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Bereshit 37

37:1

וַיֵּשֶׁב יַעֲקֹב בְּאֶרֶץ מְגוּרֵי אָבִיו בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃

Yaakov settled in the land of his father’s residence, in the land of Canaan.

Yaakov settled in the land of his father’s residence, in the land of Canaan.

Rashi

וישב יעקב וגו'. אַחַר שֶׁכָּתַב לְךָ יִשּׁוּבֵי עֵשָׂו וְתוֹלְדוֹתָיו בְּדֶרֶךְ קְצָרָה, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ סְפוּנִים וַחֲשׁוּבִים לְפָרֵשׁ הֵיאַךְ נִתְיַשְּׁבוּ וְסֵדֶר מִלְחֲמוֹתֵיהֶם אֵיךְ הוֹרִישׁוּ אֶת הַחֹרִי, פֵּרֵשׁ לָךְ יִשּׁוּבֵי יַעֲקֹב וְתוֹלְדוֹתָיו בְּדֶרֶךְ אֲרֻכָּה כָּל גִּלְגּוּלֵי סִבָּתָם, לְפִי שֶׁהֵם חֲשׁוּבִים לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם לְהַאֲרִיךְ בָּהֶם, וְכֵן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בְּי' דוֹרוֹת שֶׁמֵּאָדָם וְעַד נֹחַ פְּלוֹנִי הוֹלִיד פְּלוֹנִי, וּכְשֶׁבָּא לְנֹחַ הֶאֱרִיךְ בּוֹ, וְכֵן בְּי' דוֹרוֹת שֶׁמִּנֹּחַ וְעַד אַבְרָהָם קִצֵּר בָּהֶם, וּמִשֶּׁהִגִּיעַ אֵצֶל אַבְרָהָם הֶאֱרִיךְ בּוֹ. מָשָׁל לְמַרְגָּלִית שֶׁנָּפְלָה בֵּין הַחוֹל, אָדָם מְמַשְׁמֵּשׁ בַּחוֹל וְכוֹבְרוֹ בִּכְבָרָה עַד שֶׁמּוֹצֵא אֶת הַמַּרְגָּלִית, וּמִשֶּׁמְּצָאָהּ הוּא מַשְׁלִיךְ אֶת הַצְּרוֹרוֹת מִיָּדוֹ וְנוֹטֵל הַמַּרְגָּלִית. דָּ"אַ וישב יעקב, הַפִּשְׁתָּנִי הַזֶּה נִכְנְסוּ גְמַלָּיו טְעוּנִים פִּשְׁתָּן, הַפֶּחָמִי תָמַהּ אָנָה יִכָּנֵס כָּל הַפִּשְׁתָּן הַזֶּה? הָיָה פִּקֵּחַ אֶחָד מֵשִׁיב לוֹ נִצּוֹץ אֶחָד יוֹצֵא מִמַּפּוּחַ שֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת כֻּלּוֹ, כָּךְ יַעֲקֹב רָאָה אֶת כָּל הָאַלּוּפִים הַכְּתוּבִים לְמַעְלָה, תָּמַהּ וְאָמַר מִי יָכוֹל לִכְבֹּשׁ אֶת כֻּלָּן? מַה כְּתִיב לְמַטָּה, אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב יוֹסֵף, דִּכְתִיב וְהָיָה בֵית יַעֲקֹב אֵשׁ וּבֵית יוֹסֵף לֶהָבָה וּבֵית עֵשָׂו לְקַשׁ (עובדיה א') – נִצּוֹץ יוֹצֵא מִיּוֹסֵף שֶׁמְּכַלֶּה וְשׂוֹרֵף אֶת כֻּלָּם:

37:2

אֵלֶּה ׀ תֹּלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב יוֹסֵף בֶּן־שְׁבַֽע־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה הָיָה רֹעֶה אֶת־אֶחָיו בַּצֹּאן וְהוּא נַעַר אֶת־בְּנֵי בִלְהָה וְאֶת־בְּנֵי זִלְפָּה נְשֵׁי אָבִיו וַיָּבֵא יוֹסֵף אֶת־דִּבָּתָם רָעָה אֶל־אֲבִיהֶֽם׃

This is the history of Yaakov; Yoseif at the age of seventeen years, would tend the sheep with his brothers, and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and the sons of Zilpah, his father’s wives. Yoseif brought back bad reports about them to their father.

This is the history of Yaakov; Yoseif at the age of seventeen years, would tend the sheep with his brothers, and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and the sons of Zilpah, his father’s wives. Yoseif brought back bad reports about them to their father.

Rashi

אלה תולדות יעקב. וְאֵלֶּה שֶׁל תּוֹלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב, אֵלּוּ יִשּׁוּבֵיהֶם וְגִלְגּוּלֵיהֶם עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לִכְלַל יִשּׁוּב, סִבָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹסֵף בֶּן י"ז וְגוֹמֵר, עַל יְדֵי זֶה נִתְגַּלְגְּלוּ וְיָרְדוּ לְמִצְרַיִם, זֶהוּ אַחַר יִשּׁוּב פְּשׁוּטוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא לִהְיוֹת דָּבָר דָּבוּר עַל אָפְנָיו. וּמִ"אַ דּוֹרֵשׁ תָּלָה הַכָּתוּב תּוֹלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב בְּיוֹסֵף מִפְּנֵי כַמָּה דְבָרִים, אַחַת, שֶׁכָּל עַצְמוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב לֹא עָבַד אֵצֶל לָבָן אֶלָּא בְרָחֵל, וְשֶׁהָיָה זִיו אִיקוֹנִין שֶׁל יוֹסֵף דּוֹמֶה לוֹ, וְכָל מַה שֶּׁאֵרַע לְיַעֲקֹב אֵרַע לְיוֹסֵף: זֶה נִשְׂטַם וְזֶה נִשְׂטַם, זֶה אָחִיו מְבַקֵּשׁ לְהָרְגוֹ וְזֶה אֶחָיו מְבַקְּשִׁים לְהָרְגוֹ, וְכֵן הַרְבֵּה בִּבְ"רַ. וְעוֹד נִדְרָשׁ בּוֹ וישב, בִּקֵּשׁ יַעֲקֹב לֵישֵׁב בְּשַׁלְוָה, קָפַץ עָלָיו רָגְזוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף – צַדִּיקִים מְבַקְּשִׁים לֵישֵׁב בְּשַׁלְוָה, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה לֹא דַיָּן לַצַּדִּיקִים מַה שֶּׁמְּתֻקָּן לָהֶם לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּבַקְּשִׁים לֵישֵׁב בְּשַׁלְוָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה:

והוא נער. שֶׁהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה מַעֲשֵׂה נַעֲרוּת, מְתַקֵּן בִּשְׂעָרוֹ, מְמַשְׁמֵשׁ בְּעֵינָיו, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נִרְאֶה יָפֶה:

את בני בלהה. כְּלוֹמַר וְרָגִיל אֵצֶל בְּנֵי בִלְהָה, לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ אֶחָיו מְבַזִּין אוֹתָן וְהוּא מְקָרְבָן:

את דבתם רעה. כָּל רָעָה שֶׁהָיָה רוֹאֶה בְאֶחָיו בְנֵי לֵאָה הָיָה מַגִּיד לְאָבִיו, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלִין אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי, וּמְזַלְזְלִין בִּבְנֵי הַשְּׁפָחוֹת לִקְרוֹתָן עֲבָדִים, וַחֲשׁוּדִים עַל הָעֲרָיוֹת, וּבִשְׁלָשְׁתָּן לָקָה: וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ שְׂעִיר עִזִּים בִּמְכִירָתוֹ וְלֹא אֲכָלוּהוּ חַי, וְעַל דִּבָּה שֶׁסִּפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁקּוֹרִין לַאֲחֵיהֶם עֲבָדִים – "לְעֶבֶד נִמְכַּר יוֹסֵף", וְעַל עֲרָיוֹת שֶׁסִּפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם, וַתִּשָּׂא אֵשֶׁת אֲדֹנָיו וְגוֹ:

דבתם. כָּל לְשׁוֹן דִּבָּה פרלדי"ץ בְּלַעַז, כָּל מַה שֶּׁהָיָה יָכוֹל לְדַבֵּר בָּהֶם רָעָה, הָיָה מְסַפֵּר:

דבה. לְשׁוֹן דּוֹבֵב שִׂפְתֵי יְשֵׁנִים (שיר ז'):

37:3

וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אָהַב אֶת־יוֹסֵף מִכׇּל־בָּנָיו כִּֽי־בֶן־זְקֻנִים הוּא לוֹ וְעָשָׂה לוֹ כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּֽים׃

Yisrael loved Yoseif more than any of his sons, for he was a son of his old age to him, and he made him a long, colorful cloak.

Yisrael loved Yoseif more than any of his sons, for he was a son of his old age to him, and he made him a long, colorful cloak.

Rashi

בן זקנים. שֶׁנּוֹלַד לוֹ לְעֵת זִקְנָתוֹ. וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם בַּר חַכִּים הוּא לֵהּ – כָּל מַה שֶּׁלָּמַד מִשֵּׁם וָעֵבֶר מָסַר לוֹ. דָּ"אַ, שֶׁהָיָה זִיו אִיקוֹנִין שֶׁלוֹ דּוֹמֶה לוֹ:

פסים. לְשׁוֹן כְּלִי מֵילָת, כְּמוֹ כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת, וּכְמוֹ כְּתֹנֶת הַפַּסִּים דְּתָמָר וְאַמְנוֹן, וּמִ"אַ עַ"שֵׁ צָרוֹתָיו, שֶׁנִּמְכַּר לְפוֹטִיפַר וְלַסּוֹחֲרִים וְלַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים וְלַמִּדְיָנִים:

37:4

וַיִּרְאוּ אֶחָיו כִּֽי־אֹתוֹ אָהַב אֲבִיהֶם מִכׇּל־אֶחָיו וַֽיִּשְׂנְאוּ אֹתוֹ וְלֹא יָכְלוּ דַּבְּרוֹ לְשָׁלֹֽם׃

His brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him. They could not speak to him peaceably.

His brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him. They could not speak to him peaceably.

Rashi

ולא יכלו דברו לשלום. מִתּוֹךְ גְּנוּתָם לָמַדְנוּ שִׁבְחָם, שֶׁלֹּא דִבְּרוּ אַחַת בַּפֶּה וְאַחַת בַּלֵּב:

דברו. לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ:

37:5

וַיַּחֲלֹם יוֹסֵף חֲלוֹם וַיַּגֵּד לְאֶחָיו וַיּוֹסִפוּ עוֹד שְׂנֹא אֹתֽוֹ׃

Yoseif had a dream and he told his brothers, and they hated him even more.

Yoseif had a dream and he told his brothers, and they hated him even more.

37:6

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם שִׁמְעוּ־נָא הַחֲלוֹם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר חָלָֽמְתִּי׃

He said to them, Listen to this dream that I dreamt.

He said to them, Listen to this dream that I dreamt.

37:7

וְהִנֵּה אֲנַחְנוּ מְאַלְּמִים אֲלֻמִּים בְּתוֹךְ הַשָּׂדֶה וְהִנֵּה קָמָה אֲלֻמָּתִי וְגַם־נִצָּבָה וְהִנֵּה תְסֻבֶּינָה אֲלֻמֹּתֵיכֶם וַתִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶיןָ לַאֲלֻמָּתִֽי׃

Behold, we were binding sheaves in the middle of the field. Behold my sheaf rose and stood up straight; and behold your sheaves surrounded it and prostrated themselves to my sheaf.

Behold, we were binding sheaves in the middle of the field. Behold my sheaf rose and stood up straight; and behold your sheaves surrounded it and prostrated themselves to my sheaf.

Rashi

מאלמים אלמים. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ מְאַסְּרִין אֱסָרִין – עֳמְרִין, וְכֵן נֹשֵׂא אֲלֻמֹּתָיו (תהלים קכ"ו), וְכָמוֹהוּ בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה וְהָאֲלֻמּוֹת נוֹטֵל וּמַכְרִיז:

קמה אלמתי. נִזְקְפָה:

וגם נצבה. לַעֲמֹד עַל עָמְדָהּ בִּזְקִיפָה:

37:8

וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ אֶחָיו הֲמָלֹךְ תִּמְלֹךְ עָלֵינוּ אִם־מָשׁוֹל תִּמְשֹׁל בָּנוּ וַיּוֹסִפוּ עוֹד שְׂנֹא אֹתוֹ עַל־חֲלֹמֹתָיו וְעַל־דְּבָרָֽיו׃

His brothers said to him, Will you then be a king over us? Will you indeed rule over us? They hated him even more because of his dreams and his words.

His brothers said to him, Will you then be a king over us? Will you indeed rule over us? They hated him even more because of his dreams and his words.

Rashi

ועל דבריו. עַל דִּבָּתָם רָעָה שֶׁהָיָה מֵבִיא לַאֲבִיהֶם:

37:9

וַיַּחֲלֹם עוֹד חֲלוֹם אַחֵר וַיְסַפֵּר אֹתוֹ לְאֶחָיו וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה חָלַמְתִּֽי חֲלוֹם עוֹד וְהִנֵּה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְהַיָּרֵחַ וְאַחַד עָשָׂר כּֽוֹכָבִים מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים לִֽי׃

He had another dream and told it to his brothers. He said, Behold! I dreamed another dream. The sun, the moon, and eleven stars were prostrating themselves to me.

He had another dream and told it to his brothers. He said, Behold! I dreamed another dream. The sun, the moon, and eleven stars were prostrating themselves to me.

37:10

וַיְסַפֵּר אֶל־אָבִיו וְאֶל־אֶחָיו וַיִּגְעַר־בּוֹ אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ מָה הַחֲלוֹם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר חָלָמְתָּ הֲבוֹא נָבוֹא אֲנִי וְאִמְּךָ וְאַחֶיךָ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺת לְךָ אָֽרְצָה׃

He told it to his father and to his brothers. His father rebuked him, and said to him, What is this dream that you dreamed? Shall I, your mother and your brothers come and prostrate themselves on the ground to you?

He told it to his father and to his brothers. His father rebuked him, and said to him, What is this dream that you dreamed? Shall I, your mother and your brothers come and prostrate themselves on the ground to you?

Rashi

ויספר אל אביו ואל אחיו. לְאַחַר שֶׁסִּפֵּר אוֹתוֹ לְאֶחָיו חָזַר וְסִפְּרוֹ לְאָבִיו בִּפְנֵיהֶם:

ויגער בו. לְפִי שֶׁהָיָה מֵטִיל שִׂנְאָה עָלָיו:

הבוא נבוא. וַהֲלֹא אִמְּךָ כְבָר מֵתָה, וְהוּא לֹא הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַדְּבָרִים מַגִּיעִין לְבִלְהָה שֶׁגִּדְּלַתּוּ כְּאִמּוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ לָמְדוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין חֲלוֹם בְּלֹא דְּבָרִים בְּטֵלִים, וְיַעֲקֹב נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהוֹצִיא הַדָּבָר מִלֵּב בָּנָיו שֶׁלֹּא יַקְנִיאוּהוּ, לְכָךְ אָמַר לוֹ הֲבוֹא נָבוֹא וְגוֹ' – כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר בְּאִמְּךָ כָּךְ הַשְּׁאָר הוּא בָטֵל:

37:11

וַיְקַנְאוּ־בוֹ אֶחָיו וְאָבִיו שָׁמַר אֶת־הַדָּבָֽר׃

His brothers were jealous of him but his father kept the matter in mind.

His brothers were jealous of him but his father kept the matter in mind.

Rashi

שמר את הדבר. הָיָה מַמְתִּין וּמְצַפֶּה מָתַי יָבֹא, וְכֵן שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים (ישעיהו כ"ו), וְכֵן לֹא תִשְׁמֹר עַל חַטָּאתִי (איוב י"ד) – לֹא תַמְתִּין:

37:12

וַיֵּלְכוּ אֶחָיו לִרְעוֹת אֶׄתׄ־צֹאן אֲבִיהֶם בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃

His brothers went off to pasture their father’s sheep in Shechem.

His brothers went off to pasture their father’s sheep in Shechem.

Rashi

לרעות את צאן. נָקוּד עַל אֶת, שֶׁלֹּא הָלְכוּ אֶלָּא לִרְעוֹת אֶת עַצְמָן:

37:13

וַיֹּאמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יוֹסֵף הֲלוֹא אַחֶיךָ רֹעִים בִּשְׁכֶם לְכָה וְאֶשְׁלָחֲךָ אֲלֵיהֶם וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הִנֵּֽנִי׃

Yisrael said to Yoseif, Aren’t your brothers pasturing [the sheep] in Shechem? Come, I will send you to them. He [Yoseif] said to him, Here I am.

Yisrael said to Yoseif, Aren’t your brothers pasturing [the sheep] in Shechem? Come, I will send you to them. He [Yoseif] said to him, Here I am.

Rashi

הנני. לְשׁוֹן עֲנָוָה וּזְרִיזוּת, נִזְדָּרֵז לְמִצְוַת אָבִיו, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיָה יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֶחָיו שֶׁשּׂוֹנְאִין אוֹתוֹ:

37:14

וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ לֶךְ־נָא רְאֵה אֶת־שְׁלוֹם אַחֶיךָ וְאֶת־שְׁלוֹם הַצֹּאן וַהֲשִׁבֵנִי דָּבָר וַיִּשְׁלָחֵהוּ מֵעֵמֶק חֶבְרוֹן וַיָּבֹא שְׁכֶֽמָה׃

He [Yisrael] said to him, Go please, see after the well-being of your brothers, and the welfare of the sheep, and bring me a report. He sent [Yoseif] from the depths of Chevron, and he came to Shechem.

He [Yisrael] said to him, Go please, see after the well-being of your brothers, and the welfare of the sheep, and bring me a report. He sent [Yoseif] from the depths of Chevron, and he came to Shechem.

Rashi

מעמק חברון. וַהֲלֹא חֶבְרוֹן בָּהָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיַּעֲלוּ בַנֶּגֶב וַיָּבֹא עַד חֶבְרוֹן (במדבר י"ג), אֶלָּא מֵעֵצָה עֲמֻקָּה שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ צַדִּיק הַקָּבוּר בְּחֶבְרוֹן, לְקַיֵּם מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר לְאַבְרָהָם בֵּין הַבְּתָרִים כִּי גֵר יִהְיֶה זַרְעֲךָ (בראשית ט״ו:י״ג):

ויבא שכמה. מָקוֹם מוּכָן לְפֻרְעָנוּת, שָׁם קִלְקְלוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים, שָׁם עִנּוּ אֶת דִּינָה, שָׁם נֶחְלְקָה מַלְכוּת בֵּית דָּוִד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיֵּלֶךְ רְחַבְעָם שְׁכֶמָה (מלכים א י"ב):

37:15

וַיִּמְצָאֵהוּ אִישׁ וְהִנֵּה תֹעֶה בַּשָּׂדֶה וַיִּשְׁאָלֵהוּ הָאִישׁ לֵאמֹר מַה־תְּבַקֵּֽשׁ׃

A man found him going astray in the field. The man asked him, What are you seeking?

A man found him going astray in the field. The man asked him, What are you seeking?

Rashi

וימצאהו איש. זֶה גַּבְרִיאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְהָאִישׁ גַּבְרִיאֵל (דניאל ט כא):

37:16

וַיֹּאמֶר אֶת־אַחַי אָנֹכִי מְבַקֵּשׁ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּא לִי אֵיפֹה הֵם רֹעִֽים׃

He said, I am looking for my brothers, tell me please, where are they pasturing?

He said, I am looking for my brothers, tell me please, where are they pasturing?

37:17

וַיֹּאמֶר הָאִישׁ נָסְעוּ מִזֶּה כִּי שָׁמַעְתִּי אֹֽמְרִים נֵלְכָה דֹּתָיְנָה וַיֵּלֶךְ יוֹסֵף אַחַר אֶחָיו וַיִּמְצָאֵם בְּדֹתָֽן׃

The man said, They have traveled on from here, for I heard them say, Let us go to Doson. Yoseif went after his brothers and found them in Doson.

The man said, They have traveled on from here, for I heard them say, Let us go to Doson. Yoseif went after his brothers and found them in Doson.

Rashi

נסעו מזה. הִסִּיעוּ עַצְמָן מִן הָאַחְוָה:

נלכה דתינה. לְבַקֵּשׁ לְךָ נִכְלֵי דָתוֹת שֶׁיְּמִיתוּךָ בָהֶם. וּלְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ שֵׁם מָקוֹם הוּא, וְאֵין מִקְרָא יוֹצֵא מִידֵי פְשׁוּטוֹ:

37:18

וַיִּרְאוּ אֹתוֹ מֵרָחֹק וּבְטֶרֶם יִקְרַב אֲלֵיהֶם וַיִּֽתְנַכְּלוּ אֹתוֹ לַהֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

They saw him from a distance, and before he approached them they were plotting against him to kill him.

They saw him from a distance, and before he approached them they were plotting against him to kill him.

Rashi

ויתנכלו. נִתְמַלְּאוּ נְכָלִים וְעַרְמוּמִית:

אתו. כְּמוֹ אִתּוֹ, עִמּוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר, אֵלָיו:

37:19

וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִישׁ אֶל־אָחִיו הִנֵּה בַּעַל הַחֲלֹמוֹת הַלָּזֶה בָּֽא׃

One man said to another, Here comes the dreamer.

One man said to another, Here comes the dreamer.

37:20

וְעַתָּה ׀ לְכוּ וְנַֽהַרְגֵהוּ וְנַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בְּאַחַד הַבֹּרוֹת וְאָמַרְנוּ חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ וְנִרְאֶה מַה־יִּהְיוּ חֲלֹמֹתָֽיו׃

Now, come let us kill him and throw him into one of the pits; and we will say that a wild beast devoured him. Then we will see what will become of his dreams.

Now, come let us kill him and throw him into one of the pits; and we will say that a wild beast devoured him. Then we will see what will become of his dreams.

Rashi

ונראה מה יהיו חלמתיו. אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק מִקְרָא זֶה אוֹמֵר דָּרְשֵׁנִי, רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ אוֹמֶרֶת כֵּן, הֵם אוֹמְרִים נַהַרְגֵהוּ וְהַכָּתוּב מְסַיֵּם וְנִרְאֶה מַה יִּהְיוּ חֲלֹמֹתָיו – נִרְאֶה דְּבַר מִי יָקוּם אִם שֶׁלָּכֶם אוֹ שֶׁלִּי. וְאִ"אֶ שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ הֵם וְנִרְאֶה מַה יִּהְיוּ חֲלֹמֹתָיו, שֶׁמִּכֵּיוָן שֶׁיַּהַרְגוּהוּ בָּטְלוּ חֲלוֹמוֹתָיו:

37:21

וַיִּשְׁמַע רְאוּבֵן וַיַּצִּלֵהוּ מִיָּדָם וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא נַכֶּנּוּ נָֽפֶשׁ׃

Reuvein heard and rescued him from their hands. He said, Let us not kill him.

Reuvein heard and rescued him from their hands. He said, Let us not kill him.

Rashi

לא נכנו נפש. מַכַּת נֶפֶשׁ, זוֹ הִיא מִיתָה:

37:22

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם ׀ רְאוּבֵן אַל־תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־דָם הַשְׁלִיכוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־הַבּוֹר הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּדְבָּר וְיָד אַל־תִּשְׁלְחוּ־בוֹ לְמַעַן הַצִּיל אֹתוֹ מִיָּדָם לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ אֶל־אָבִֽיו׃

Reuvein said to them, Do not commit bloodshed. Throw him into this pit which is in the wilderness, and do not lay a hand on him. His purpose was to rescue him from their hands, to bring him back to his father.

Reuvein said to them, Do not commit bloodshed. Throw him into this pit which is in the wilderness, and do not lay a hand on him. His purpose was to rescue him from their hands, to bring him back to his father.

Rashi

למען הציל אתו. רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְעִידָה עַל רְאוּבֵן שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר זֹאת אֶלָּא לְהַצִּיל אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיָּבֹא הוּא וְיַעֲלֶנּוּ מִשָּׁם, אָמַר אֲנִי בְכוֹר וְגָדוֹל שֶׁבְּכֻלָּן, לֹא יִתָּלֶה הַסֵּרָחוֹן אֶלָּא בִי:

37:23

וַיְהִי כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּא יוֹסֵף אֶל־אֶחָיו וַיַּפְשִׁיטוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף אֶת־כֻּתׇּנְתּוֹ אֶת־כְּתֹנֶת הַפַּסִּים אֲשֶׁר עָלָֽיו׃

When Yoseif came to his brothers, they stripped him of his coat, the long, colorful coat that he had on.

When Yoseif came to his brothers, they stripped him of his coat, the long, colorful coat that he had on.

Rashi

את כתנתו. זֶה חָלוּק:

את כתנת הפסים. הוּא שֶׁהוֹסִיף לוֹ אָבִיו יוֹתֵר עַל אֶחָיו:

37:24

וַיִּקָּחֻהוּ וַיַּשְׁלִכוּ אֹתוֹ הַבֹּרָה וְהַבּוֹר רֵק אֵין בּוֹ מָֽיִם׃

They took him and threw him into the pit. The pit was empty; there was no water in it.

They took him and threw him into the pit. The pit was empty; there was no water in it.

Rashi

והבור רק אין בו מים. מִמַּשְׁמַע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְהַבּוֹר רֵק, אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מַיִם, מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר אֵין בּוֹ מָיִם? מַיִם אֵין בּוֹ, אֲבָל נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים יֵשׁ בּוֹ (בראשית רבה, שבת כ"ב):

37:25

וַיֵּשְׁבוּ לֶֽאֱכׇל־לֶחֶם וַיִּשְׂאוּ עֵֽינֵיהֶם וַיִּרְאוּ וְהִנֵּה אֹרְחַת יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים בָּאָה מִגִּלְעָד וּגְמַלֵּיהֶם נֹֽשְׂאִים נְכֹאת וּצְרִי וָלֹט הוֹלְכִים לְהוֹרִיד מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃

They sat down to eat bread. They raised their eyes and saw—behold a Yishmaelite caravan was coming from Gilod. Their camels were carrying spices, balsam and lotus, bringing them down to Egypt.

They sat down to eat bread. They raised their eyes and saw—behold a Yishmaelite caravan was coming from Gilod. Their camels were carrying spices, balsam and lotus, bringing them down to Egypt.

Rashi

ארחת. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ שְׁיָרַת, עַל שֵׁם הוֹלְכֵי אֹרַח:

וגמליהם נשאים וגו'. לָמָּה פִרְסֵם הַכָּתוּב אֶת מַשָּׂאָם? לְהוֹדִיעַ מַתַּן שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים, שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּן שֶׁל עַרְבִיִּים לָשֵׂאת אֶלָּא נֵפְטְ וְעִטְרָן, שֶׁרֵיחָן רַע, וְלָזֶה נִזְדַּמְּנוּ בְשָׂמִים, שֶׁלֹּא יִזּוֹק מֵרֵיחַ רַע:

נכאת. כָּל כִּנּוּסֵי בְשָׂמִים הַרְבֵּה קָרוּי נְכֹאת, וְכֵן וַיַּרְאֵם אֶת כָּל בֵּית נְכֹתֹה (מלכים ב כ') – מִרְקַחַת בְּשָׂמָיו. וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם לְשׁוֹן שַׁעֲוָה:

צרי. שָׂרָף הַנּוֹטֵף מֵעֲצֵי הַקְּטָף, וְהוּא נָטָף הַנִּמְנֶה עִם סַמָּנֵי הַקְּטֹרֶת:

ולט. לוֹטִיתָא שְׁמוֹ בִלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּהוּ שֹׁרֶשׁ עֵשֶׂב, וּשְׁמוֹ אשטרולוזיאה בְּמַסֶּכֶת נִדָּה:

37:26

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה אֶל־אֶחָיו מַה־בֶּצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג אֶת־אָחִינוּ וְכִסִּינוּ אֶת־דָּמֽוֹ׃

Yehudah said to his brothers, What will we gain if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?

Yehudah said to his brothers, What will we gain if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?

Rashi

מה בצע. מַה מָּמוֹן, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ:

וכסינו את דמו. וְנַעֲלִים אֶת מִיתָתוֹ:

37:27

לְכוּ וְנִמְכְּרֶנּוּ לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים וְיָדֵנוּ אַל־תְּהִי־בוֹ כִּֽי־אָחִינוּ בְשָׂרֵנוּ הוּא וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶחָֽיו׃

Come let us sell him to the Yishmaelites, and let our hands not be upon him; for he is our brother, our own flesh. His brothers listened [to him.].

Come let us sell him to the Yishmaelites, and let our hands not be upon him; for he is our brother, our own flesh. His brothers listened [to him.].

Rashi

וישמעו. וְקַבִּילוּ מִנֵּהּ, וְכָל שְׁמִיעָה שֶׁהִיא קַבָּלַת דְּבָרִים כְּגוֹן זֶה, וּכְגוֹן וַיִּשְׁמַע יַעֲקֹב אֶל אָבִיו, נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע – מְתֻרְגָּם נְקַבֵּל; וְכָל שֶׁהִיא שְׁמִיעַת הָאֹזֶן, כְּגוֹן וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶת קוֹל ה' אֱלֹהִים מִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּגָּן, וְרִבְקָה שֹׁמַעַת, וַיִּשְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל, שָׁמַעְתִּי אֶת תְּלוּנֹּת – כֻּלָּן מְתֻרְגָּם וּשְׁמָעוּ, וּשְׁמָעַת, וּשְׁמַע, שְׁמִיעַ קֳדָמַי:

37:28

וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ אֲנָשִׁים מִדְיָנִים סֹֽחֲרִים וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ וַיַּֽעֲלוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף מִן־הַבּוֹר וַיִּמְכְּרוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים בְּעֶשְׂרִים כָּסֶף וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃

Midianite merchants passed by. They [the brothers] pulled Yoseif up from the pit and sold Yoseif to the Yishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. They brought Yoseif to Egypt.

Midianite merchants passed by. They [the brothers] pulled Yoseif up from the pit and sold Yoseif to the Yishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. They brought Yoseif to Egypt.

Rashi

ויעברו אנשים מדינים. זוֹ הִיא שַׁיָּרָה אַחֶרֶת, וְהוֹדִיעֲךָ הַכָּתוּב שֶׁנִּמְכַּר פְּעָמִים הַרְבֵּה:

וימשכו. בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב אֶת יוֹסֵף מִן הַבּוֹר וַיִּמְכְּרוּהוּ לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים, וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִים לַמִּדְיָנִים, וְהַמִּדְיָנִים לַמִּצְרִים:

37:29

וַיָּשׇׁב רְאוּבֵן אֶל־הַבּוֹר וְהִנֵּה אֵין־יוֹסֵף בַּבּוֹר וַיִּקְרַע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃

Reuvein returned to the pit, but behold, Yoseif was not in the pit. He [then] tore his clothes [in grief.]

Reuvein returned to the pit, but behold, Yoseif was not in the pit. He [then] tore his clothes [in grief.]

Rashi

וישב ראובן. בִּמְכִירָתוֹ לֹא הָיָה שָׁם, שֶׁהִגִּיעַ יוֹמוֹ לֵילֵךְ וּלְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶת אָבִיו. דָּ"אַ עָסוּק הָיָה בְשַׂקּוֹ וּבְתַעֲנִיתוֹ עַל שֶׁבִּלְבֵּל יְצוּעֵי אָבִיו:

37:30

וַיָּשׇׁב אֶל־אֶחָיו וַיֹּאמַר הַיֶּלֶד אֵינֶנּוּ וַאֲנִי אָנָה אֲנִי־בָֽא׃

He returned to his brothers and said, The boy is not there; and I—where can I go.

He returned to his brothers and said, The boy is not there; and I—where can I go.

Rashi

אנה אני בא. אָנָה אֶבְרַח מִצַּעְרוֹ שֶׁל אַבָּא?

37:31

וַיִּקְחוּ אֶת־כְּתֹנֶת יוֹסֵף וַֽיִּשְׁחֲטוּ שְׂעִיר עִזִּים וַיִּטְבְּלוּ אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּנֶת בַּדָּֽם׃

They took Yoseif’s coat, slaughtered a goat, and dipped the coat in the blood.

They took Yoseif’s coat, slaughtered a goat, and dipped the coat in the blood.

Rashi

שעיר עזים. דָּמוֹ דּוֹמֶה לְשֶׁל אָדָם:

הכתנת. זֶה שְׁמָהּ, וּכְשֶׁהִיא דְבוּקָה לְתֵבָה אַחֶרֶת, כְּגוֹן כְּתֹנֶת יוֹסֵף, כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים, כְּתֹנֶת בַּד, נָקוּד כְּתֹנֶת:

37:32

וַֽיְשַׁלְּחוּ אֶת־כְּתֹנֶת הַפַּסִּים וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶל־אֲבִיהֶם וַיֹּאמְרוּ זֹאת מָצָאנוּ הַכֶּר־נָא הַכְּתֹנֶת בִּנְךָ הִוא אִם־לֹֽא׃

They sent the long, colorful coat and brought it to their father, and said, We found this. Please identify it. Is it your son’s coat or not?

They sent the long, colorful coat and brought it to their father, and said, We found this. Please identify it. Is it your son’s coat or not?

37:33

וַיַּכִּירָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר כְּתֹנֶת בְּנִי חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵֽף׃

He recognized it and said, It is my son’s coat. An evil beast has devoured him. Yoseif has been torn to pieces.

He recognized it and said, It is my son’s coat. An evil beast has devoured him. Yoseif has been torn to pieces.

Rashi

ויאמר כתנת בני. הִיא זוֹ:

חיה רעה אכלתהו. נִצְנְצָה בוֹ רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, סוֹפוֹ שֶׁתִּתְגָּרֶה בוֹ אֵשֶׁת פּוֹטִיפַר. וְלָמָּה לֹא גִלָּה לוֹ הַקָּבָּ"ה? לְפִי שֶׁהֶחֱרִימוּ וְקִלְּלוּ אֶת כָּל מִי שֶׁיְּגַלֶּה, וְשִׁתְּפוּ לְהַקָּבָּ"ה עִמָּהֶם (תנחומא), אֲבָל יִצְחָק הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא חַי, אָמַר הֵיאַךְ אֲגַלֶּה וְהַקָּבָּ"ה אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לְגַלּוֹת לוֹ:

37:34

וַיִּקְרַע יַעֲקֹב שִׂמְלֹתָיו וַיָּשֶׂם שַׂק בְּמׇתְנָיו וַיִּתְאַבֵּל עַל־בְּנוֹ יָמִים רַבִּֽים׃

Yaakov tore his robes, and placed sackcloth on his loins. He mourned for his son for many days.

Yaakov tore his robes, and placed sackcloth on his loins. He mourned for his son for many days.

Rashi

ימים רבים. כ"ב שָׁנָה, מִשֶּׁפֵּרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד שֶׁיָּרַד יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר יוֹסֵף בֶּן שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וְגוֹ', וּבֶן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה הָיָה בְּעָמְדוֹ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה, וְשֶׁבַע שְׁנֵי הַשָּׂבָע, וּשְׁנָתַיִם הָרָעָב כְּשֶׁבָּא יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם, הֲרֵי כ"ב שָׁנָה, כְּנֶגֶד כ"ב שָׁנָה שֶׁלֹּא קִיֵּם יַעֲקֹב כִּבּוּד אָב וָאֵם (מגילה ט"ז) – כ' שָׁנָה שֶׁהָיָה בְּבֵית לָבָן, וּב' שָׁנָה בַדֶּרֶךְ בְּשׁוּבוֹ מִבֵּית לָבָן, שָׁנָה וָחֵצִי בְסֻכּוֹת וְשִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים בְּבֵית אֵל – וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר לְלָבָן זֶה לִּי עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה בְּבֵיתֶךָ, לִי הֵן, עָלַי, וְסוֹפִי לִלְקוֹת כְּנֶגְדָּן:

37:35

וַיָּקֻמוּ כׇל־בָּנָיו וְכׇל־בְּנֹתָיו לְנַחֲמוֹ וַיְמָאֵן לְהִתְנַחֵם וַיֹּאמֶר כִּֽי־אֵרֵד אֶל־בְּנִי אָבֵל שְׁאֹלָה וַיֵּבְךְּ אֹתוֹ אָבִֽיו׃

All his sons and all his daughters rose to console him, but he refused to be consoled. He said, I will go down to the grave mourning for my son. His father wept for him.

All his sons and all his daughters rose to console him, but he refused to be consoled. He said, I will go down to the grave mourning for my son. His father wept for him.

Rashi

וכל בנתיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר אֲחָיוֹת תְּאוֹמוֹת נוֹלְדוּ עִם כָּל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט וּנְשָׂאוּם, רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר כְּנַעֲנִיּוֹת הָיוּ, אֶלָּא מַהוּ וְכָל בְּנֹתָיו? – כַּלּוֹתָיו, שֶׁאֵין אָדָם נִמְנָע מִלִּקְרֹא לַחֲתָנוֹ בְּנוֹ וּלְכַלָּתוֹ בִתּוֹ:

וימאן להתנחם. אֵין אָדָם מְקַבֵּל תַּנְחוּמִין עַל הַחַי וְסָבוּר שֶׁמֵּת, שֶׁעַל הַמֵּת נִגְזְרָה גְזֵרָה שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּכַּח מִן הַלֵּב וְלֹא עַל הַחַי (בראשית רבה):

ארד אל בני. כְּמוֹ עַל בְּנִי, וְהַרְבֵּה אֶל מְשַׁמְּשִׁין בִּלְשׁוֹן עַל, אֶל שָׁאוּל וְאֶל בֵּית הַדָּמִים (שמואל ב כ"א), אֶל הִלָּקַח אֲרוֹן הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֶל מוֹת חָמִיהָ וְאִישָׁהּ (שמואל א ד'):

אבל שאלה. כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ לְשׁוֹן קֶבֶר הוּא – בְּאֶבְלִי אֶקָּבֵר, וְלֹא אֶתְנַחֵם כָּל יָמַי. וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ, גֵּיהִנֹּם; סִימָן זֶה הָיָה מָסוּר בְּיָדִי מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה, אִם לֹא יָמוּת אֶחָד מִבָּנַי בְּחַיַּי, מֻבְטָח אֲנִי שֶׁאֵינִי רוֹאֶה גֵיהִנֹּם:

ויבך אתו אביו. יִצְחָק, בּוֹכֶה הָיָה מִפְּנֵי צָרָתוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב אֲבָל לֹא הָיָה מִתְאַבֵּל, שֶׁהָיָה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא חַי:

37:36

וְהַמְּדָנִים מָכְרוּ אֹתוֹ אֶל־מִצְרָיִם לְפֽוֹטִיפַר סְרִיס פַּרְעֹה שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִֽים׃ {פ}

The Midianites sold him in Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, the chief of the slaughterers.

The Midianites sold him in Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, the chief of the slaughterers.

Rashi

הטבחים. שׁוֹחֲטֵי בְּהֵמוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ:

Bereshit 38

38:1

וַֽיְהִי בָּעֵת הַהִוא וַיֵּרֶד יְהוּדָה מֵאֵת אֶחָיו וַיֵּט עַד־אִישׁ עֲדֻלָּמִי וּשְׁמוֹ חִירָֽה׃

And it was at that time, that Yehudah descended from his brothers. He turned away [from them], until [he came to] a man, an Adullamite, whose name was Chirah.

And it was at that time, that Yehudah descended from his brothers. He turned away [from them], until [he came to] a man, an Adullamite, whose name was Chirah.

Rashi

ויהי בעת ההוא. לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה פָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְכָאן, וְהִפְסִיק בְּפָרָשָׁתוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף? לְלַמֵּד שֶׁהוֹרִידוּהוּ אֶחָיו מִגְּדֻלָּתוֹ כְּשֶׁרָאוּ בְצָרַת אֲבִיהֶם, אָמְרוּ: אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ לְמָכְרוֹ, אִלּוּ אָמַרְתָּ לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ הָיִינוּ שׁוֹמְעִים לְךָ:

ויט. מֵאֵת אֶחָיו:

עד איש עדלמי. נִשְׁתַּתֵּף עִמּוֹ:

38:2

וַיַּרְא־שָׁם יְהוּדָה בַּת־אִישׁ כְּנַעֲנִי וּשְׁמוֹ שׁוּעַ וַיִּקָּחֶהָ וַיָּבֹא אֵלֶֽיהָ׃

There Yehudah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man whose name was Shu’a. He took her and consummated a marriage with her.

There Yehudah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man whose name was Shu’a. He took her and consummated a marriage with her.

Rashi

כנעני. תַּגְרָא (בראשית רבה):

38:3

וַתַּהַר וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ עֵֽר׃

She conceived and gave birth to a son. He named him Er.

She conceived and gave birth to a son. He named him Er.

38:4

וַתַּהַר עוֹד וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן וַתִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אוֹנָֽן׃

She conceived again and gave birth to a son. She named him Onan.

She conceived again and gave birth to a son. She named him Onan.

38:5

וַתֹּסֶף עוֹד וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן וַתִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שֵׁלָה וְהָיָה בִכְזִיב בְּלִדְתָּהּ אֹתֽוֹ׃

She conceived once again and gave birth to a son. She named him Sheilah. He [Yehudah] was in Keziv when she gave birth to him.

She conceived once again and gave birth to a son. She named him Sheilah. He [Yehudah] was in Keziv when she gave birth to him.

Rashi

והיה בכזיב. שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם. וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי עַל שֵׁם שֶׁפָּסְקָה מִלֶּדֶת נִקְרָא כְזִיב, לְשׁוֹן הָיוֹ תִהְיֶה לִי כְּמוֹ אַכְזָב (ירמיהו ט"ו), אֲשֶׁר לֹא יְכַזְּבוּ מֵימָיו (ישעיהו נ"ח), וְאִם לֹא כֵן מַה בָּא לְהוֹדִיעֵנוּ? וּבִבְ"רַ רָאִיתִי, וַתִּקְרָא שְׁמוֹ שֵׁלָה וגוֹמֵר פְּסַקַת:

38:6

וַיִּקַּח יְהוּדָה אִשָּׁה לְעֵר בְּכוֹרוֹ וּשְׁמָהּ תָּמָֽר׃

Yehudah took a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

Yehudah took a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

38:7

וַיְהִי עֵר בְּכוֹר יְהוּדָה רַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה וַיְמִתֵהוּ יְהֹוָֽה׃

Er, Yehudah’s firstborn was wicked in the eyes of Adonoy, and Adonoy put him to death.

Er, Yehudah’s firstborn was wicked in the eyes of Adonoy, and Adonoy put him to death.

Rashi

רע בעיני ה'. כְּרָעָתוֹ שֶׁל אוֹנָן, מַשְׁחִית זַרְעוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּאוֹנָן וַיָּמֶת גַּם אֹתוֹ, כְּמִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל עֵר מִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל אוֹנָן. וְלָמָּה הָיָה עֵר מַשְׁחִית זַרְעוֹ? כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְעַבֵּר וְיַכְחִישׁ יָפְיָהּ:

38:8

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה לְאוֹנָן בֹּא אֶל־אֵשֶׁת אָחִיךָ וְיַבֵּם אֹתָהּ וְהָקֵם זֶרַע לְאָחִֽיךָ׃

Yehudah said to Onan, Consummate marriage with your brother’s wife, and fulfill the yibum rite with her, and establish seed for your brother.

Yehudah said to Onan, Consummate marriage with your brother’s wife, and fulfill the yibum rite with her, and establish seed for your brother.

Rashi

והקם זרע. הַבֵּן יִקָּרֵא עַל שֵׁם הַמֵּת:

38:9

וַיֵּדַע אוֹנָן כִּי לֹּא לוֹ יִהְיֶה הַזָּרַע וְהָיָה אִם־בָּא אֶל־אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו וְשִׁחֵת אַרְצָה לְבִלְתִּי נְתׇן־זֶרַע לְאָחִֽיו׃

Onan knew that the descendants would not be his. Whenever he cohabited with his brother’s wife, he let it go to waste on the ground, in order not to give progeny to his brother.

Onan knew that the descendants would not be his. Whenever he cohabited with his brother’s wife, he let it go to waste on the ground, in order not to give progeny to his brother.

Rashi

ושחת ארצה. דָּשׁ מִבִּפְנִים וְזוֹרֶה מִבַּחוּץ (בראשית רבה):

38:10

וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיָּמֶת גַּם־אֹתֽוֹ׃

What he did was evil in the eyes of Adonoy, and He also put him to death.

What he did was evil in the eyes of Adonoy, and He also put him to death.

38:11

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה לְתָמָר כַּלָּתוֹ שְׁבִי אַלְמָנָה בֵית־אָבִיךְ עַד־יִגְדַּל שֵׁלָה בְנִי כִּי אָמַר פֶּן־יָמוּת גַּם־הוּא כְּאֶחָיו וַתֵּלֶךְ תָּמָר וַתֵּשֶׁב בֵּית אָבִֽיהָ׃

Yehudah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son Sheilah is of age. He said, Lest he also die like his brothers. Tamar went and lived in her father’s house.

Yehudah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son Sheilah is of age. He said, Lest he also die like his brothers. Tamar went and lived in her father’s house.

Rashi

כי אמר וגו'. כְּלוֹמַר, דּוֹחֶה הָיָה אוֹתָהּ בְּקַשׁ, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְדַעְתּוֹ לְהַשִּׂיאָהּ לוֹ:

כי אמר פן ימות. מֻחְזֶקֶת הִיא זוֹ שֶׁיָּמוּתוּ אֲנָשֶׁיהָ (כתובות מ"ג):

38:12

וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וַתָּמׇת בַּת־שׁוּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָה וַיִּנָּחֶם יְהוּדָה וַיַּעַל עַל־גֹּֽזְזֵי צֹאנוֹ הוּא וְחִירָה רֵעֵהוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִי תִּמְנָֽתָה׃

Many days passed, and Shu’a’s daughter, the wife of Yehudah died. Yehudah sought consolation, and went up to his sheep-shearers—he and his friend, Chirah the Adullamite—to Timnah.

Many days passed, and Shu’a’s daughter, the wife of Yehudah died. Yehudah sought consolation, and went up to his sheep-shearers—he and his friend, Chirah the Adullamite—to Timnah.

Rashi

ויעל על גוזזי צאנו. וַיַּעַל תִּמְנָתָה לַעֲמֹד עַל גּוֹזְזֵי צֹאנוֹ:

38:13

וַיֻּגַּד לְתָמָר לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה חָמִיךְ עֹלֶה תִמְנָתָה לָגֹז צֹאנֽוֹ׃

Tamar was told, Behold your father-in-law has come to Timnah, to shear his sheep.

Tamar was told, Behold your father-in-law has come to Timnah, to shear his sheep.

Rashi

עלה תמנתה. וּבְשִׁמְשׁוֹן הוּא אוֹמֵר וַיֵּרֶד שִׁמְשׁוֹן תִּמְנָתָה (שופטים י"ד)? בְּשִׁפּוּעַ הָהָר הָיְתָה יוֹשֶׁבֶת, עוֹלִין לָהּ מִכָּאן וְיוֹרְדִין לָהּ מִכָּאן:

38:14

וַתָּסַר בִּגְדֵי אַלְמְנוּתָהּ מֵֽעָלֶיהָ וַתְּכַס בַּצָּעִיף וַתִּתְעַלָּף וַתֵּשֶׁב בְּפֶתַח עֵינַיִם אֲשֶׁר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ תִּמְנָתָה כִּי רָאֲתָה כִּֽי־גָדַל שֵׁלָה וְהִוא לֹֽא־נִתְּנָה לוֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

She took off her widow’s garb, covered herself with a veil, and disguised herself. She sat at the crossroads which is on the road to Timnah, for she saw that Sheilah had come of age and she had not been given to him for a wife.

She took off her widow’s garb, covered herself with a veil, and disguised herself. She sat at the crossroads which is on the road to Timnah, for she saw that Sheilah had come of age and she had not been given to him for a wife.

Rashi

ותתעלף. כִּסְּתָה פָנֶיהָ, שֶׁלֹּא יַכִּיר בָּהּ:

ותשב בפתח עינים. בִּפְתִיחַת עֵינַיִם, בְּפָרָשַׁת דְּרָכִים שֶׁעַל דֶּרֶךְ תִּמְנָתָה. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ בְּפִתְחוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ, שֶׁכָּל עֵינַיִם מְצַפּוֹת לִרְאוֹתוֹ (סוטה י'):

כי ראתה כי גדל שלה וגו'. לְפִיכָךְ הִפְקִירָה עַצְמָהּ אֵצֶל יְהוּדָה, שֶׁהָיְתָה מִתְאַוָּה לְהַעֲמִיד מִמֶּנּוּ בָנִים:

38:15

וַיִּרְאֶהָ יְהוּדָה וַֽיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ לְזוֹנָה כִּי כִסְּתָה פָּנֶֽיהָ׃

Yehudah saw her and thought she was a harlot, because she had covered her face.

Yehudah saw her and thought she was a harlot, because she had covered her face.

Rashi

ויחשבה לזונה. לְפִי שֶׁיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּפָרָשַׁת דְּרָכִים:

כי כסתה פניה. וְלֹא יָכוֹל לִרְאוֹתָהּ וּלְהַכִּירָהּ. וּמִדְרַשׁ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ כי כסתה פניה, כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה בְּבֵית חָמִיהָ הָיְתָה צְנוּעָה, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא חֲשָׁדָהּ:

38:16

וַיֵּט אֵלֶיהָ אֶל־הַדֶּרֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר הָֽבָה־נָּא אָבוֹא אֵלַיִךְ כִּי לֹא יָדַע כִּי כַלָּתוֹ הִוא וַתֹּאמֶר מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִי כִּי תָבוֹא אֵלָֽי׃

He turned aside to her on the road, and said, Please, let me be with you, for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. She said, What will you give me for the privilege of being with me?

He turned aside to her on the road, and said, Please, let me be with you, for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. She said, What will you give me for the privilege of being with me?

Rashi

ויט אליה אל הדרך. מִדֶּרֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה בָהּ, נָטָה אֶל הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הִיא בָּהּ, וּבִלְשׁוֹן לַעַז דשטורנ"יר:

הבה נא. הָכִינִי עַצְמֵךְ וְדַעְתֵּךְ לְכָךְ. כָּל לְשׁוֹן הָבָה לְשׁוֹן הַזְמָנָה הוּא, חוּץ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְתַרְגְּמוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן נְתִינָה, וְאַף אוֹתָן שֶׁל הַזְמָנָה קְרוֹבִים לִלְשׁוֹן נְתִינָה הֵם:

38:17

וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֲשַׁלַּח גְּדִֽי־עִזִּים מִן־הַצֹּאן וַתֹּאמֶר אִם־תִּתֵּן עֵרָבוֹן עַד שׇׁלְחֶֽךָ׃

He said, I will send you a kid from the flock. She said, [Only] if you give me some security until you send it.

He said, I will send you a kid from the flock. She said, [Only] if you give me some security until you send it.

Rashi

ערבון. מַשְׁכּוֹן:

38:18

וַיֹּאמֶר מָה הָעֵֽרָבוֹן אֲשֶׁר אֶתֶּן־לָךְ וַתֹּאמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ וּפְתִילֶךָ וּמַטְּךָ אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֶךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָהּ וַיָּבֹא אֵלֶיהָ וַתַּהַר לֽוֹ׃

He said, What security shall I give you? She said, Your signet ring, your wrap, and your staff that is in your hand. He gave them to her and was with her, and she became pregnant by him.

He said, What security shall I give you? She said, Your signet ring, your wrap, and your staff that is in your hand. He gave them to her and was with her, and she became pregnant by him.

Rashi

חתמך ופתילך. עִזְקְתָךְ וְשׁוֹשִׁיפָּךְ – טַבַּעַת שֶׁאַתָה חוֹתֵם בָּהּ וְשִׂמְלָתְךָ שֶׁאַתָּה מִתְכַּסֶּה בָהּ:

ותהר לו. גִּבּוֹרִים כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, צַדִּיקִים כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ.

38:19

וַתָּקׇם וַתֵּלֶךְ וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ וַתִּלְבַּשׁ בִּגְדֵי אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ׃

She got up and went away. She took off her veil, and put on her widow’s garb.

She got up and went away. She took off her veil, and put on her widow’s garb.

38:20

וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוּדָה אֶת־גְּדִי הָֽעִזִּים בְּיַד רֵעֵהוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִי לָקַחַת הָעֵרָבוֹן מִיַּד הָאִשָּׁה וְלֹא מְצָאָֽהּ׃

Yehudah sent the goat-kid with his friend the Adullamite, to retrieve the security from the woman, but he could not find her.

Yehudah sent the goat-kid with his friend the Adullamite, to retrieve the security from the woman, but he could not find her.

38:21

וַיִּשְׁאַל אֶת־אַנְשֵׁי מְקֹמָהּ לֵאמֹר אַיֵּה הַקְּדֵשָׁה הִוא בָעֵינַיִם עַל־הַדָּרֶךְ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לֹא־הָיְתָה בָזֶה קְדֵשָֽׁה׃

He asked the men of her place, Where is the harlot that was at the junction, on the road? They said, There was no harlot here.

He asked the men of her place, Where is the harlot that was at the junction, on the road? They said, There was no harlot here.

Rashi

הקדשה. מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת וּמְזֻמֶּנֶת לִזְנוּת:

38:22

וַיָּשׇׁב אֶל־יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא מְצָאתִיהָ וְגַם אַנְשֵׁי הַמָּקוֹם אָֽמְרוּ לֹא־הָיְתָה בָזֶה קְדֵשָֽׁה׃

He returned to Yehudah and said, I did not find her, and the men of her place also said that there was no harlot there.

He returned to Yehudah and said, I did not find her, and the men of her place also said that there was no harlot there.

38:23

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה תִּֽקַּֽח־לָהּ פֶּן נִהְיֶה לָבוּז הִנֵּה שָׁלַחְתִּי הַגְּדִי הַזֶּה וְאַתָּה לֹא מְצָאתָֽהּ׃

Yehudah said, Let her take it, lest we are humiliated. Behold I sent her this kid, and you could not find her.

Yehudah said, Let her take it, lest we are humiliated. Behold I sent her this kid, and you could not find her.

Rashi

תקח לה. יִהְיֶה שֶׁלָּהּ מַה שְּׁבְּיָדָהּ:

פן נהיה לבוז. אִם תְּבַקְּשֶׁנָּה עוֹד יִתְפַּרְסֵם הַדָּבָר וְיִהְיֶה גְּנַאי, כִּי מֶה עָלַי לַעֲשׂוֹת עוֹד לְאַמֵּת דְּבָרַי:

הנה שלחתי הגדי הזה. לְפִי שֶׁרִמָּה יְהוּדָה אֶת אָבִיו בִּגְדִי עִזִּים שֶׁהִטְבִּיל כְּתֹנֶת יוֹסֵף בְּדָמוֹ, רִמּוּהוּ גַּם הוּא בִּגְדִי עִזִּים (בראשית רבה):

38:24

וַיְהִי ׀ כְּמִשְׁלֹשׁ חֳדָשִׁים וַיֻּגַּד לִֽיהוּדָה לֵאמֹר זָֽנְתָה תָּמָר כַּלָּתֶךָ וְגַם הִנֵּה הָרָה לִזְנוּנִים וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה הוֹצִיאוּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃

About three months later, Yehudah was told, Tamar, your daughter-in-law, has been promiscuous, moreover, her promiscuity has resulted in pregnancy. Yehudah said, Take her out and let her be burned.

About three months later, Yehudah was told, Tamar, your daughter-in-law, has been promiscuous, moreover, her promiscuity has resulted in pregnancy. Yehudah said, Take her out and let her be burned.

Rashi

כמשלש חדשים. רֻבּוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן וְרֻבּוֹ שֶׁל אַחֲרוֹן וְאֶמְצָעִי שָׁלֵם (נדה מ"נ). וּלְשׁוֹן כְּמִשְׁלֹשׁ חֳדָשִׁים כְּהִשְׁתַּלֵּשׁ הַחֳדָשִׁים, כְּמוֹ וּמִשְׁלֹחַ מָנוֹת (אסתר ט'), מִשְׁלוֹחַ יָדָם (ישעיהו י"א), וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם אֻנְקְלוֹס כִּתְלָתוּת יַרְחַיָּא:

הרה לזנונים. שֵׁם דָּבָר, מְעֻבֶּרֶת כְּמוֹ אִשָּׁה הָרָה, וּכְמוֹ בָּרָה כַּחַמָּה:

ותשרף. אָמַר אֶפְרַיִם מִקְשָׁאָה מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי מֵאִיר, בִּתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁם הָיְתָה, שֶׁהוּא כֹהֵן, לְפִיכָךְ דָּנוּהָ בִשְׂרֵפָה:

38:25

הִוא מוּצֵאת וְהִיא שָׁלְחָה אֶל־חָמִיהָ לֵאמֹר לְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֵלֶּה לּוֹ אָנֹכִי הָרָה וַתֹּאמֶר הַכֶּר־נָא לְמִי הַחֹתֶמֶת וְהַפְּתִילִים וְהַמַּטֶּה הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

She was being taken out, and she sent [word] to her father-in-law saying, By the man to whom these belong am I pregnant. She said, Please recognize to whom this signet, wrap and staff belong.

She was being taken out, and she sent [word] to her father-in-law saying, By the man to whom these belong am I pregnant. She said, Please recognize to whom this signet, wrap and staff belong.

Rashi

הוא מוצאת. לְהִשָּׂרֵף:

והיא שלחה אל חמיה. לֹא רָצְתָה לְהַלְבִּין פָּנָיו וְלוֹמַר מִמְּךָ אֲנִי מְעֻבֶּרֶת, אֶלָּא לְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אֵלֶּה לּוֹ, אָמְרָה אִם יוֹדֶה יוֹדֶה מֵעַצְמוֹ, וְאִם לָאו, יִשְׂרְפוּנִי, וְאַל אַלְבִּין פָּנָיו. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ נוֹחַ לוֹ לָאָדָם שֶׁיַּפִּילוּהוּ לְכִבְשַׁן הָאֵשׁ וְאַל יַלְבִּין פְּנֵי חֲבֵרוֹ בָּרַבִּים:

הכר נא. אֵין נָא אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן בַּקָּשָׁה – הַכֵּר נָא בוֹרַאֲךָ, וְאַל תְּאַבֵּד שָׁלֹשׁ נְפָשׁוֹת:

38:26

וַיַּכֵּר יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר צָֽדְקָה מִמֶּנִּי כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּן לֹא־נְתַתִּיהָ לְשֵׁלָה בְנִי וְלֹֽא־יָסַף עוֹד לְדַעְתָּֽהּ׃

Yehudah recognized them and said, She is righteous, [it is] from me, inasmuch that I did not give her to my son Sheilah. He was not intimate with her any more.

Yehudah recognized them and said, She is righteous, [it is] from me, inasmuch that I did not give her to my son Sheilah. He was not intimate with her any more.

Rashi

צדקה. בִּדְבָרֶיהָ:

ממני. הִיא מְעֻבֶּרֶת. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ ז"ל דָּרְשׁוּ שֶׁיָּצְאָה בַת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה מִמֶּנִּי וּמֵאִתִּי יָצְאוּ הַדְּבָרִים, לְפִי שֶׁהָיְתָה צְנוּעָה בְּבֵית חָמִיהָ, גָּזַרְתִּי שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מִמֶּנָּה מְלָכִים, וּמִשֵּׁבֶט יְהוּדָה גָּזַרְתִּי לְהַעֲמִיד מְלָכִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל:

כי על כן לא נתתיה. כִּי בְּדִין עָשְׂתָה, עַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא נְתַתִּיהָ לְשֵׁלָה בְנִי:

ולא יסף עוד. יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים לֹא הוֹסִיף, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים לֹא פָסַק. וַחֲבֵרוֹ גַּבֵּי אֶלְדָּד וּמֵידָד, וְלֹא יָסָפוּ, וּמְתַרְגְּמִינָן וְלָא פְּסָקוּ:

38:27

וַיְהִי בְּעֵת לִדְתָּהּ וְהִנֵּה תְאוֹמִים בְּבִטְנָֽהּ׃

When the time came for her to give birth, there were twins in her womb.

When the time came for her to give birth, there were twins in her womb.

Rashi

בעת לדתה. וּבְרִבְקָה הוּא אוֹמֵר וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת? לְהַלָּן לִמְלֵאִים וְכָאן לַחֲסֵרִים:

והנה תאומים. מָלֵא, וּלְהַלָּן תּוֹמִם חָסֵר, לְפִי שֶׁהָאֶחָד רָשָׁע, אֲבָל אֵלּוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם צַדִּיקִים:

38:28

וַיְהִי בְלִדְתָּהּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָד וַתִּקַּח הַמְיַלֶּדֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁר עַל־יָדוֹ שָׁנִי לֵאמֹר זֶה יָצָא רִאשֹׁנָֽה׃

As she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand. The midwife took it and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, This one emerged first.

As she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand. The midwife took it and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, This one emerged first.

Rashi

ויתן יד. הוֹצִיא הָאֶחָד יָדוֹ לַחוּץ, וּלְאַחַר שֶׁקָּשְׁרָה עַל יָדוֹ הַשָּׁנִי הֶחֱזִירָהּ:

38:29

וַיְהִי ׀ כְּמֵשִׁיב יָדוֹ וְהִנֵּה יָצָא אָחִיו וַתֹּאמֶר מַה־פָּרַצְתָּ עָלֶיךָ פָּרֶץ וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמוֹ פָּֽרֶץ׃

When he put back his hand, behold his brother emerged, and she said, With what strength you have pushed yourself. He named him Peretz.

When he put back his hand, behold his brother emerged, and she said, With what strength you have pushed yourself. He named him Peretz.

Rashi

פרצת. חָזַקְתָּ עָלֶיךָ חֹזֶק:

38:30

וְאַחַר יָצָא אָחִיו אֲשֶׁר עַל־יָדוֹ הַשָּׁנִי וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמוֹ זָֽרַח׃ {ס}        

Then his brother emerged—the one upon whose hand was the scarlet thread. He named him Zorach.

Then his brother emerged—the one upon whose hand was the scarlet thread. He named him Zorach.

Rashi

אשר על ידו השני. אַרְבַּע יָדוֹת כְּתוּבוֹת כָּאן כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבָּעָה חֲרָמִים שֶׁמָּעַל עָכָן שֶׁיָּצָא מִמֶּנּוּ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים שֶׁלָּקַח, אַדֶּרֶת שִׁנְעָר וּשְׁתֵּי חֲתִיכוֹת כֶּסֶף שֶׁל מָאתַיִם שְׁקָלִים וּלְשׁוֹן זָהָב, בְּרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה:

ויקרא שמו זרח. עַל שֵׁם זְרִיחַת מַרְאִית הַשָּׁנִי:

Bereshit 39

39:1

וְיוֹסֵף הוּרַד מִצְרָיְמָה וַיִּקְנֵהוּ פּוֹטִיפַר סְרִיס פַּרְעֹה שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים אִישׁ מִצְרִי מִיַּד הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִדֻהוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃

Yoseif was brought down to Egypt. He was purchased by Potiphar—an officer of Pharaoh, the chief of the slaughterers, an Egyptian—from the Yishmaelites who had brought him down there.

Yoseif was brought down to Egypt. He was purchased by Potiphar—an officer of Pharaoh, the chief of the slaughterers, an Egyptian—from the Yishmaelites who had brought him down there.

Rashi

ויוסף הורד. חוֹזֵר לְעִנְיָן רִאשׁוֹן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהִפְסִיק בּוֹ כְּדֵי לִסְמֹךְ יְרִידָתוֹ שֶׁל יְהוּדָה לִמְכִירָתוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף לוֹמַר שֶׁבִּשְׁבִילוֹ הוֹרִידוּהוּ מִגְּדֻלָּתוֹ, וְעוֹד כְּדֵי לִסְמֹךְ מַעֲשֵׂה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל פּוֹטִיפַר לְמַעֲשֵׂה תָמָר לוֹמַר לְךָ, מַה זּוֹ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם אַף זוֹ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁרָאֲתָה בְאִצְטְרוֹלוֹגִין שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁעֲתִידָה לְהַעֲמִיד בָּנִים מִמֶּנּוּ, וְאֵינָהּ יוֹדַעַת אִם מִמֶּנָּה אִם מִבִּתָּהּ:

39:2

וַיְהִי יְהֹוָה אֶת־יוֹסֵף וַיְהִי אִישׁ מַצְלִיחַ וַיְהִי בְּבֵית אֲדֹנָיו הַמִּצְרִֽי׃

Adonoy was with Yoseif, and he was successful. He was [a servant] in the house of his master, the Egyptian.

Adonoy was with Yoseif, and he was successful. He was [a servant] in the house of his master, the Egyptian.

39:3

וַיַּרְא אֲדֹנָיו כִּי יְהֹוָה אִתּוֹ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־הוּא עֹשֶׂה יְהֹוָה מַצְלִיחַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃

His master saw that Adonoy was with him, and that whatever he did, Adonoy made it succeed through his hand.

His master saw that Adonoy was with him, and that whatever he did, Adonoy made it succeed through his hand.

Rashi

כי ה' אתו. שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם שָׁגוּר בְּפִיו:

39:4

וַיִּמְצָא יוֹסֵף חֵן בְּעֵינָיו וַיְשָׁרֶת אֹתוֹ וַיַּפְקִדֵהוּ עַל־בֵּיתוֹ וְכׇל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ נָתַן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃

Yoseif found favor in his eyes, and he served him personally. He appointed him supervisor over his household, and all that he possessed he placed in his hand.

Yoseif found favor in his eyes, and he served him personally. He appointed him supervisor over his household, and all that he possessed he placed in his hand.

Rashi

וכל יש לו. הֲרֵי לָשׁוֹן קָצָר, חָסֵר "אֲשֶׁר":

39:5

וַיְהִי מֵאָז הִפְקִיד אֹתוֹ בְּבֵיתוֹ וְעַל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר יֶשׁ־לוֹ וַיְבָרֶךְ יְהֹוָה אֶת־בֵּית הַמִּצְרִי בִּגְלַל יוֹסֵף וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת יְהֹוָה בְּכׇל־אֲשֶׁר יֶשׁ־לוֹ בַּבַּיִת וּבַשָּׂדֶֽה׃

From the time he appointed him supervisor over his household and over all that he possessed, Adonoy blessed the house of the Egyptian for Yoseif’s sake. The blessing of Adonoy was in all that he possessed, in the house and in the field.

From the time he appointed him supervisor over his household and over all that he possessed, Adonoy blessed the house of the Egyptian for Yoseif’s sake. The blessing of Adonoy was in all that he possessed, in the house and in the field.

39:6

וַיַּעֲזֹב כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ בְּיַד־יוֹסֵף וְלֹא־יָדַע אִתּוֹ מְאוּמָה כִּי אִם־הַלֶּחֶם אֲשֶׁר־הוּא אוֹכֵל וַיְהִי יוֹסֵף יְפֵה־תֹאַר וִיפֵה מַרְאֶֽה׃

He left everything he possessed in the hand of Yoseif. He did not concern himself with anything about him, except for the bread he ate. Yoseif was well-built and good looking.

He left everything he possessed in the hand of Yoseif. He did not concern himself with anything about him, except for the bread he ate. Yoseif was well-built and good looking.

Rashi

ולא ידע אתו מאומה. לֹא הָיָה נוֹתֵן לִבּוֹ לִכְלוּם:

כי אם הלחם. הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ, אֶלָּא שֶׁדִּבֵּר בְּלָשׁוֹן נְקִיָּה:

ויהי יוסף יפה תואר. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה עַצְמוֹ מוֹשֵׁל, הִתְחִיל אוֹכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה וּמְסַלְסֵל בְּשַׂעֲרוֹ, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה אָבִיךָ מִתְאַבֵּל וְאַתָּה מְסַלְסֵל בִּשְׂעָרְךָ, אֲנִי מְגָרֶה בְךָ אֶת הַדֹּב, מִיָּד:

39:7

וַיְהִי אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַתִּשָּׂא אֵֽשֶׁת־אֲדֹנָיו אֶת־עֵינֶיהָ אֶל־יוֹסֵף וַתֹּאמֶר שִׁכְבָה עִמִּֽי׃

After these events, his master’s wife cast her eyes upon Yoseif, and she said, Be with me.

After these events, his master’s wife cast her eyes upon Yoseif, and she said, Be with me.

Rashi

ותשא אשת אדוניו וגו'. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אַחַר סָמוּךְ:

39:8

וַיְמָאֵן ׀ וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אֵשֶׁת אֲדֹנָיו הֵן אֲדֹנִי לֹא־יָדַע אִתִּי מַה־בַּבָּיִת וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יֶשׁ־לוֹ נָתַן בְּיָדִֽי׃

He refused and said to his master’s wife, Behold, my master knows nothing about what I am doing in the house, and all that he possess, he has placed in my hands.

He refused and said to his master’s wife, Behold, my master knows nothing about what I am doing in the house, and all that he possess, he has placed in my hands.

39:9

אֵינֶנּוּ גָדוֹל בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה מִמֶּנִּי וְלֹֽא־חָשַׂךְ מִמֶּנִּי מְאוּמָה כִּי אִם־אוֹתָךְ בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֵיךְ אֶֽעֱשֶׂה הָרָעָה הַגְּדֹלָה הַזֹּאת וְחָטָאתִי לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃

No one in this house is greater than me. He has not withheld anything from me other than you, for you are his wife. How can I do such a great evil, and sin against God.

No one in this house is greater than me. He has not withheld anything from me other than you, for you are his wife. How can I do such a great evil, and sin against God.

Rashi

וחטאתי לאלהים. בְּנֵי נֹחַ נִצְטַוּוּ עַל הָעֲרָיוֹת:

39:10

וַיְהִי כְּדַבְּרָהּ אֶל־יוֹסֵף יוֹם ׀ יוֹם וְלֹא־שָׁמַע אֵלֶיהָ לִשְׁכַּב אֶצְלָהּ לִהְיוֹת עִמָּֽהּ׃

Even though she spoke to Yoseif every day, he would not listen to her, to lie next to her, [nor] to be with her.

Even though she spoke to Yoseif every day, he would not listen to her, to lie next to her, [nor] to be with her.

Rashi

לשכב אצלה. אֲפִלּוּ בְלֹא תַשְׁמִישׁ:

להיות עמה. לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא:

39:11

וַֽיְהִי כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וַיָּבֹא הַבַּיְתָה לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלַאכְתּוֹ וְאֵין אִישׁ מֵאַנְשֵׁי הַבַּיִת שָׁם בַּבָּֽיִת׃

It was on such a day, that he came to the house to do his work. No man of the household was there in the house.

It was on such a day, that he came to the house to do his work. No man of the household was there in the house.

Rashi

ויהי כהיום הזה. כְּלוֹמַר וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר הִגִּיעַ יוֹם מְיֻחָד, יוֹם צְחוֹק, יוֹם אֵיד שֶׁלָּהֶם, שֶׁהָלְכוּ כֻּלָּם לְבֵית עֲ"זָ, אָמְרָה אֵין לִי יוֹם הָגוּן לְהִזָּקֵק לְיוֹסֵף כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, אָמְרָה לָהֶם חוֹלָה אֲנִי וְאֵינִי יְכוֹלָה לֵילֵךְ (תַּנְחוּמָא):

לעשות מלאכתו. רַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל, חַד אָמַר מְלַאכְתּוֹ מַמָּשׁ, וְחַד אָמַר לַעֲשׂוֹת צְרָכָיו עִמָּהּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּרְאֵית לוֹ דְּמוּת דְּיוּקְנוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיו וכו' כִּדְאִיתָא בְּמַסֶּכֶת סוֹטָה (דף ל"ו):

39:12

וַתִּתְפְּשֵׂהוּ בְּבִגְדוֹ לֵאמֹר שִׁכְבָה עִמִּי וַיַּעֲזֹב בִּגְדוֹ בְּיָדָהּ וַיָּנׇס וַיֵּצֵא הַחֽוּצָה׃

She grabbed him by his garment, saying, Be with me. He left his garment in her hand, and fled, and he went outside.

She grabbed him by his garment, saying, Be with me. He left his garment in her hand, and fled, and he went outside.

39:13

וַֽיְהִי כִּרְאוֹתָהּ כִּֽי־עָזַב בִּגְדוֹ בְּיָדָהּ וַיָּנׇס הַחֽוּצָה׃

It was when she saw that he left his garment in her hand and had fled outside,

It was when she saw that he left his garment in her hand and had fled outside,

39:14

וַתִּקְרָא לְאַנְשֵׁי בֵיתָהּ וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם לֵאמֹר רְאוּ הֵבִיא לָנוּ אִישׁ עִבְרִי לְצַחֶק בָּנוּ בָּא אֵלַי לִשְׁכַּב עִמִּי וָאֶקְרָא בְּקוֹל גָּדֽוֹל׃

that she called to the men of the household and said to them, See, he brought us a Hebrew man to mock us. He came to be with me, and I called out in a loud voice.

that she called to the men of the household and said to them, See, he brought us a Hebrew man to mock us. He came to be with me, and I called out in a loud voice.

Rashi

ראו הביא לנו. הֲרֵי זֶה לָשׁוֹן קְצָרָה – הֵבִיא לָנוּ, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ מִי הֱבִיאוֹ, וְעַל בַּעֲלָהּ אוֹמֶרֶת כֵּן:

עברי. מֵעֵבֶר הַנָּהָר, מִבְּנֵי עֵבֶר (בראשית רבה):

39:15

וַיְהִי כְשׇׁמְעוֹ כִּֽי־הֲרִימֹתִי קוֹלִי וָאֶקְרָא וַיַּעֲזֹב בִּגְדוֹ אֶצְלִי וַיָּנׇס וַיֵּצֵא הַחֽוּצָה׃

When he heard that I raised my voice and cried out, he left his garment with me, and fled and went outside.

When he heard that I raised my voice and cried out, he left his garment with me, and fled and went outside.

39:16

וַתַּנַּח בִּגְדוֹ אֶצְלָהּ עַד־בּוֹא אֲדֹנָיו אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃

She laid his garment near her until his master came home.

She laid his garment near her until his master came home.

Rashi

אדניו. שֶׁל יוֹסֵף:

39:17

וַתְּדַבֵּר אֵלָיו כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה לֵאמֹר בָּֽא־אֵלַי הָעֶבֶד הָֽעִבְרִי אֲשֶׁר־הֵבֵאתָ לָּנוּ לְצַחֶק בִּֽי׃

She spoke to him [her husband] according to these words, saying, The Hebrew slave came to me—the same one you brought into us—[he came to] mock me.

She spoke to him [her husband] according to these words, saying, The Hebrew slave came to me—the same one you brought into us—[he came to] mock me.

Rashi

בא אלי. לְצַחֶק בִּי הָעֶבֶד הָעִבְרִי אֲשֶׁר הֵבֵאתָ לָּנוּ:

39:18

וַיְהִי כַּהֲרִימִי קוֹלִי וָאֶקְרָא וַיַּעֲזֹב בִּגְדוֹ אֶצְלִי וַיָּנׇס הַחֽוּצָה׃

When I raised my voice and cried out, he left his garment with me and fled outside.

When I raised my voice and cried out, he left his garment with me and fled outside.

39:19

וַיְהִי כִשְׁמֹעַ אֲדֹנָיו אֶת־דִּבְרֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר דִּבְּרָה אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה עָשָׂה לִי עַבְדֶּךָ וַיִּחַר אַפּֽוֹ׃

When his master heard the words of his wife which she spoke to him, saying, Your slave did such things to me, he became furious.

When his master heard the words of his wife which she spoke to him, saying, Your slave did such things to me, he became furious.

Rashi

ויהי כשמע אדניו וגו'. בִּשְׁעַת תַּשְׁמִישׁ אָמְרָה לוֹ כֵן, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמְרָה כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה עָשָׂה לִי עַבְדֶּךָ, עִנְיְנֵי תַשְׁמִישׁ כָּאֵלֶּה:

39:20

וַיִּקַּח אֲדֹנֵי יוֹסֵף אֹתוֹ וַֽיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶל־בֵּית הַסֹּהַר מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־[אֲסִירֵי] (אסורי) הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲסוּרִים וַֽיְהִי־שָׁם בְּבֵית הַסֹּֽהַר׃

Yoseif’s master took him and placed him in the prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were jailed. He remained there in the prison.

Yoseif’s master took him and placed him in the prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were jailed. He remained there in the prison.

39:21

וַיְהִי יְהֹוָה אֶת־יוֹסֵף וַיֵּט אֵלָיו חָסֶד וַיִּתֵּן חִנּוֹ בְּעֵינֵי שַׂר בֵּית־הַסֹּֽהַר׃

Adonoy was with Yoseif, and extended kindness to him, granting him favor in the eyes of the prison chief.

Adonoy was with Yoseif, and extended kindness to him, granting him favor in the eyes of the prison chief.

Rashi

ויט אליו חסד. שֶׁהָיָה מְקֻבָּל לְכָל רוֹאָיו, לְשׁוֹן "כַּלָּה נָאָה וַחֲסוּדָה" שֶׁבַּמִּשְׁנָה:

39:22

וַיִּתֵּן שַׂר בֵּית־הַסֹּהַר בְּיַד־יוֹסֵף אֵת כׇּל־הָאֲסִירִם אֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית הַסֹּהַר וְאֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר עֹשִׂים שָׁם הוּא הָיָה עֹשֶֽׂה׃

The prison chief gave Yoseif control over all the prisoners in the prison, and everything that had to be done there, he was the one who did it.

The prison chief gave Yoseif control over all the prisoners in the prison, and everything that had to be done there, he was the one who did it.

Rashi

הוא היה עושה. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ בְּמֵימְרֵהּ הֲוָה מִתְעֲבֵיד:

39:23

אֵין ׀ שַׂר בֵּית־הַסֹּהַר רֹאֶה אֶֽת־כׇּל־מְאוּמָה בְּיָדוֹ בַּאֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אִתּוֹ וַֽאֲשֶׁר־הוּא עֹשֶׂה יְהֹוָה מַצְלִֽיחַ׃ {פ}

The prison chief did not have to look after anything that was under his hand, because Adonoy was with him and whatever he did, Adonoy made him succeed.

The prison chief did not have to look after anything that was under his hand, because Adonoy was with him and whatever he did, Adonoy made him succeed.

Rashi

באשר ה' אתו. בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁה' אִתּוֹ:

Bereshit 40

40:1

וַיְהִי אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה חָטְאוּ מַשְׁקֵה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם וְהָאֹפֶה לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶם לְמֶלֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

After these events, an offense was committed by the Egyptian king’s butler and baker against their master, the king of Egypt.

After these events, an offense was committed by the Egyptian king’s butler and baker against their master, the king of Egypt.

Rashi

אחר הדברים האלה. לְפִי שֶׁהִרְגִּילָה אוֹתָהּ אֲרוּרָה אֶת הַצַּדִּיק בְּפִי כֻלָּם לְדַבֵּר בּוֹ וּלְגַנּוֹתוֹ, הֵבִיא לָהֶם הַקָּבָּ"ה סֻרְחָנָם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ, שֶׁיִּפְנוּ אֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא אֵלָיו, וְעוֹד שֶׁתָּבֹא הָרְוָחָה לַצַּדִּיק עַל יְדֵיהֶם:

חטאו. זֶה נִמְצָא זְבוּב בְּפַיְילִי פּוֹטֵירִין שֶׁלּוֹ, וְזֶה נִמְצָא צְרוֹר בִּגְלוּסְקִין שֶׁלּוֹ:

והאפה. אֶת פַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְאֵין לְשׁוֹן אֲפִיָּה אֶלָּא בְּפַת, וּבְלַעַז פישטו"ר:

40:2

וַיִּקְצֹף פַּרְעֹה עַל שְׁנֵי סָרִיסָיו עַל שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים וְעַל שַׂר הָאוֹפִֽים׃

Pharaoh was enraged at his two officials, the chief butler and the chief baker.

Pharaoh was enraged at his two officials, the chief butler and the chief baker.

40:3

וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם בְּמִשְׁמַר בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים אֶל־בֵּית הַסֹּהַר מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יוֹסֵף אָסוּר שָֽׁם׃

He placed them under guard in the house of the chief executioner, in the prison, where Yoseif was imprisoned.

He placed them under guard in the house of the chief executioner, in the prison, where Yoseif was imprisoned.

40:4

וַיִּפְקֹד שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים אֶת־יוֹסֵף אִתָּם וַיְשָׁרֶת אֹתָם וַיִּהְיוּ יָמִים בְּמִשְׁמָֽר׃

The chief of the slaughterers appointed Yoseif to be with them and he served them. They were under guard for a period of time.

The chief of the slaughterers appointed Yoseif to be with them and he served them. They were under guard for a period of time.

Rashi

ויפקד שר הטבחים את יוסף. לִהְיוֹת אִתָּם:

ויהיו ימים במשמר. שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ:

40:5

וַיַּֽחַלְמוּ חֲלוֹם שְׁנֵיהֶם אִישׁ חֲלֹמוֹ בְּלַיְלָה אֶחָד אִישׁ כְּפִתְרוֹן חֲלֹמוֹ הַמַּשְׁקֶה וְהָאֹפֶה אֲשֶׁר לְמֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם אֲשֶׁר אֲסוּרִים בְּבֵית הַסֹּֽהַר׃

The two of them had a dream. Each of them had his dream on the same night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, who were imprisoned in the prison.

The two of them had a dream. Each of them had his dream on the same night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, who were imprisoned in the prison.

Rashi

ויחלמו חלום שניהם. וַיַּחַלְמוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם חֲלוֹם, זֶהוּ פְשׁוּטוֹ, וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ כָּל א' חָלַם חֲלוֹם שְׁנֵיהֶם – שֶׁחָלַם אֶת חֲלוֹמוֹ וּפִתְרוֹן חֲבֵרוֹ, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיַּרְא שַׂר הָאֹפִים כִּי טוֹב פָּתָר:

איש כפתרון חלומו. כָּל אֶחָד חָלַם חֲלוֹם הַדּוֹמֶה לְפִתְרוֹן הֶעָתִיד לָבֹא עֲלֵיהֶם:

40:6

וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵיהֶם יוֹסֵף בַּבֹּקֶר וַיַּרְא אֹתָם וְהִנָּם זֹעֲפִֽים׃

Yoseif came to them in the morning, and he saw them, and behold they were troubled.

Yoseif came to them in the morning, and he saw them, and behold they were troubled.

Rashi

זעפים. עֲצֵבִים כְּמוֹ סַר וְזָעֵף (מלכים א כ'), זַעַף ה' אֶשָּׂא (מיכה ז'):

40:7

וַיִּשְׁאַל אֶת־סְרִיסֵי פַרְעֹה אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ בְמִשְׁמַר בֵּית אֲדֹנָיו לֵאמֹר מַדּוּעַ פְּנֵיכֶם רָעִים הַיּֽוֹם׃

He asked Pharaoh’s officials, who were with him, under guard in his master’s house, saying, Why do you look so bad today?

He asked Pharaoh’s officials, who were with him, under guard in his master’s house, saying, Why do you look so bad today?

40:8

וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו חֲלוֹם חָלַמְנוּ וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם יוֹסֵף הֲלוֹא לֵֽאלֹהִים פִּתְרֹנִים סַפְּרוּ־נָא לִֽי׃

They said to him, We had a dream, and there is no interpreter of it. Yoseif said to them, Do not interpretations belong to God. Tell them to me, please.

They said to him, We had a dream, and there is no interpreter of it. Yoseif said to them, Do not interpretations belong to God. Tell them to me, please.

40:9

וַיְסַפֵּר שַֽׂר־הַמַּשְׁקִים אֶת־חֲלֹמוֹ לְיוֹסֵף וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ בַּחֲלוֹמִי וְהִנֵּה־גֶפֶן לְפָנָֽי׃

The butler told his dream to Yoseif. He said to him, In my dream, behold a grape vine was before me.

The butler told his dream to Yoseif. He said to him, In my dream, behold a grape vine was before me.

40:10

וּבַגֶּפֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה שָׂרִיגִם וְהִוא כְפֹרַחַת עָלְתָה נִצָּהּ הִבְשִׁילוּ אַשְׁכְּלֹתֶיהָ עֲנָבִֽים׃

On the vine there were three branches, as if budding, its blossoms blooming, and its clusters ripening into grapes.

On the vine there were three branches, as if budding, its blossoms blooming, and its clusters ripening into grapes.

Rashi

שריגם. זְמוֹרוֹת אֲרוּכוֹת, שֶׁקּוֹרִין ווידי"ץ בְּלַעַז:

והוא כפרחת. דּוֹמֶה לְפוֹרַחַת וְהִיא כְפוֹרַחַת – נִדְמָה לִי בַּחֲלוֹמִי כְאִלּוּ הִיא פוֹרַחַת, וְאַחַר הַפֶּרַח עָלְתָה נִצָּה, וְנַעֲשׂוּ סְמָדַר, אשפנ"יר בְּלַעַז, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִבְשִׁילוּ, וְהִיא כַּד אַפְרַחַת אַפֵּקַת לַבְלְבִין עַ"כַּ תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל פּוֹרַחַת נֵץ גָּדוֹל מִפֶּרַח כְּדִכְתִיב וּבֹסֶר גֹּמֵל יִהְיֶה נִצָּה (ישעיהו י"ח), וּכְתִיב וַיֹּצֵא פֶרַח, וַהֲדַר וַיָּצֵץ צִיץ (במדבר י"ז):

40:11

וְכוֹס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדִי וָאֶקַּח אֶת־הָֽעֲנָבִים וָֽאֶשְׂחַט אֹתָם אֶל־כּוֹס פַּרְעֹה וָאֶתֵּן אֶת־הַכּוֹס עַל־כַּף פַּרְעֹֽה׃

Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand. I took the grapes and squeezed them into Pharaoh’s cup. I then placed the cup into Pharaoh’s hand.

Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand. I took the grapes and squeezed them into Pharaoh’s cup. I then placed the cup into Pharaoh’s hand.

Rashi

ואשחט. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ וַעֲצָרִית, וְהַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה:

40:12

וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ יוֹסֵף זֶה פִּתְרֹנוֹ שְׁלֹשֶׁת הַשָּׂרִגִים שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים הֵֽם׃

Yoseif said to him, This is its interpretation: The three branches are three days.

Yoseif said to him, This is its interpretation: The three branches are three days.

Rashi

שלשת ימים הם. סִימָן הֵם לְךָ לִשְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים, וְיֵשׁ מִדְרְשֵׁי אַגָּדָה הַרְבֵּה (חולין צ"ב):

40:13

בְּעוֹד ׀ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא פַרְעֹה אֶת־רֹאשֶׁךָ וַהֲשִֽׁיבְךָ עַל־כַּנֶּךָ וְנָתַתָּ כוֹס־פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדוֹ כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הָֽרִאשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר הָיִיתָ מַשְׁקֵֽהוּ׃

In another three days, Pharaoh will lift your head, and restore you to your position. You will place Pharaoh’s cup in his hand, as was your previous practice when you were his butler.

In another three days, Pharaoh will lift your head, and restore you to your position. You will place Pharaoh’s cup in his hand, as was your previous practice when you were his butler.

Rashi

ישא פרעה את ראשך. לְ' חֶשְׁבּוֹן, כְּשֶׁיִּפְקֹד שְׁאָר עֲבָדָיו לְשָׁרֵת לְפָנָיו בַּסְּעוּדָה, יִמְנֶה אוֹתְךָ עִמָּהֶם:

כנך. בָּסִיס שֶׁלְּךָ וּמוֹשָׁבְךָ:

40:14

כִּי אִם־זְכַרְתַּנִי אִתְּךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָךְ וְעָשִֽׂיתָ־נָּא עִמָּדִי חָסֶד וְהִזְכַּרְתַּנִי אֶל־פַּרְעֹה וְהוֹצֵאתַנִי מִן־הַבַּיִת הַזֶּֽה׃

But remember me when things go well with you. Please deal kindly with me, and mention me to Pharaoh, and take me out of this house.

But remember me when things go well with you. Please deal kindly with me, and mention me to Pharaoh, and take me out of this house.

Rashi

כי אם זכרתני אתך. אֲשֶׁר אִם זְכַרְתַּנִי אִתְּךָ, מֵאַחַר שֶׁיִּיטַב לְךָ כְּפִתְרוֹנִי:

ועשית נא עמדי חסד. אֵין נָא אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן בַּקָּשָׁה:

40:15

כִּֽי־גֻנֹּב גֻּנַּבְתִּי מֵאֶרֶץ הָעִבְרִים וְגַם־פֹּה לֹא־עָשִׂיתִֽי מְאוּמָה כִּֽי־שָׂמוּ אֹתִי בַּבּֽוֹר׃

I was kidnaped from the land of the Hebrews, and here I have also done nothing that they should have put me in this dungeon.

I was kidnaped from the land of the Hebrews, and here I have also done nothing that they should have put me in this dungeon.

40:16

וַיַּרְא שַׂר־הָאֹפִים כִּי טוֹב פָּתָר וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־יוֹסֵף אַף־אֲנִי בַּחֲלוֹמִי וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי עַל־רֹאשִֽׁי׃

The chief baker saw that he interpreted well. He said to Yoseif, I, too, dreamed. Behold there were three fancy baskets on my head.

The chief baker saw that he interpreted well. He said to Yoseif, I, too, dreamed. Behold there were three fancy baskets on my head.

Rashi

סלי חורי. סַלִּים שֶׁל נְצָרִים קְלוּפִים חוֹרִין חוֹרִין, וּבִמְקוֹמֵנוּ יֵשׁ הַרְבֵּה, וְדֶרֶךְ מוֹכְרֵי פַת כִּסָּנִין, שֶׁקּוֹרִין אובל"יש בְּלַעַז, לְתִתָּם בְּאוֹתָם סַלִּים:

40:17

וּבַסַּל הָֽעֶלְיוֹן מִכֹּל מַאֲכַל פַּרְעֹה מַעֲשֵׂה אֹפֶה וְהָעוֹף אֹכֵל אֹתָם מִן־הַסַּל מֵעַל רֹאשִֽׁי׃

In the top basket there were various kinds of food for Pharaoh, consisting of baked goods, and the bird was eating them from the basket that was on my head.

In the top basket there were various kinds of food for Pharaoh, consisting of baked goods, and the bird was eating them from the basket that was on my head.

40:18

וַיַּעַן יוֹסֵף וַיֹּאמֶר זֶה פִּתְרֹנוֹ שְׁלֹשֶׁת הַסַּלִּים שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים הֵֽם׃

Yoseif replied and said, This is its interpretation: The three baskets represent three days.

Yoseif replied and said, This is its interpretation: The three baskets represent three days.

40:19

בְּעוֹד ׀ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא פַרְעֹה אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ מֵֽעָלֶיךָ וְתָלָה אוֹתְךָ עַל־עֵץ וְאָכַל הָעוֹף אֶת־בְּשָׂרְךָ מֵעָלֶֽיךָ׃

In another three days, Pharaoh will lift your head from off you. He will hang you on a tree, and the bird will eat your flesh from off you.

In another three days, Pharaoh will lift your head from off you. He will hang you on a tree, and the bird will eat your flesh from off you.

40:20

וַיְהִי ׀ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי יוֹם הֻלֶּדֶת אֶת־פַּרְעֹה וַיַּעַשׂ מִשְׁתֶּה לְכׇל־עֲבָדָיו וַיִּשָּׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ ׀ שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים וְאֶת־רֹאשׁ שַׂר הָאֹפִים בְּתוֹךְ עֲבָדָֽיו׃

It was on the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, that he [Pharaoh] made a feast for all his servants. He lifted the head of the chief butler, and the head of the chief baker among his servants.

It was on the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, that he [Pharaoh] made a feast for all his servants. He lifted the head of the chief butler, and the head of the chief baker among his servants.

Rashi

יום הלדת את פרעה. יוֹם לֵידָתוֹ, וְקוֹרִין לוֹ יוֹם גֵּינוּסְיָא. וּלְשׁוֹן הֻלֶּדֶת, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין הַוָּלָד נוֹצָר אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, שֶׁהַחַיָּה מְיַלֶּדֶת אֶת הָאִשָּׁה, וְעַל כֵּן הַחַיָּה נִקְרֵאת מְיַלֶּדֶת, וְכֵן וּמוֹלְדוֹתַיִךְ בְּיוֹם הוּלֶּדֶת אוֹתָךְ (יחזקאל ט"ז) וְכֵן אַחֲרֵי הֻכַּבֵּס אֶת הַנֶּגַע (ויקרא י"ג), שֶׁכִּבּוּסוֹ עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים:

וישא את ראש וגו'. מְנָאָם עִם שְׁאָר עֲבָדָיו, שֶׁהָיָה מוֹנֶה הַמְּשָׁרְתִים שֶׁיְּשָׁרְתוּ לוֹ בִּסְעוּדָתוֹ וְזָכַר אֶת אֵלּוּ בְתוֹכָם, כְּמוֹ שְׂאוּ אֶת רֹאשׁ (במדבר א'), לְשׁוֹן מִנְיָן:

40:21

וַיָּשֶׁב אֶת־שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים עַל־מַשְׁקֵהוּ וַיִּתֵּן הַכּוֹס עַל־כַּף פַּרְעֹֽה׃

He restored the chief butler to his position, and he presented the cup into Pharaoh’s hand.

He restored the chief butler to his position, and he presented the cup into Pharaoh’s hand.

40:22

וְאֵת שַׂר הָאֹפִים תָּלָה כַּאֲשֶׁר פָּתַר לָהֶם יוֹסֵֽף׃

The chief baker, he hung, just as Yoseif had interpreted to them.

The chief baker, he hung, just as Yoseif had interpreted to them.

40:23

וְלֹֽא־זָכַר שַֽׂר־הַמַּשְׁקִים אֶת־יוֹסֵף וַיִּשְׁכָּחֵֽהוּ׃ {פ}

[However] the chief butler did not remember Yoseif, but forgot him.

[However] the chief butler did not remember Yoseif, but forgot him.

Rashi

ולא זכר שר המשקים. בּוֹ בַיּוֹם:

וישכחהו. לְאַחַר מִכָּאן. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁתָּלָה בוֹ יוֹסֵף לְזָכְרוֹ, הֻזְקַק לִהְיוֹת אָסוּר שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אַשְׁרֵי הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר שָׂם ה' מִבְטַחוֹ וְלֹא פָנָה אֶל רְהָבִים (תהילים מ') – וְלֹא בָטַח עַל מִצְרִים, הַקְּרוּיִים רַהַב:

Texts

  • Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah · License: CC-BY-SA
  • English: Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 · License: CC-BY
  • Hebrew: Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934 · License: PD

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