Tanach
Devarim 16 דברים ט״ז
Part of: Re'ehShoftimRe'eh, Aliyah 7Shoftim, Aliyah 1Petuchah, Deuteronomy 16:1Petuchah, Deuteronomy 16:13Setumah, Deuteronomy 16:9Setumah, Deuteronomy 16:18Setumah, Deuteronomy 16:21
Reading: Hebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlyHebrew · Simple EnglishHebrew · Faithful translationHebrew onlySimple English onlyFaithful translation onlySide by sideRashi
שָׁמוֹר אֶת־חֹדֶשׁ הָאָבִיב וְעָשִׂיתָ פֶּסַח לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כִּי בְּחֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב הוֹצִיאֲךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִמִּצְרַיִם לָֽיְלָה׃
Take heed of the month of spring, when you will celebrate Pesach for Adonoy your God; for in the month of spring Adonoy, your God, took you out from Egypt at night.
Take heed of the month of spring, when you will celebrate Pesach for Adonoy your God; for in the month of spring Adonoy, your God, took you out from Egypt at night.
Rashi
ממצרים לילה. וַהֲלֹא בַּיּוֹם יָצְאוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ל"ג) מִמָּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח יָצְאוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ'? אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁבַּלַּיְלָה נָתַן לָהֶם פַּרְעֹה רְשׁוּת לָצֵאת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ב) וַיִּקְרָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן לַיְלָה וְגוֹ' (בראשית ט'):
From Egypt at night. But didn’t they leave by day, as it is said, “On the day after the pascal-offering, the Israelites went out, etc.”? But, because it was at night that Pharoah granted them permission to leave, as it is said, “He called for Moshe and Aharon at night, etc.”
וְזָבַחְתָּ פֶּסַח לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ צֹאן וּבָקָר בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָֽׁם׃
You shall slaughter the pesach-offering to Adonoy, your God, flocks of ruminants and cattle in the place that Adonoy chooses to house His Presence there.
You shall slaughter the pesach-offering to Adonoy, your God, flocks of ruminants and cattle in the place that Adonoy chooses to house His Presence there.
Rashi
וזבחת פסח לה' אלהיך צאן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ב) מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן הָעִזִּים תִּקָּחוּ:
You shall slaughter the pesach-offering to Adonoy your God; flocks. As it is said, “You shall take it from the sheep and goats.”
ובקר. תִּזְבַּח לַחֲגִיגָה, שֶׁאִם נִמְנוּ עַל הַפֶּסַח חֲבוּרָה מְרֻבָּה, מְבִיאִים עִמּוֹ חֲגִיגָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נֶאֱכָל עַל הַשֹּׂבַע (פסחים ס"ט); וְעוֹד לָמְדוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ דְּבָרִים הַרְבֵּה מִפָּסוּק זֶה:
And cattle. You shall slaughter, as the chagigah-offering. If those engaged as partners in the pesach were a large group, they must bring, with it, a chagigah-offering, so that it is eaten when they have filled themselves. In addition, the Rabbis derive many teachings from this passage.
לֹא־תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּֽאכַל־עָלָיו מַצּוֹת לֶחֶם עֹנִי כִּי בְחִפָּזוֹן יָצָאתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת־יוֹם צֵֽאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּֽיךָ׃
Do not eat chometz on it; seven days are you to eat on it matzos, bread of anguish; since in haste you left the land of Egypt, so that you remember the day of your exodus from the land of Egypt all the days of your life.
Do not eat chometz on it; seven days are you to eat on it matzos, bread of anguish; since in haste you left the land of Egypt, so that you remember the day of your exodus from the land of Egypt all the days of your life.
Rashi
לחם עני. לֶחֶם שֶׁמַּזְכִּיר אֶת הָעֹנִי שֶׁנִּתְעַנּוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם (ספרי):
Bread of anguish. Bread which memorializes the anguish they suffered in Egypt.
כי בחפזון יצאת. וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק בָּצֵק לְהַחֲמִיץ וְזֶה יִהְיֶה לְךָ לְזִכָּרוֹן; וְחִפָּזוֹן לֹא שֶׁלְּךָ הָיָה אֶלָּא שֶׁל מִצְרַיִם, שֶׁכֵּן הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַתֶּחֱזַק מִצְרַיִם עַל הָעָם וְגוֹ'" (ספרי):
Since in haste you left. Without sufficient time for the dough to leaven. This will serve as a memorial. The haste was not yours, but Egypt’s, as it is said, “The Egyptians pressed the people, etc.”
למען תזכר. עַל יְדֵי אֲכִילַת הַפֶּסַח וְהַמַּצָּה את יום צאתך:
So that you remember. By eating the pesach and matzah, the day of your departure.
וְלֹֽא־יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר בְּכׇל־גְּבֻלְךָ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְלֹא־יָלִין מִן־הַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר תִּזְבַּח בָּעֶרֶב בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן לַבֹּֽקֶר׃
And no sourdough of yours may be seen in all of your boundary seven days; and none of the flesh may remain overnight which you slaughtered towards the evening of the first day—until morning.
And no sourdough of yours may be seen in all of your boundary seven days; and none of the flesh may remain overnight which you slaughtered towards the evening of the first day—until morning.
Rashi
ולא ילין מן הבשר אשר תזבח בערב ביום הראשון לבקר. אַזְהָרָה לַמּוֹתִיר בְּפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא בְּפֶסַח מִצְרַיִם; וְיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן הָאָמוּר כָּאן הוּא י"ד בְּנִיסָן, כְּמָה דְּאַתְּ אָמַר "אַךְ בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שְׂאוֹר מִבָּתֵּיכֶם" (שמות י"ב); וּלְפִי שֶׁנִּסְתַּלֵּק הַכָּתוּב מֵעִנְיָנוֹ שֶׁל פֶּסַח וְהִתְחִיל לְדַבֵּר בְּחֻקּוֹת שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, כְּגוֹן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל עָלָיו מַצּוֹת, וְלֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר בְּכָל גְּבֻלְךָ, הֻצְרַךְ לְפָרֵשׁ בְּאֵיזוֹ זְבִיחָה הוּא מַזְהִיר, שֶׁאִם כָּתַב וְלֹא יָלִין מִן הַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר תִּזְבַּח בָּעֶרֶב לַבֹּקֶר הָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר שְׁלָמִים הַנִּשְׁחָטִים כָּל שִׁבְעָה כֻּלָּן בְּבַל תּוֹתִירוּ וְאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִין אֶלָּא לְיוֹם וָלַיְלָה, לְכָךְ כָּתַב בערב ביום הראשון. דָּבָר אַחֵר בַּחֲגִיגַת י"ד הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, וְלִמֵּד עָלֶיהָ שֶׁנֶּאֱכֶלֶת לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים, וְהָרִאשׁוֹן הָאָמוּר כָּאן בְּיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, וְכֵן מַשְׁמָעוּת הַמִּקְרָא – בְּשַׂר חֲגִיגָה אֲשֶׁר תִּזְבַּח בָּעֶרֶב לֹא יָלִין בְּיֹ"טֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן עַד בָּקְרוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, אֲבָל נֶאֱכֶלֶת הִיא בְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר וּבַחֲמִשָׁה עָשָׂר, וְכָךְ הִיא שְׁנוּיָה בְמַסֶּכֶת פְּסָחִים (דף ע"א):
None of the flesh may remain — which you slaughter towards evening of the first day — until morning. This prohibits retaining the flesh of the pesach offered during future generations, since this was previously stated only with regard to the pesach brought in Egypt. The “first day” mentioned here refers to the fourteenth of Nisan, as it is said, “But before the first day you must remove all leaven from your homes.” Because Scripture has digressed from matters concerning the pesach, and entered a discussion of the laws of the seven days — for example, “For seven days, are you to eat on it matzos,” “No sourdough of yours may be seen in all of your boundary” — it is now necessary to identify the slaughter to which this admonition is directed. For, if it had written, “None of the flesh which you slaughter towards evening may remain until morning,” one might have concluded that shelamim-offerings slaughtered throughout the entire seven day period are included in “do not allow to remain,” and thus may be eaten for only a day and a night. Scripture, therefore, specifies “towards evening ‘of the first day.”’ Another interpretation. To the chagigah-offering of the fourteenth, is Scripture’s reference, teaching that it may be eaten for two days. And “the first” mentioned here is Scripture’s reference to the first day of the festival. This is the sense of the passage: ‘The flesh of the chagigah which you slaughter towards evening may not remain overnight during the first day of the festival until the morning of the second; however, it may be eaten on the fourteenth and fifteenth.’ This is the way it is taught in tractate Pesachim.
לֹא תוּכַל לִזְבֹּחַ אֶת־הַפָּסַח בְּאַחַד שְׁעָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָֽךְ׃
You are forbidden to slaughter the pesach in any of your cities that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.
You are forbidden to slaughter the pesach in any of your cities that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.
כִּי אִֽם־אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם תִּזְבַּח אֶת־הַפֶּסַח בָּעָרֶב כְּבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מוֹעֵד צֵֽאתְךָ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
Solely in the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses to house His Presence, there will you slaughter the pesach towards the afternoon, at sunset, at the time you left Egypt.
Solely in the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses to house His Presence, there will you slaughter the pesach towards the afternoon, at sunset, at the time you left Egypt.
Rashi
בערב כבוא השמש מועד צאתך ממצרים. הֲרֵי שְׁלֹשָׁה זְמַנִּים חֲלוּקִים, בָּעֶרֶב מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה זָבְחֵהוּ, וּכְבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ תֹּאכְלֵהוּ, וּמוֹעֵד צֵאתְךָ אַתָּה שׂוֹרְפֵהוּ, כְּלוֹמַר נַעֲשֶׂה נוֹתָר וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה (ספרי; ברכות ט'):
Towards evening, at sunset, at the time you left Egypt. These are three separate times. Towards evening — after six hours — slaughter it. At sunset — eat it. At the time you left [Egypt] — you burn it, meaning that it is disqualified as nosar, and must be removed to the burning site.
וּבִשַּׁלְתָּ וְאָכַלְתָּ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּוֹ וּפָנִיתָ בַבֹּקֶר וְהָלַכְתָּ לְאֹהָלֶֽיךָ׃
You shall cook [it] and eat [it] in the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses; and you may depart in the morning and go to your residence.
You shall cook [it] and eat [it] in the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses; and you may depart in the morning and go to your residence.
Rashi
ובשלת. זֶהוּ צְלִי אֵשׁ, שֶׁאַף הוּא קָרוּי בִּשּׁוּל:
You shall cook. The reference is to roasting over an open fire. This, too, is described as cooking.
ופנית בבקר. לְבָקְרוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטָּעוּן לִינָה לֵיל שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי י"ט (ספרי; פסחים צ"ה; חגיגה י"ז):
You may depart in the morning. The morning of the second day. This teaches that one is required to remain overnight, to include the night after the festival.
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תֹּאכַל מַצּוֹת וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי עֲצֶרֶת לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָֽה׃ {ס}
For six days you shall eat matzos, and on the seventh day, is one of withdrawal for the sake of Adonoy, your God, do not do work.
For six days you shall eat matzos, and on the seventh day, is one of withdrawal for the sake of Adonoy, your God, do not do work.
Rashi
ששת ימים תאכל מצות. וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר (שמות י"ב) הוּא אוֹמֵר "שִׁבְעַת יָמִים"? שִׁבְעָה מִן הַיָּשָׁן וְשִׁשָּׁה מִן הֶחָדָשׁ (ספרי; מנחות ס"ו); דָּ"אַ — לִמֵּד עַל אֲכִילַת מַצָּה בַּשְּׁבִיעִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ חוֹבָה, וּמִכָּאן אַתָּה לָמֵד לְשֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִי בִּכְלָל הָיָה וְיָצָא מִן הַכְּלָל לְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין אֲכִילַת מַצָּה בּוֹ חוֹבָה אֶלָּא רְשׁוּת, וְלֹא לְלַמֵּד עַל עַצְמוֹ יָצָא, אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ יָצָא, מַה שְּׁבִיעִי רְשׁוּת אַף כֻּלָּם רְשׁוּת, חוּץ מִלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהַכָּתוּב קְבָעוֹ חוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ב) "בָּעֶרֶב תֹּאכְלוּ מַצֹּת" (מכילתא; פסחים ק"כ):
For six days you shall eat matzos. Elsewhere it is said seven days. Seven from the old crop, six from the new. Another interpretation. This teaches that eating matzoh on the seventh day is not obligatory. You learn from this, and apply it to all six days; For, the seventh was included in a general group, and then isolated, with the teaching that eating matzah then is not obligatory, but arbitrary. It was not isolated strictly for itself, but as an example for the entire group. Just as the seventh day is arbitrary, so are all the days arbitrary, except for the first evening, which Scripture designates as obligatory, as it is said, “In the evening you shall eat matzos.”
עצרת לה' אלהיך. עֲצֹר עַצְמְךָ מִן הַמְּלָאכָה; דָּ"אַ — כְּנוּפְיָא שֶׁל מַאֲכָל וּמִשְׁתֶּה, לְשׁוֹן "נַעְצְרָה נָּא אוֹתָךְ" (שופטים י"ג):
[Is one of] withdrawal for the sake of Adonoy your God. Withdraw from working. Another interpretation. A gathering for celebrating with food and drink, as in “Please, let us gather you up.”
שִׁבְעָה שָׁבֻעֹת תִּסְפׇּר־לָךְ מֵהָחֵל חֶרְמֵשׁ בַּקָּמָה תָּחֵל לִסְפֹּר שִׁבְעָה שָׁבֻעֽוֹת׃
Seven weeks count for yourself; from the time the sickle begins felling the standing grain, begin to count seven weeks.
Seven weeks count for yourself; from the time the sickle begins felling the standing grain, begin to count seven weeks.
Rashi
מהחל חרמש בקמה. מִשֶּׁנִּקְצַר הָעֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא רֵאשִׁית הַקָּצִיר (עי' ספרי; מנחות ע"א):
From the time the sickle begins felling the standing grain. From the time the omer is cut, which begins the harvest.
וְעָשִׂיתָ חַג שָׁבֻעוֹת לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִסַּת נִדְבַת יָדְךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּתֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
You are to celebrate the festival of Shovuos for Adonoy, your God, to the fullness of your open-handed gift that you can give, as Adonoy, your God, has blessed you.
You are to celebrate the festival of Shovuos for Adonoy, your God, to the fullness of your open-handed gift that you can give, as Adonoy, your God, has blessed you.
Rashi
מסת נדבת ידך. דֵּי נִדְבַת יָדְךָ, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַבְּרָכָה הָבֵא שַׁלְמֵי שִׂמְחָה וְקַדֵּשׁ קְרוּאִים לֶאֱכֹל:
The fullness of your open-handed gift. The fullness of the gift of your hand, wholly commensurate with the blessing. Bring shelamim-offerings of rejoicing, and invite guests for feasting.
וְשָׂמַחְתָּ לִפְנֵי ׀ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אַתָּה וּבִנְךָ וּבִתֶּךָ וְעַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתֶךָ וְהַלֵּוִי אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְהַגֵּר וְהַיָּתוֹם וְהָאַלְמָנָה אֲשֶׁר בְּקִרְבֶּךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָֽׁם׃
You are to rejoice in the presence of Adonoy, your God—you, and your son and your daughter, and your male slave and your female slave, and the Levite who is in your city, and the proselyte, and the orphan and the widow who are among you—in the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses to house His Presence there.
You are to rejoice in the presence of Adonoy, your God—you, and your son and your daughter, and your male slave and your female slave, and the Levite who is in your city, and the proselyte, and the orphan and the widow who are among you—in the place that Adonoy, your God, chooses to house His Presence there.
Rashi
לוי גר יתום ואלמנה. אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁלִּי כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁלְּךָ – בנך ובתך ועבדך ואמתך, אִם אַתָּה מְשַׂמֵּחַ אֶת שֶׁלִּי אֲנִי מְשַׂמֵּחַ אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ:
The Levite, proselyte, orphan, and widow. My four correspond with your four — your son, daughter, servant, and maid-servant. If you bring joy to Mine, I shall bring joy to yours.
וְזָכַרְתָּ כִּי־עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ בְּמִצְרָיִם וְשָׁמַרְתָּ וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַֽחֻקִּים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ {פ}
Remember that you were a slave in Egypt; you are to guard and celebrate these statutes.
Remember that you were a slave in Egypt; you are to guard and celebrate these statutes.
Rashi
וזכרת כי עבד היית וגו'. עַל מְנָת כֵּן פְּדִיתִיךָ, שֶׁתִּשְׁמֹר וְתַעֲשֶׂה אֶת הַחֻקִּים הָאֵלֶּה:
Remember that you were a slave, etc. I redeemed you with thr stipulation that you observe and fulfill these statutes.
חַג הַסֻּכֹּת תַּעֲשֶׂה לְךָ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים בְּאׇסְפְּךָ מִֽגׇּרְנְךָ וּמִיִּקְבֶֽךָ׃
The festival of Sukkos celebrate for yourself seven days, when you harvest your threshing-floor and your wine-press.
The festival of Sukkos celebrate for yourself seven days, when you harvest your threshing-floor and your wine-press.
Rashi
באספך. בִּזְמַן הָאָסִיף שֶׁאַתָּה מַכְנִיס לַבַּיִת פֵּרוֹת הַקַּיִץ; דָּ"אַ — באספך מגרנך ומיקבך, לִמֵּד שֶׁמְּסַכְּכִין אֶת הַסֻּכָּה בִּפְסֹלֶת גֹּרֶן וְיֶקֶב (ראש השנה י"ג; סוכה י"ב):
When you harvest. At harvest time, when you place the summer produce in storage. Another interpretation of when you harvest your threshing area and wine cellar. This teaches that the sukkah should be covered with the husks and skins left in the threshing area and wine cellar.
וְשָׂמַחְתָּ בְּחַגֶּךָ אַתָּה וּבִנְךָ וּבִתֶּךָ וְעַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתֶךָ וְהַלֵּוִי וְהַגֵּר וְהַיָּתוֹם וְהָאַלְמָנָה אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
You are to rejoice during your festival—you and your son and your daughter, and your male slave and your female slave, and the Levite and the proselyte, and the orphan and the widow who are in your city.
You are to rejoice during your festival—you and your son and your daughter, and your male slave and your female slave, and the Levite and the proselyte, and the orphan and the widow who are in your city.
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תָּחֹג לַיהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר יְהֹוָה כִּי יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכֹל תְּבוּאָֽתְךָ וּבְכֹל מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ שָׂמֵֽחַ׃
Seven days are you to be festive for Adonoy, your God, in the place Adonoy chooses, for Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your produce and in all your endeavors; and you shall experience pure joy.
Seven days are you to be festive for Adonoy, your God, in the place Adonoy chooses, for Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your produce and in all your endeavors; and you shall experience pure joy.
Rashi
והיית אך שמח. לְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ אֵין זֶה לְשׁוֹן צִוּוּי אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן הַבְטָחָה, וּלְפִי תַלְמוּדוֹ לָמְדוּ מִכָּאן לְרַבּוֹת לֵילֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן לְשִׂמְחָה (שם מ"ח):
You shall experience pure joy. According to its plain meaning, this is not a command, but an assurance. According to the Talmudic teaching, however, it is derived from here that the last evening of the festival is included in the mitzvah to rejoice.
שָׁלוֹשׁ פְּעָמִים ׀ בַּשָּׁנָה יֵרָאֶה כׇל־זְכוּרְךָ אֶת־פְּנֵי ׀ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחָר בְּחַג הַמַּצּוֹת וּבְחַג הַשָּׁבֻעוֹת וּבְחַג הַסֻּכּוֹת וְלֹא יֵרָאֶה אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהֹוָה רֵיקָֽם׃
Three times a year are all your males to be seen in the presence of Adonoy, your God, in the place that He chooses—in the festival of Matzos, and on the festival of Shovuos, and on the festival of Sukkos—and he shall not appear in the presence of Adonoy empty-handed.
Three times a year are all your males to be seen in the presence of Adonoy, your God, in the place that He chooses—in the festival of Matzos, and on the festival of Shovuos, and on the festival of Sukkos—and he shall not appear in the presence of Adonoy empty-handed.
Rashi
ולא יראה את פני ה' ריקם. אֶלָּא הָבֵא עוֹלוֹת רְאִיָּה וְשַׁלְמֵי חֲגִיגָה:
He shall not appear empty handed in the presence of Adonoy. Rather, bring olah-pilgrimage-offerings and festive shelamim-offerings.
אִישׁ כְּמַתְּנַת יָדוֹ כְּבִרְכַּת יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ׃ {ס}
Everyone according to the gift appropriate to his means, according to the blessing of Adonoy, your God, that He gave you.
Everyone according to the gift appropriate to his means, according to the blessing of Adonoy, your God, that He gave you.
Rashi
איש כמתנת ידו. מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אוֹכְלִין הַרְבֵּה וּנְכָסִים מְרֻבִּין יָבִיא עוֹלוֹת מְרֻבּוֹת וּשְׁלָמִים מְרֻבִּים (ספרי; חגיגה ח'):
Everyone according to the gift appropriate to his means. Someone who has numerous guests and great affluence should bring many olah- and shelamim-offerings.
שֹׁפְטִים וְשֹֽׁטְרִים תִּֽתֶּן־לְךָ בְּכׇל־שְׁעָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ לִשְׁבָטֶיךָ וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת־הָעָם מִשְׁפַּט־צֶֽדֶק׃
Judges and police officers you shall appoint for yourself in all of your cities that Adonoy, your God, is giving you for your tribes; who will judge the people righteous justice.
Judges and police officers you shall appoint for yourself in all of your cities that Adonoy, your God, is giving you for your tribes; who will judge the people righteous justice.
Rashi
שפטים ושטרים. שׁוֹפְטִים – דַּיָּנִים הַפּוֹסְקִים אֶת הַדִּין, וְשׁוֹטְרִים – הָרוֹדִין אֶת הָעָם אַחַר מִצְוָתָם (שֶׁמַּכִּין וְכוֹפְתִין) בְּמַקֵּל וּבִרְצוּעָה עַד שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו אֶת דִּין הַשּׁוֹפֵט:
Judges and police officers. Judges: Magistrates who render legal decisions. Police officers — who compel the people to abide by their instructions by administering corporal punishment with cudgels and whips, until they accept the judge’s decision.
בכל שעריך. בְּכָל עִיר וָעִיר:
In all of your cities. In each and every city.
לשבטיך. מוּסָב עַל תתן לך – שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים תִּתֶּן לְךָ לִשְׁבָטֶיךָ בְּכָל שְׁעָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ:
For your tribes. This continues from ‘You shall appoint for yourself’ — “Judges and police officers you shall appoint for yourself for your tribes, in all of your cities which Adonoy, your God, is giving you.”
לשבטיך. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמּוֹשִׁיבִין דַּיָּנִין לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט וּבְכָל עִיר וָעִיר (ספרי; סנהדרין ט"ז):
For your tribes. This teaches that judges are to be seated for each and every tribe and in each and every city.
ושפטו את העם וגו'. מַנֵּה דַּיָּנִין מֻמְחִים וְצַדִּיקִים לִשְׁפֹּט צֶדֶק (עי' ספרי):
Who will judge the people, etc. Appoint competent, righteous judges, to judge righteously.
לֹא־תַטֶּה מִשְׁפָּט לֹא תַכִּיר פָּנִים וְלֹא־תִקַּח שֹׁחַד כִּי הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר עֵינֵי חֲכָמִים וִֽיסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי צַדִּיקִֽם׃
Do not pervert justice; do not display favoritism; and do not accept bribery, for bribery blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts words that are just.
Do not pervert justice; do not display favoritism; and do not accept bribery, for bribery blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts words that are just.
Rashi
לא תטה משפט. כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:
Do not pervert justice. This follows the obvious interpretation.
לא תכיר פנים. אַף בִּשְׁעַת הַטְּעָנוֹת; אַזְהָרָה לַדַּיָּן שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא רַךְ לָזֶה וְקָשֶׁה לָזֶה, אֶחָד עוֹמֵד וְאֶחָד יוֹשֵׁב, לְפִי שֶׁכְּשֶׁרוֹאֶה זֶה שֶׁהַדַּיָּן מְכַבֵּד אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ מִסְתַּתְּמִין טַעֲנוֹתָיו:
Do not display favoritism. Not even during the arguments. This prohibits the judge from being gentle with one but harsh with the other, or from requiring one to stand while the other is seated; because when one notices the judge deferring to his fellow, his arguments are repressed.
ולא תקח שחד. אֲפִלּוּ לִשְׁפֹּט צֶדֶק (ספרי):
Do not accept bribery. Even to adjudicate fairly.
כי השחד יעור. מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל שֹׁחַד מִמֶּנּוּ אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא יַטֶּה אֶת לִבּוֹ אֶצְלוֹ לַהֲפֹךְ בִּזְכוּתוֹ:
For bribery blinds. Once he has accepted his bribe, it is impossible for him not to be partial, and subvert the verdict in his favor.
דברי צדיקים. דְּבָרִים הַמְצֻדָּקִים – מִשְׁפְּטֵי אֱמֶת:
Words that are just. Words that are justified, true justice.
צֶדֶק צֶדֶק תִּרְדֹּף לְמַעַן תִּֽחְיֶה וְיָרַשְׁתָּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָֽךְ׃ {ס}
Pursue absolute justice so that you may live and inherit the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.
Pursue absolute justice so that you may live and inherit the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you.
Rashi
צדק צדק תרדף. הַלֹּךְ אַחַר בֵּית דִּין יָפֶה (ספרי; סנהדרין ל"ב):
Pursue absolute justice. Follow after the pre-eminent tribunal.
למען תחיה וירשת. כְּדַאי הוּא מִנּוּי הַדַּיָּנִין הַכְּשֵׁרִים לְהַחֲיוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְהוֹשִׁיבָן עַל אַדְמָתָן (ספרי):
So that you may live and inherit. There is adequate merit in the appointment of ethical judges to bring life to the Israelites, and settle them on their land.
לֹֽא־תִטַּע לְךָ אֲשֵׁרָה כׇּל־עֵץ אֵצֶל מִזְבַּח יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃
Do not plant an Asherah for yourself [or] any tree near the altar of Adonoy, your God, that you will make for yourself.
Do not plant an Asherah for yourself [or] any tree near the altar of Adonoy, your God, that you will make for yourself.
Rashi
לא תטע לך אשרה. לְחַיְּבוֹ עָלֶיהָ מִשְּׁעַת נְטִיעָתָהּ, וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא עֲבָדָהּ עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה עַל נְטִיעָתָהּ (שם):
Do not plant an Asherah tree for yourself. This makes him liable from the time that it was planted. Even if he never worshipped it, he transgresses a negative commandment for the very planting.
לא תטע לך אשרה כל עץ אצל מזבח ה' אלהיך. אַזְהָרָה לְנוֹטֵעַ אִילָן וּלְבוֹנֶה בַיִת בְּהַר הַבַּיִת:
Do not plant an Asherah tree for yourself; any tree near the altar of Adonoy, your God. This prohibits planting a tree or building a structure on the Temple mount.
וְלֹֽא־תָקִים לְךָ מַצֵּבָה אֲשֶׁר שָׂנֵא יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}
And do not erect for yourself a monument that Adonoy, your God, detests.
And do not erect for yourself a monument that Adonoy, your God, detests.
Rashi
ולא תקים לך מצבה. מַצֶּבֶת אֶבֶן אַחַת לְהַקְרִיב עָלֶיהָ אֲפִלּוּ לַשָּׁמַיִם:
Do not erect for yourself a monument. A single-stone monument for sacrificial offerings, even for the sake of Heaven.
אשר שנא. מִזְבַּח אֲבָנִים וּמִזְבַּח אֲדָמָה צִוָּה לַעֲשׂוֹת, וְאֶת זוֹ שָׂנֵא, כִּי חֹק הָיְתָה לַכְּנַעֲנִיִּים, וְאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁהָיְתָה אֲהוּבָה לוֹ בִּימֵי הָאָבוֹת, עַכְשָׁיו שְׂנֵאָהּ מֵאַחַר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוּהָ אֵלּוּ חֹק לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה (עי' שם):
That [God] detests. An altar made of stones or an earthen altar is what He commanded, but He detests this, because it was in the canon of the Canaanites. Although He cherished it during the times of the patriarchs, He now detests it, since they included it in the idolatrous ritual.
שמור את חדש האביב. מִקֹּדֶם בּוֹאוֹ שְׁמֹר שֶׁיְּהֵא רָאוּי לְאָבִיב – לְהַקְרִיב בּוֹ אֶת מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר, וְאִם לָאו עַבֵּר אֶת הַשָּׁנָה (עי' סנהדרין י"א):
Take heed of the month of spring. Before it arrives. Take heed that it is compatible with springtime, so that you may bring the omer-mincha- offering. If not, add a month to the year.