machi.
אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַח מֹשֶׁה לָתוּר אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וַיִּקְרָא מֹשֶׁה לְהוֹשֵׁעַ בִּן־נוּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃
These are the names of the men whom Moshe sent to scout the land, and Moshe called Hosheiah the son of Nun, Yehoshua.
These are the names of the men whom Moshe sent to scout the land, and Moshe called Hosheiah the son of Nun, Yehoshua.
Rashi
ויקרא משה להושע וגו'. הִתְפַּלֵּל עָלָיו יָהּ יוֹשִׁיעֲךָ מֵעֲצַת מְרַגְּלִים (סוטה ל"ד):
Moshe called Hosheiah, etc. He prayed for him, ‘may Hashem save you from [joining] the counsel of the spies.”
וַיִּשְׁלַח אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה לָתוּר אֶת־אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶב וַעֲלִיתֶם אֶת־הָהָֽר׃
Moshe sent them to scout the land of Cana’an and he said to them: “Go up this [way], to the south and go up to the mountain.
Moshe sent them to scout the land of Cana’an and he said to them: “Go up this [way], to the south and go up to the mountain.
Rashi
עלו זה בנגב. הוּא הָיָה הַפְּסֹלֶת שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ הַתַּגָּרִים מַרְאִין אֶת הַפְּסֹלֶת תְּחִלָּה, וְאַ"כַּ מַרְאִים אֶת הַשֶּׁבַח (תנחומא):
Go up this [way], to the south. This was the worst of Eretz Yisroel. This is the method of merchants, first they display the worst, and then they display the best.
וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ מַה־הִוא וְאֶת־הָעָם הַיֹּשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ הֶחָזָק הוּא הֲרָפֶה הַמְעַט הוּא אִם־רָֽב׃
See what the land is; and the people living on it; are they strong or weak, if they are few or many;
See what the land is; and the people living on it; are they strong or weak, if they are few or many;
Rashi
את הארץ מה הוא. יֵשׁ אֶרֶץ מְגַדֶּלֶת גִּבּוֹרִים וְיֵשׁ אֶרֶץ מְגַדֶּלֶת חַלָּשִׁים, יֵשׁ מְגַדֶּלֶת אֻכְלוּסִין וְיֵשׁ מְמַעֶטֶת אֻכְלוּסִין:
What the land is. Some countries nurture strong men, some countries nurture weaklings, some grow large populations, some diminish the populace.
החזק הוא הרפה. סִימָן מָסַר לָהֶם: אִם בִּפְרָזִים יוֹשְׁבִין, חֲזָקִים הֵם, שֶׁסּוֹמְכִין עַל גְּבוּרָתָם, וְאִם בְּעָרִים בְּצוּרוֹת הֵם יוֹשְׁבִין חַלָּשִׁים הֵם (שם):
Are they strong or weak. He gave them a sign. If they live in open cities, they are strong, since they are confident of their strength. But if they live in fortified cities, they are weak.
וּמָה הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הוּא יֹשֵׁב בָּהּ הֲטוֹבָה הִוא אִם־רָעָה וּמָה הֶֽעָרִים אֲשֶׁר־הוּא יוֹשֵׁב בָּהֵנָּה הַבְּמַֽחֲנִים אִם בְּמִבְצָרִֽים׃
and how is the land in which they live, is it good, or bad? And how are the cities in which they reside; are they open, or are they fortified ?
and how is the land in which they live, is it good, or bad? And how are the cities in which they reside; are they open, or are they fortified ?
Rashi
הבמחנים. תַּרְגּוּמוֹ "הַבְפַצְחִין", כְּרַכִּין פְּצוּחִין וּפְתוּחִין מֵאֵין חוֹמָה:
Are they open. Targum [Onkelos] translates, הַבְּפַצְחִין (“whether in open cities”), cities that are exposed and open, for lack of a wall.
הטובה הוא. בְּמַעְיָנוֹת וּתְהוֹמוֹת טוֹבִים וּבְרִיאִים:
Is it good. With excellent, prolific wells and deep water shelves.
וּמָה הָאָרֶץ הַשְּׁמֵנָה הִוא אִם־רָזָה הֲיֵֽשׁ־בָּהּ עֵץ אִם־אַיִן וְהִתְחַזַּקְתֶּם וּלְקַחְתֶּם מִפְּרִי הָאָרֶץ וְהַיָּמִים יְמֵי בִּכּוּרֵי עֲנָבִֽים׃
How is the land (soil) is it fat (rich) or lean (poor), does it have trees, or not? You shall strengthen yourselves, and you shall take some fruit of the land.” Those days were the days of the first ripening of the grapes.
How is the land (soil) is it fat (rich) or lean (poor), does it have trees, or not? You shall strengthen yourselves, and you shall take some fruit of the land.” Those days were the days of the first ripening of the grapes.
Rashi
היש בה עץ. אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶם אָדָם כָּשֵׁר שֶׁיָּגֵן עֲלֵיהֶם בִּזְכוּתוֹ (עי' בבא בתרא ט"ו):
Does it have trees. Whether there is, among them, a righteous man to protect them with his merit.
בכורי ענבים. יָמִים שֶׁהָעֲנָבִים מִתְבַּשְּׁלִין בְּבִכּוּר:
The first ripening of the grapes. Days when the grapes were first ripening.
שלח לך אנשים. לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה פָרָשַׁת מְרַגְּלִים לְפָרָשַׁת מִרְיָם? לְפִי שֶׁלָּקְתָה עַל עִסְקֵי דִבָּה, שֶׁדִּבְּרָה בְאָחִיהָ, וּרְשָׁעִים הַלָּלוּ רָאוּ וְלֹא לָקְחוּ מוּסָר (תנחומא):
Send, for yourself. Why is the chapter of the spies adjacent to the chapter of Miriam? Because she was punished over the matter of her slanderous conversation about her brother, and those wicked men saw, but did not accept reproof.